être en mauvaise

amitié avec, to be on bad

terms with amonceler, v.tr, to heap up an, n.s.m, year ; avoir — ans, te

be so many years old angle, n.s.m. a corner angoisse, n.s.f, anguish apercevoir, apercevant, aperçu,

aperçois, aperçus, v, tr, to

perceive appartenir, appartenant, appartenu, appartiens, appartins,

vJntr, to belong appel, n.s.m, oall, appeal appeler, v.tr, to call apprentissage, n,s.m. appren-

ticeship appris, 1. sing perf, ind., from

apprendre, apprenant, appris,

apprends, appris, v. tr, to

leam s'approcher, v,conj,refl, to ap-

proach après, adv, and prep, after archéologue, n.5.m. archœologiet argent, n,s.m, money arracher, v,tr, to tear out

VOCAfeÛLAkV.

s'arranger, v. tr, conj\ refl. to

make arrangements, to ma-

nage s'arrêter, v.act, conj.reji. to stop,

cease arrière, adv, backwards ; en

arrière, behind arriver, v, intr, to arrive, to

happen; often used imper-

sonally as on page 5, Une 2 ;

il arriva des lettres, there

came letters, or letters came arrondir, vJr, to round s'asseoir, s'asseyant, assis, je

m'assieds, je m'assis, v.intr,

conj,refl. to sit down assez, adv, enongh ; sometimes

with an adjective or other

adverb to be rendered by

pretty; assez bien, pretty

well assiette, n,s,f, plate assourdir, v»tr, to deafen s'attarder à, v, conj. refl. to lose

time over (en) attendant, adv. in the mean

while attendre, attendant, attenda,

attends, attendis, v.tr, to wait

for, expect attente, n.s.f, waiting, expecta-

tion au, contracted from 'à,' at or to

and the definite article 'le,' the au-de£ffius de, prep, above, upon auberge, n.sf, inn aubergiste, «.5.m. or/, innkeeper augmenter, v.tr, and intr, to in-

crease aujourd'hui, to-day, com-

pounded of au joar de hui;

hui, from Latin hodie, to-day.

auprès, adv. an^(in conjunction

^ith que) prep, near auraient, Zrd pi, cond, from

avoir, ayant, eu, ai, eus (fut,

aurai) v.anx. to hâve aurait dû, ought to hâve aussi, adv, so, also, as MObitôt, adv, immediately

autour de, prep, around autrefois, adv, formerly avant, adv^ or prep, before ; avant means before with regard to time; devant with regard to place avantage, n.s.m, advantage avec, prep, with avertissement, n.s.m, warning aveu, n,5,m, avowal, confession aviser, v.intr, to bethink onesell avoisiner, v.trans, to be near

baguette, n.s.f, ^ wand, ramrod,

drum stick baiser, n.s.m. kiss baisser, v.tr. to lower, let down balayer, v.tr, to sweep balancer {9e),v,conj, refl, towave banc, n.s.m, bench, form barbe, n.s.f, beard bas, basse, adj, low bâtir, bâtissant, bâti, bâtis,

bâtis, v.tr, to build, oonstmct beau,/, belle,//, beaux, belles,

adj. fine, handsome, beantif al beignet, n,s.m. fritter bercer, v.tr, to rock, as one does

a cradle or a child berge, n.s.f, river bank berger, n.s.m, shepherd besoin, n.s.m, need bête, n.s.f, bcast beurre, n.s.m, butter bien, n.s.m, good, property ; also

adv. meaning well, very bien-être, n.s.m. comfort bien que, conj, although bientôt, adv. soon bille, n.s.f, marble, billiardball bise, n.s.f, cold wind bizarre, adj, curions, ecoentrio blanc,/, blanche ; adj, white blancheur, n.s.f, whiteness blanchies, p.p. fem. from blanchir, v.tr, second conj, io

whiten blé, n.s.m. whrat

VOCABULARY

blesser, vJr. to wonnd blessure, n.5./. wound blond, adj, fair (of hair and

eyes) blouse, n,s.f. smock; gannent

worn by workmen and pea-

sants, generally blue or grey bœuf, n,5.tn, oz bois, n,s.m, wood boisé, -ée, adj, wooded bol, n,5.tn, bowl bonjour I goodmomingl borne, n.5./. limît bouchée, n.5./. monthful boucler, v,ir. to buokle boue, n,5,f, mpd bonfEette, n,s,f. bow (of ribbon) bouger, vAntr, to budge, to stir bouillie, n.s.f. pap, such as

children eat bouillon, n,s,m» bubble (p. 7»

line 2)boulanger, n,5.m, baker bouquet, n,s,in, nosegay bourgeois, n.5.m. citizen bourse, n.5.f. purse.

