CHAPITRE II
16 Tour, note the différence of tour, masc, and tour, fem. ; the latter derived from Latin turris, the former from Italian torno. Latin iornus, with the meaning of tum, triok, joumey, trip, turning lathe.
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8| 17 Qu'est ce que c*est, etc. ; note the contemptuous tond expressed by qu'est-ce, whafs that, not qui est celuilà, who îs that ?
24 Instinctivement. Adverbs are formed in French by adding ment to the adjective if it ends in a vowel, as : sagement, poli-mcntf ahsolu-ment. If the adjective ends in a consonant, you add ment to the féminine form, as: heureux — heureusement, There are several exceptions which will be noted as they occor. (See note to p. 5, 1. 29.) The suffîx ment, is t^e Latin mente, '* with the intention."
26 Cet, The masculine form ce takes a t before words beginning with a vowel or mute h, as cet homme, to avoid the hiatus which would be caused by two open vowels.
26 Accueil, réception. Lat. aà-colligo,
28 Esprit, mind. The vroià esprit, although derîvedfromthe Latin spiritus, has rarely the meaning of " Spirit," except in the expression Le Saint Esprit, or when taken in conjunction with another suostantive, as esprit de corps — esprit de vin, etc., etc.; it more commonly has the meaning of mind, wit, intelligence.
28 Troublé, disturbed. Trouble, n.s., and troubler, v.tr.,can
seldom be rendered by the English word " trouble." — The Latin derivative turbula, dim. of turba, a crowd, shows its meaning to be rather disturbance, confusion, such as is produced by a crowd ; de Veau troublé, du vin troublé^ muddy water, thick wine. The English word " trouble " is rendered in French by peine,
29 Vous faisiez, you were celebrating*
29 Ça se trouve bien, that is fortunate.
9, 5 Qui a dix lieues, etc^ who has walked ten leagues. The French league is of 4 kilomètres, and is equal to about 2} miles English.
11 Plafond, ceiling. Deriv. plat, flat, and fond, snrfaoe*
14 Ail. The plural of ail is aulx.
18 Fricasse-nous, fry for us. Cf. Shakespeare " Taming of
the Shrew," Act I., Scène II., ** Knock me hère
soundly."
24 M'avait amené, had made me sit down.
25 Appuyé, supported. Etym. L. Latin appodiare, to prop
up, from ad podium, a height or élévation. The French word puy, mound, eminence {Puy de Dôme), comes from podium, which has the meaning of a row ol Beats raised one over the other.
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9, 26 DUine cinquantaine d^annccs, 3ome 60 years old. The addition of aine to certain nmneralâ in French haa the meaning of that number or thereabout. The nmnerals to which it can be added are : huit^ dix (making dizaine)^ douze^ quinze^ vingts trente, quarante i cinquante i soixante, and cent ; huitaine and quinzaine are nsed respectivelj with the signification of a week (8 days), and a fortnight (15 days). The Word neuvatne is exclusively used for a space of nine days, set apart for some act of dévotion.
29 Reçue. In the féminine to agrée with que, the direct object preceding the verb, que itself referring to blessure, which is féminine.
lO| 1 Assiette, a plate. Etym. donbtful. M. Littré snggests siet, from Lat. situs, situated ; but the connection is diffîcult to see. The Scotch still retain the French Word ashet for a dish.
2 La motte entière, the whole lump. Etym. Italian motta, a heap of ground.
6 ye ne pensais plus aux crêpes. Penser, rêver and songer are followed by the dative case in French, instead of by the genitive as in English.
12 Ce que c^ était un père, what a father really was.
22 jfe me hâtai. Observe the circumflex accent hère, and in the word arrêtant in line 25, betokening, as usual, the omission of the letter s, which existed in the old form of the word in French, and which still exists in the English words haste and arrest.
28 Baissant les yeux. For tiie use of the deûnite article hère instead of possessive adjective, see note page 1, line 12.
82 Si, I beg your pardon. Si is used as an answer in the
affirmative with the object of contradicting a preceding négative, as : Vous n^êtes pas le père de cet enfant I Si je le suis. Si has the meanmg of ainsi and is derived from the Latin sic,
83 Si encore il ne mangeait pas, if he only did not eat,
i.e,, require feedmg, he would not cost so much to keep.
11, 1 ye n'avais pas envie, I had no désire
8 ye me fâche, I shall get angry For circumflex accent see
note on line 22, page 10. Cf. the Scotch expression, *' to fash oneself .'*
9 Un coup d'œil, a glance. The word coup is used, in
conjunction with many others, with the signification of a stroke, a sudden action — as, coup d'air, a chill caughtin a draught ; coup d'essai, anythingproduced M a fresh attempt, coup de grâce, fijtiishing stroke ;
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coup de fusil, gun shot ; coup de tonnerre ^ clai) ol thunder ; coup de tête, an inconsiderate action ; and many others.
