CHAPITRE XI
25 Emboîter le pas, to march. Thîs is a military term.
Anglicé, to lock up, as one soldier following another plfkces his f oot in the place left by the one preceding him.
118, 1 Faire la bête, to play the part of the fool. 3 Bien être, comfort, well being.
18 Pris, seized.
24 Soit, followed by soit in the next claase=:whether...or.
32 Allèrent à peu près, went pretty well.
33 Quoique always takes the subjunctive mood.
119, 1 Quitté. For agreement of past participle with the
direct object, or the contrary, see note on page 37, line 7.
6 A tout prendre, taking things ail in ail.
6 Si âpre qu'elle fût, rough as it was ; âpre from Latin
asper, the suppressed s represented by the circumflex accent.
7 Pourrissions, we had been rotting for the last f ew wecks.
Pourrir, from Latin putrescere,
8 Au sec, in a dry quarter.
13 Gagner, get to, arrive at.
20 Aussitôt, immediately.
21 Atre, fire place.
26 II ne faisait pas encore jour, it was not yet day.
30 S* engouffrait, blew hard.
31 Tisons, embers, from Latin titionem, 31 Enfouis, bnried, from Latin infodere,
X20, 3 Ne se font pas, cannot be got over.
9 Se portait, was wom.
12 Gardant and hâtant, The présent participle in French never changes its number or gender, except when used as an adjective.
15 II ne se faisait pas, etc., there were no bright patches in the sky.
17 Entr'ouvrit, See note on page 103, line 8.
18 Eût, for aurait,
21 Rasait la terre, kept close to the ground.
22 faillissant, springing forth. From lidXm jaculart, to
dart.
l86 NOIES.
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120, 22 Levant, ihe east ; because the sun rîses, se lève^ there;— so le couchant is the west.
22 Soupirail f air hole, vent hole (plural soupiraux), Froin Latin suspirare^ to breathe. X21, 2 yacassementSf chattering ; Jacasse , a chatterîng \roman. Fiom. jacquotf a name given to parrots (Littré). 9 Ils étaient déjà, etc., they were iJready far off and we still saw.
10 Flocons de duvets flakes of down. Flocon îs from Latin JîoccHs, a flaie of wool ; duvet^ perhaps from Lcw Latin duma, German Daune, English *down.' 13 Qu* augmentait, etc. For verb preceding its subject see
note on page 3, line 3.
16 Roussis, scorched by the weather ; literally : tumed red.
19 Cuivrés, copper-coloured.
20 Peser, to weigh heavily. Lat. pondus.
20 Cime, the tops. Italian cyma, Lat. cuma, whîch is the tender heart of a plant at the end of the stalk, thence the summit,
29 Ce que c^ctait qu'une tempête, See note on p. 4, line 22. 122, 2 Entr^ ouverts, See note on page 103, line 8.
12 ye n^avais pas, etc., I had not yet perceived any house.
13 Annonçât. The subjunctive after the négative in pre-
ceding clause. See note on page 34, Une 27.
15 Se confondaient, etc., were mixed up with infinité space.
22 Couvert, For rule of past participle, see note on page
34, Une 27«
23 Bas côtés, tho lower sides, of the hedges. 25 Ras de terre, close to the ground.
29 Fente, a chink or crevice ; from fendre, to split,. Latin Jindere, 123, 15 En tourmente, like a tempest.
23 Clairière, an opening, clearing.
24 Une coupe, a cutting of wood.
25 Baliveaux, young trees reserved from a cutting and left
to grow. Anglicé " staddle." 32 Averse, heavy shower.
124, 2 Mailles, meshes.
8 Devait être, must be.
9 Ne pas se décourager, not to be disheartened.
18 Montré. For rule of past participle, see note on page
34, Ime 27.
25 Haute futaie, trees that hâve been aUowed to grow,
forest trees. Futaie is derived from fût. Latin
fustis, a stick.
27 Débouchait, opened out.
28 C'était raisonner juste, it was a gooJ guesB. 80 Bourrées. See note on page 8, line 1.
32 Assez serré, closely enough constructed.
Page LiB6
125, 6 La leur iïheirB, Possessive pronouns are disticguished
from the possessive adjectives by being always preceded by the definite article, as : 710 tre^ our ; le nôtre , ours ; vôtret your ; le vôtres yours, &c,
10 ye me doutais bien. See note on "page 113, line 8.
11 Devait se trouver quelque part^ there must be somewhere
or other.