bout, n.s.m. end ; à bout de, at

the utmost eztent of one*8

tether bouteille, n.s/. bottle boutique, n,s.f. shop boutonnière, n,s.f. button hole brande, n.5.f. heath, heather bras, n,s,m. arm brebis, n,s.f. sheep breuvage, n,s,m. beverage broussailles, n.5./. (//.) brush-

wood bruissement, n,s.m. rustling bruit, n,s.m, noise buffet, n,s.tn, sideboard but, n.5.m. end, aim, object

cachette, n.s.f» hiding place eafé, n,s.m. ooffee, coffee-

house eaillou, pi. cailloux, n,s.m.

pebble

calcul, n.s.m. calculation camarade, n.s.m, comrade carboniser, v.tr» to char carcasse (de fer), n.s/, iron

frame carène, n.s.f, keel carré, n.s.m, square cas, n.s.m. case; en tous cas,

p. 31, 1. 26, any how casquette, n,s.f. cap casser, v.tr. to break causer, v.intr, tochat, talkcon-

fidentially ce (or cet before a vowel), /•

cette, pi, ces, dem.adj. this or

tbat celui, /. celle, pl.m, ceux, /•

celles, dem.pron. that, he, the

one celui-ci, see celui ; the addition

of ci means the onelast men-

tioned cendre, n.s.f, ash, cînder cent, mimerai, hundred centime, small French coin,

lOOth part of a franc cependant, adv, however, never-

iheless, meanwhile cercle, n.s.m. circle cette, fem. sing» from ce, dem.

adj, this or that ceux-là, (for ceux, see celui);

the addition of * là ' (the op-

positeof * ci ') gives themean-

ing of something more re-

mote ; cet homme ci, this

man hère ; cet homme là, tha^

man there chagrin, n.s.m, grief, Borrow chair, n.s.f, flesh chaise, n,s.f, chair chapeau, n.s.m, hat charg3r, v.^r. to charge, load;

on p. 2, 1. 16, to instruct charretier, n.s.m. carter, charrue, n.5.f, plough chasser, v,tr, to chase, drive

away chat, n,s.m, cat chaud, adj, warm.

igâ

VÔCABULAkV.

chauffer, v.tr. and inir. to warm, to heat

chemÎD, n.s,m, road, way

obeminer, v.intr. to joumey

chemise, n.s.f. shirt

chêne, n,5.m, oak

chercher, v.tr, to seek, look for

cheveu, pi, cheveux, n,5,m. hair

chez, prep. at the house of, alwajs used with persons

chien, n,s,in, dog

chiffre, n.s.m, number, sum total

cigale, tus.f. grasshopper

ciseau, n.s.m. chisel; ciseaux (».//.), scissors

clapoter, v.intr, to plash ; clapotement, n.s.m, rippling

claque, n,s.f, blow, box on the ear

claquer, v.intr. to chatter

clarté, n.s.f, brightnees

clef, n,5.f, key

cloche, n.s.f, bell

clocher, n.s.m. steeple

clopiner, v.intr. to limp

clou, n.s.m, nail

cœur, n.s.m. heart

coiffer, v.tr, to put on one's head ; était coiffé de (p. 20, 1. 31), wore upon his head

coin, n.s.m. corner

coller, v.tr, to stick, to cause to adhère

collet, n.s.m. coUar

colline, n.s.f. hill

comme, conj. as, how

comment, adv. how

comprendre, v.tr, comprenant, compris, comprends, compris, to understand

compter, v.tr. and intr. to count

confiance, n.s.f. Confidence

congeler (se), v, conj, refl. to freeze

connaissais, imper f, from connaître, connaissant, connu, connais, connus, v,tr, to know

conter, v.tr, to relaté

contraire, adj, contrary

contre, prep. against

contrée, n.s.f, country

convaincre, convainquant, convaincu, convaincs, convainquis, v.tr, to convince

convenir, convenant, convenu, conviens, convins, v,intr, to agrée, suit

corbeille, n,5.f, basket

cordon, n,5.m. string

cordonnier, n.s,m, shoemaker

cortège, n.s,m, procession

côté, n.s.m, side

cotonnade, n.s,f. cotton cloth

cou, n.5.m. neck.