Lli 18 Armoire, a cupboard. Etym. arme, which in its proper Bignification is derived from the Greek àput, to adapt or fit — something adapted, fitted to the purpose. Thèse three words are often confused: — armure, armonr; armoire, a cupboard; armoiries, armoriai bearings (coat of arms, crest, <&c.).
23 Et qu'on est tranquille, and because one is easy in one's
mind ; for que, put for farce que in foregoing clause, see note on page 1, hne 16.
24 Or, now I an adverb f requently nsed to introduce a clause
referring to or explaining something that has been said. The old French form of the word is ore or ores, and it is derived from Latin hora, as are also encore, alors, lors, lorsque, dorénavant, and désormais,
25 De plus, besides.
12, 1 ye ne saurais, I cannot. The woids savoir, oser, and
pouvoir, can be negatived by ne, without pas foUowmg. The conditional of savoir, saurais, which is very common as a négative form with the sensé of ** I cannot possibly," never takes/as after it. 8 Au pas lent, by the slow step.
6 Étouffée, low, suppressed, stifled
7 jfe n^eus garde de répondre, I took care not to answer*
Notice that avoir garde and se garder imply a négative after them, though not expressed in French.
8 Mon oreille. Oreille is fem., but for euphony the
masc. form mon, ton, and son précède a noun of the féminine gender beginning with a vowel.
10 Son habitude. See preceding note.
15 Aux Enfants Trouvés, to the Foundlîng Hospital.
27 A vous fendre le cœur, so that it went to your very heart.
13, 8 Voilà ce quHl y aura gagné, that is ail he can hâve
gained by not being sent there sooner.
11 Reprit, resumed, went on to say.
14 Ce quHl y a de sûr, what is certain is, etc. The genitive of quantity is derived from the Latin ** quid novi," quoi de nouveau, "nil boni," rien de bon, "ecquid novi ? " ^ a-t-il quelque chose de nouveau ? etc.
19 Le nôtre, and in Unes 20 and 21, le mien and le tien. Note that the possessive pronoun is always preceded by a definite article, and in the first and second plural is distinguished from the possessive adjective by a circumflex accent, as: possessive adjectives, notre, our, votre, your ; possessive pronouns, le nôtre, oon, le vôtre, yours.
NOTES. l6l
19, 31 Uh hrave enfant, a good boy. Brave is one of Ihcsa adjectives of which tlie signification varies according as it is placed before or after the substantive : — un brave homnie^ a good fellow; un homme brave, a brave man ; un pauvre musicien, a sorry musician ; un musicien pauvre, one who is in poor circumstances (and many others).
fflc, 10 Nigaud, a simpleton ; etymology doubtful.
11 De beaux langes. When an adjective précèdes îts substantive the partitive article is omitted, and de alone used, whatever may be the gender or number of the substantive. Cf. same \'me,cles dentelles, where there is no preceding adjective.
11 Langes, swaddling clothes, from Lat. lana, wool, as linge is derived from linum, linen.
16 Que les femmes, etc., how obstinate women are I Note the différence between the English and French forms, the adjective in English being placed next to the interjectional adverb.
19 Assez causé, "we hâve had enough talking. Causer has the signification of to chat, from the Latin causari, to go to law, to dispute.
18, 14 y^ aurais peut-être dû te faire connaître la vérité, perhaps I ought to hâve let you know the truth.
19 Comme Jérôme allait à son travail et quHl passait ; for que mtroducing second clause, see note on page 1, Ime 16.
38 L'embrasure, the openîng. The original meaning of embrasure was (as the meaning of the word is actually in English) an opening through which cannonwerepointed at the enemy, which has suggested as the etymology of the word, embraser, to set on fire. M. Littré, however, considers this etym. doubifol.
24 II faisait petit Jour, day was just begînning to dawn. 16, ^ Le commissaire de police, Anglicé, to the police station. Commissaire, any one charged with spécial temporary fonctions.
5 Langes et linges. Cf. note on page 14, line 11.
14 Un bel enfant, The masculine form of beau, used to
précède a yowel for euphony.
80 Me cramponnant à elle, clinging to her. Crampon is a clamp or pièce of iron bent at the end for the purpose of holding things together.
17» 1 Qui Vont monté, which hâve made him angry.
8 Quand il rentrera. Note the future tense hère, which might be rendered in English by the présent, " when he cornes in " ; in French tlM future tcnse is always
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used for any action to take place at a future tîine,
as : je sortirai quand il aura cessé de pleuvoir ^ I 'will
go out when it has left oS raining.
17, 7 Le nez. For use of definite article instead- of possessive
adjective see note on page 1, line 12.
10 Profondément. For the acute accent see note on précisé-
ment, page 5, line 29* 17 Eût étéy would hâve been. For aurait été. The imper-
fect subj. of the auxiliaried être and avoir is often
employed for the conditionâl.
21 JSmpêcher, to hinder. Etym. Lat. impedîcare, from in
and pedicay a trap.
22 Qu^ctait'ce que Vhospice ? What was the Foundling Hos-
Ï)ital ? Fox €e f oUowed by que see note on page 7» ine 21.