12 Bûcheron^ wood cntter, from huches a log. Etym. Low
Latin hoscus ; English bush.
13 Qu'elle tombe, let it falL
13 Défit défiance ; not to be confounded with the French
Word défiance^ which means mistrust.
21 Servant de siegeSt serving for chairs.
23 Prix, value.
24 De champ, placed with their broadsides vertically.
Champ in this sensé means the narrowest part of a pièce of wood or of a brick ; bricks if placed with their broadsides horizontally are said to be posées de plat.
126, 2 Pétillant, crackling.
13 Écarta, pnshed aside.
21 Huche à pain, See note on page 6, line 16.
22 Casseroles chantantes, hissing stew pans.
27 Aussi. For construction following aussi ses nctc on
page 44, line 29.
127, 2 DHci Troyes, between this and Troyes.
13 Ne touchèrent pas, did not affect.
13 Serrer, put away.
21 Si frugal qu'eût été, frugal as had been.
30 Dût, would. For subjunctive after négative in pre-
ceding clause see note on page 34, line 27.
33 11 ne ventait plus, the wind no longer blew.
128, 6 Avaient pris leur parti, had decided to make the best of. 7-8 Celui-ci, celui-là, one — the other.
11 Combien, etc. Combien is to be taten in conjunction
with de temps.
18 jf*en aurais plus haut que les genoux. I should sink in
over my knees.
2 i II avait dû vendre, he had been obliged to sell.
28 Citait au jour, etc., I must learn from the daylight what
I could no longer ask our dear big watch to tell me.
129, 3 N'en apprenaient^ etc. The en hère is not to be trans-
lated.
4 // s'était établi, etc., an absolute silence had ensued.
Bemark the auxiliary être with verbs conjugated
reflectively.
4 Que ne venait, etc. For vcrb preceding its subject see
note page 3, line 3.
11 Jùtou^'é, stiiled, supprcsscd, dull.
l8S NOTES.
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229, 14 Raide, steep. From Latin rigidus.
15 S* était. Verbs conjugated reflectively take the auxiliary
être, IG Tranchait sur^ stood ont în relief agaînst. 17 Linceul, sliroud ; pronounced linceuil ; derived from
linceolum, diminntive from linteum, from linutn, linen.
21 Embrasure, the opening. (See note on page 15, Une 23.) 24 Envie, désire, wish.
30 De pain. Aftcr négatives the partitive article îs not
used, only the préposition de ; avoir du pain, to hâve some bread ; ne pas avoir de pain, to hâve no bread.
130, 6 N^ avait rien ponr me déplaire, was bj no means dis-
pleasing to me.
11 Foulée, trodden mider foot.
13 Se serrer le ventre, to tighten one*3 waîst-band (so as
not to feel the cravings of hunger).
17 Qti'il en restait peu 1 How little remained I
22 Leur manège du déjeuner, their behayioor with regard
to the breakfast. See page 127,:lines 11 andfollowing.
23 II n^en fut rien, they did nothing of the sort.
24 Combien, etc. Translate thèse words in the following
order : Combien leur intelligence fut vive, ^30 Palper, to feel it, to see what it contained.
131, 5 Langage. Langage, as compared with langue, means
"the thoughts or words expressed," langue, the language or dialect in which they are expressed.
14 Cépées, tuf ts of shoots, from cep. Latin cippus, a tree-stem.
15 Marée, tide, comparing the snow to the surface of
the sea.
25 Au plus vite, as fast as we could.
26 M^être roulé. Verbs oonjugated reflectively take êtn
for the auxiliary.
28 Servait d'oreiller, served me as a pillow.
31 A mon tour. See note on page 32, line 6.
132, 5 Devait, must.
11 Amas, heap, from Italian ammassare, to heap np.
16 // n''y avait qu*à prendre, I had only got to take it.
19 Prendre ma faction, to take my tum of watching ; from
Latin factionare, to be able to aot ; factionnaire is
" a sentry." 24 Je m'étais levé. Verbs conjugated reflectively take être
for their auxiliary.
80 Parsemé, studded ; from par and semer, to sow, " sowed,
or scattered hère and there."
31 Si vive que fût leur clarté, bright as their light was.
32 Que montrait, etc. For verb preceding its subject, see
note on page 3, line 3.
83 // devait geler, it must be freezing.
Ko ILS, xSç
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133, 9 Remplît. Subjunctive after 6/V« ^«^.