couche, n,5.f, layer

coucher, preceded by the def.

art., verb used as a noun subst., the act or time of going to bed; p. 11, ]. 6, propre au coucher, necessary for going to bed

se coucher, v. act. conj. refi, to lie down, to go to bed

coude, n.s.m, elbow

couler, v.intr. to flow

couper, v.tr, to eut

cour, n.sf. court yard

couramment, adv, fluently

courbe, n.s.f. curve

court, adj, short

couteau, n.s.m, knife

coûter, v.tr. to cost

coutume, n.s.f, custom

oouvercic, n,s.m, coverlid

couverture, n,s.f coverlet, blanket

couvraient, Srd pLimperfy from couvrir, couvrant, couvert, couvre, couvris, v,tr. to oover

craindre, craignant, craint, crains, craignis, v. tr, to fear

crêpe, n,s.f, pancake

crête, n.s.f, crest, top

creuser, v.tr, to hollow oat

crever, v,intr, to burst

TOCABULARY.

etier, vJntr. to ory ; p. 8, L 6, to

creak critique, adj, oritical; n,s.m,

critio ; n,s.f. criticism oroohu, adj, gnarled, twisted croiser, v.tr. to crosâ crotté, adj, dirty croûte, n.s.f. cmst cni,p.part, from croire, croyant,

cra, crois, crus, vJr, to be-

lieve cailler, n.s.f, spoon cuir, n.s.m. leather cuisine, n.5./. kitchen culotte, n.s.f, breechei cygi^Ot naan, swan

d'aillenra, adv, besides dalle, n.s.f, flagstone d'avance, adv. beforehand davantage, adv, more, longer débarasser, v.tr. to rid, dis-

embaraRfl debout, adv. npright débuter, v.intr. to make one*s

first appearance décharné, -ée, part, used as an

adj. lean, fleshless déconcerter, v.tr. to disconcert découpage, n.s.fn. cutting up décrocher, v.tr. to unhook décroiser, v.tr. to uncross dedans, adv. inside ; là dedans,

p. 4, 1. 10, in that accident ;

dedans is also n.s.m., iuterior défaire, défaisant, défait, défais,

défis, v.tr. to undo défilé, n.s.m. procession, march-

past dégager (se), v.conj.refl. to un-

loose oneself ; p. 7, 1. é, to be

given ont dégoût, n.5.tn. disgust déj!uiser, v.tr, to disguîse dehors |au), adv. out^ide déjà, aav. already déjeuner, v.intr. to breakfast;

filso n.s,m. breakfast

déjouer, v.tr. to baffle délayer, v.tr. to dilute délirer, v.intr. to rave, talk de-

liriously demain, adv. to-morrow demeurer, v.tr. to stay, to

live dent, n.s.f. tooth dentelle, n.s.f. lace dénuder, v.tr. to lay bare dépasser, v.tr. to outstrip (se) dépéoher, verb conj. refl. to

make baste déplaire, déplaisant, déplu, déplais, déplus, v.tr. to dis-

please déployer, v.tr. to unfold, dis-

play depuis, frep. and adv. siuce;

depuis que, conj. since déranger, v.tr. to distuxb dérobée (à la) stealthlly derrière, prep, behind dès, prep. from ; p. 10, 1. 3, dèa lors, from that time, consequently désaccord, n.s.m, disagreement descendre, descendant, descendu, descends, descendis, v.intr. to descend déshabiller, v.tr. to undress désolé, /. part, from désoler,

used as an adj., in despair désormais, adv. for the future dessous, adv. or prep. under;

au dessous de, prep. under dessus, adv. or prep. upon détacher, v.tr. to detach; se détacher sur, to stand out in relief against détour, n.s.m. winding, divergence détromper, v.tr. to undeceive devant, /r^^. before, in the présence of devenir, devenant, devenu, deviens, devins, v.intr, to be* corne deviner, v.tr. or intr, to guesi devoir, p. ^6, 1. 6, n.s.m. duty

VOCABULARY

devoir, devant, dû, dois, das {subj, doive) vJr, to owe ; it is also nsed as an auxiliary, and may often be translated by the English verb * to be * ; je dois aller, I am to go ; je devais aller, I was to go, <&c., je das, I had to

Diea, n.s.m, God

dimanche, n,s.m, Sunday

dire, disant, dit, dis, dis, vJr, and intr, to say, to tell

discours, n.s.tn, speech, sermon

disposer, vJr. to set in order

distraire, distrayant, distrait, distrais (no perfect) v.tr. to distraot, amuse

dit, 3rd sing. près, and perf, from dire, disant, dit, dis, dis, v,tr. to tell or say

doigt, n.s.m. finger

(me) donner raison, on p. 1, to décide in my f avonr

dont, a conjanctive pronoan used for the genitive of the relative pronoun of both genders and numbers ; it is derived from Latin *de,' * onde,' from whenoe

dorer, v,tr. to gnild

dormir, dormant, dormi, dors, dormis, vJntr. to sleep

dos, n,s.m, back

donceur, n»s.f, gentleness

douloureux, -se, adj, painful

doux, fem, douce, adj, sweet, gentle

droit, droite, adj. right, straight

drolatique, adj, f unny

drôle, adj, funny, also n.s,m.

rascal

dur, adj. hard

durcie, p.part.fem. from durcir, durcissant, durci, durcis, dur« cis, v.^r, to harden

dorer, v.intr. to last

éblouir, v.tr, to dazzle ébranler, v.tr, to shake, distorl»

écarter, v,tr, to remova, pat aside ; écartées, p. 25, 1. 16, wide apart

éclairer, v.tr. to lîght up

éclater, v.intr, to burst

s'écouler, v,conj.refi, to pass, slip by

écouter, v.tr, and intr, to listen

écraser, v.tr. to cmsh

écrire, écrivant, écrit, écris, écrivis, vJr. and intr. to write

écurie, n.s.f. stable

e£Froi, n.s.m. fright

e£Frontément,a{/v.boldly,8hame« lessly

égard, n.s.in considération

église, n.s.f. church

élever, v.tr, to bring up, rear»

educate

éloge, n.s.m, eulogy, praîse

éloigner, v.tr, to keep at a distance

émaner, v.intr. to proceed

embrasser, v.tr. to embrace

emmener, v.tr. to carry off

empêcher, v.tr, to prevent

emplâtre, n.s.fn, plaister

emplir, emplissant, empli, emplis, emplis, v.tr, to fill

•mpoigner, v.tr, to seize hold of

emportement, n.s.tn. passion, anger

empreinte, n.5.f, impression, foot-print

empressement, n.s.tn. eagemess

empresser (s'), v.conj.refl, to set to work, to busy oneself

emprunteur, /. emprunteuse, n.5. borrower, one who la in the habit of borrowing

ému, p.p, from émouvoir, to move, excite

en, either a prep, meaning in or whilst, or a pron, nsed as the genitive case of *it' or *its'; it may often be rendered in English by ' some '• (Lat. inde)

en plein, in ful|

VOCABULARY

enceinte, n^,f, enolosure encore, adv. Btill, yet endolori, adj. suffering from

pain endormir (s'), v.conj.rejl, io go

to sleep endosser, v,tr, to pat on (as

clothes) endroit, n.5.m. place enfin, adv, finally, at last enfoncer (s*), v, conj. refl, to

plunge engloutir, v.tr. to swallow up.

enhardir, v,ir. to embolden;

s'enhardir, same conj. refi.

to make bold enjambée, n.s/. stride enlever, vdr, to take away,

carry ofif ennuyer, v.tr. to worry, weary enrhumer, v.tr. to cause to take

cold; s'enrhumer, to catch

cold ensanglanté, -ée^part. nsed as

adj., bleeding enseigne, n.s.f. sign-board ensevelir, v.tr. to bury entassement, n.s.m. heaping np entende, près. subj. from entendre, entendant, entendu,

entends, entendis, v.tr. to

hear entourer, v.tr. to snrronnd entraînement, n.s.m. ardour,

vigoor B'entre-croiser, to cross each

other entrepreneur, n.s.m. contracter,

undertaker enverrons, fut. from envoyer,

v.tr. to send envie, n.s.f. envy, désire environ, adv. about ; environs,

n.m. pi. neighbourhood envoi, n.s.m. dispatch, remit-

tance, anything sent envoyer, v.tr. to send épais, épaisse, adj. thick épargner, v.tr. to spare épaule, n.s.f. bhoulJer