11 II me donnait envie ^ it made me Nvaut.
20 Avivé, revived with wood.
25 Engourdis, benumbed.
26 Sans que, etc. For this construction see note on pa^e \S,
Une 29.
28 Je me serais. Beflective verbs take être for their auxiliary.
31 ye me laissai aller, I allowed myself to be overcome by.
32 Qui me gagnait, which was taking possession of me.
32 Tout en me croyant, ail the time that I thought I was.
134, 1 En sursaut, with a start.
5 jL clair assent, subjonctive after négative. 10 Que se passe-t-il ? what is going on ?
13 S^ était, Verbs conjugated reflectively take être for their
auxiliary.
15 Adressée» For agreement of past part, with direct
object preceding it, see note on page 34, line 29. 1 > jfe me la posai, I put it to myself.
26 Aviver, (See note on page 133, line 20.) 13 S, 6 Emportés, For rule of agreement of past part, with direct object preceeding it, see note on page 34, line 29, 8 Trahi. For past part, not agreeing with direct object
coming after it, see note on page 37, line 7. 18 Se montrait, was seen; lit., showed itself. For verb preceding its subject, see note on page 3, line 3.
30 Réverbération, reflexion.
31 Pour nous reconnaître, for us to know where we were.
33 Éblouis, dazzled.
X36, 6 Vitalis précisa mes craintes, e%^iQS?.Qà. \ih.9X 1 iediiQ^ \xk clear language.
7 Emportés, Bule of past participle page 34, line 29.
8 Laissés, Bule of past participle page 34, line 29.
17 A mi-jambe, half-way up our legs. Note that mi, which
is put for demi, always précèdes the substantive, and
does not change its gender.
£2 A ce que les loups, etc, to be attacked ourselves by the
wolves.
£7 Ils ne seraient pas sortis. Certain verbs ezpressing
action of the pody, either at rest or in motion, are
conjugated with être, such as venir, aller, sortir^
partir, descendre, rester, &c.
29 S'était dirigé. Beflective verbs take être for their
auxiliary.
137, 2 S'étaient allumées, See preceding note.
5 Était restée, See note on page 136, line 27. 14 Poignée, handful, from poing (Latin pugnus), the fist. The termination ce expresses the quantity contaiued
igO NOTES.
Viise Lias
în anylliing, as assiette^ a plate ; assiettée, a p"!ate-
f ul ; cuiller , a spoon ; cuilleréet a spoonful ; bouche,
bouchée, &c.
137,19 Brouillé, mixed up. For rule of past particîple, fl©e
note on page 37, line 7.
20 Pour qu^on ne piU, for us not to be able to.
23 S^était blotti, Éeflective vcrbs take être for thcîr auxiliary.
13 8j 6 Se sera caché, bas hid hîmself. Future in French, where English uses the perfect.
8 Par ce temps abominable, in thîs dreadful weather. Gagner froid, take a chill.
10 Troubler, See note on page 8, line 23.
25 Grondât, Past subjunctive after past indicative in pre-
ceding clause.
25 Morne, sad, from Old German moman, which is the
same as the English word " to moum." 25 Accablé, depressed; literally, weighed down to the
ground.
139, 18 Fourche, a cleft în the tree ; so called from its resem-
blance to a fork. Lat./«rca.
25 Frileuse, shivering, chilly.
140, 1 Le mot n'était pas très juste, what I said was not exactly
true.
7 Acquis, For rule of past part, sec note on p. 34, line 29. 13 Veiller, to take care.
21 Gamins, little brats (like myself).
23 Aussi est-il. For the construction with aussi see note on page 44, line 29.
26 Dégringolant, coming down quickly ; its real meanîng is
to corne down rather f aster than is pleasant; if a man misses his footing on a ladder or staircase, and cornes tumbling down, il dégringole,
141, 3 En creux, scooped out, in a hoUow.
5 Longé, passed alongside of.
11 Boules, roUed them over ; as you would a bail, une boule,
12 Traînée, track.
17 H allier, thicket; in Old French haîot meant a branch.
25 Bassiné, warmed ; with a warming-pass. From bassin, the basin in which the hot coals or embers are put.
31 II n'était pas besoin, there was no need.
142, 8 M"* innocenter, excuse myself ; make myself out innocent. 10 Seraient, (See note on page 136, line 27.)
13 Grondât, battît, Past subjunctive after past indicative
în first clause.