épineux, -se, adj. thorny épuiser, v.tr. to ezhaast escalader, v.tr. \o scale escalier, n.s.m. staircase espace, n.s.m. space essayer, v. tr. and intr, to

endpavour ; s'essayer, to make

trial estropié, p. par t. from estropier,

v.tr. to maim estropier, v.tr. to maim étang, n.s.m. pool éteignit, 3rd sing. perf. from

éteindre, éteignant, éteint,

éteins, éteignis, v.tr, to ex-

tinguish éteindre (s') v. coni.refl, to go

ont (as a fire) étendre, étendant, étendu,

étends, étendis, v.tr. to stretoh

out étincelle, n.s.f. spark étoffe, n.s.f. stuff, material étouffer, v.tr. and intr. to choke,

stifle étourdi, p.part. from étourdir,

to stun, v.tr. y also n.s.m. and

adj.f giddy-headed éveiUé, p.part. from éveiller,

wide awake exigeant, adj. exacting exploiter, v.tr. to turn to one'f

own advantage

fâcheux, adj. troublesome

façon, n.s.f. fashion, mauner

faim, n.sf. hunger

faire, faisant, fait, fais, fis {fut.

ferai, subj. fasse) v. tr. to do or make ; on p. 3, 1. 30, 'faire une lieue ' means : to go a league

falloir, v.iritr. to be necessary, used impersonally in the third person sing. only of its différent tenses : il faut, il fallait, il faudra, &q,

larine, n.s.f. fioqr

VOCABULARYi

faubourg, fi.5.ffi. suburb faufiler (se), v.canj, refi. to glide

stealtnily faut, from falloir, which see;

il ne nous en faut pas ici,

p. 13, 1. 30, we do not require

8uch bere faux, fausse, adj, false, also

faux, n,5.f. Scythe féerique, adv. fairy fendre, fendant, fendu, fends,

fendis, v.tr, to split, cleave fente, n.s.f, chink, crevice feras, /«^ o/ faire festin, n.5.m, festival, banquet feu, n.5.m, ôre feuillage, n,s.m. foliage feuille, n.s.f, leaf feutre, n.5.m, felt février, n.s.m, Februarj fidèle, adj, faithful fier, adj, proud fifre, n.s.m. fife figure, n.s.f, face filer, v,intr, to glide filet, n,s.m, net fit, Brd sing. perf. ind.from faire,

faisant, fait, fais, fis, v,tr. to

make, to do flageolant, fart, used as an adj,

tottering flamber, v.intr, to blaze flâner, v.intr, to stroll flèche, n.5.f. arrow fleurir, vÀntr, to flower, blossom flot, n,5.m, flood, tide, wave fluxion (de poitrine), congestion

or inflammation of the lungs fois, n,5.f, time ; with regard to

répétition, as * plusieurs fois,'

several times, &c.

fondre, fondant, fondu, fonds,

fondis, v,tr, and intr, to

melt force (à force de), by dint of fossé, n,s,tn, ditch fou, fem. folle, adj, mad fouet, n,s,m, whip fouiller, v,tr, and intr, to searoh

by feeling

fourchette, n,s.f, fork

fourneau, n,s,tn. kitchen-stoTé

fourrer, v,tr. to thmst

foyer, n,5.m. hearth, fire-plaoa

frais, n,5,m, (pL) expenses

frais, fraîche, adj. fresh

franchissait, Srd sing. imperf, from franchir, franchissant, franchi, franchis, franchis, v.tr, to pass over

frapper, v,tr. to strike

frajeur, n,s.f. fright

frénésie, n.5.f, frenzy ; avec frénésie, frantioally

fripon, n,5,m, rascal

friponnerie, n.5.f, trick, rascally action

frire, v.tr, to fry

froid, adj, cold

froisser, v,ir, to rumple

fromage, n,5.m. cheese

fumée, n.5,f, smoke

fumier, n,5.m, dung-hill

furent, Zrd pi, perf, ind, from être, to be

fusil, n,s,m, gun

fusse, imp, subj. from être, tobe (which Bce)

gagner, v.tr, (p. 85, 1. 81), to<

reach gagner, v,tr, to gain, to eam;

p. 2, 1. 22, il gagnait sa vie,

he was earning his livelihood galant, n.s.m, smart gentleman galon, n.s.m, lace border gambader, v.intr. to sport, leap

abont garçon, n.s.m, boy, waiter garde-robe, n.s.f. wardrobe garnir, v.tr. to f umish, on p. 1 5%