CHAPITRE IL
15 Tour, note the différence of tour, mase., and tour, fem. ; the latter derived from Latin turris, the former from Italian torno. Latin tornus, with the meaning of tuni« triok, joumey, trip, tuming lathe.
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158 HOTBS.
P»g« Une
S, 17 Qu*4si Ci que c^est, etc. ; note the eoBicmpinoiu tont expressed by qu*est-ci, whafs tiiat, not qui ist celuilà, who is ihat ?
24 Instinctivement. Adverbe are formed in Frenohbyaddîng ment to the adjective if it ends in a Yowel, as : sagement, poli-ment, absolu-ment. If the adjeotiye ends in a oonsonant, 70a add ment to the féminine form, as: heureux — heureusement. There are several exceptions which will be noted as they occnr. (See note to p. 5, 1. 29.) The suffiz ment, is the Latin mente, " with the intention."
26 Cet. The mascnline form ce takes a t before wordi beginning with a Yowel or mute h, as cet homme, to avoid the hiatos which woold be caosed by two open vowels.
26 Accueil, réception. Lat. ad-colligo.
28 Esprit, mind. The word esprit, althongh derived from the Latin spiritus, has rarely the meaning of ** Bpirit," except in the expression Le Saint Esprit, or when taken in conjonction with another sntistantive, as esprit de corps — esprit de vtn, etc., etc.; it mor« oommonly has the meaning of mind, wit, intelligence.
28 Troublé, disturbed. Trouble, n.B., and troubler, v.tr., ean
seldom be rendered by the English word " trouble." — The Latin derivative turbula, dim. of turba, a crowd, shows its meaning to be rather disturbance, confusion, such as is produced by a crowd ; de Veau troublé, du vin troublé^ muddy water, thick wine. The English word " trouble " is rendered in French by peine.
29 Vous faisiez, you were celebrating.
29 Ça se trouve bien, that is fortunate.
9, 5 Qui a dix lieues, etc.^ who has walked ten leagues. The
French league is of 4 kilomètres, and is equal to
about 2) miles English, 11 Plafond, ceiling. Deriy. plat, flat, and fond, sarfao«- 14 Ail. The plural of ail is aulx, 18 Fricasse-nous, fry for us. Of. Shakespeare " Taming of
the Shrew," Act L, Scène H., ** Enock me hère
soundly."
24 APavait amené, had madt me sit down.
25 Appuyé, supported. Etym. L. Latin appodiare, to prop
up, from cul podium, a height or élévation. The French word puy, mound, eminence (Puy de Dôme), comes from podium, which has the meaning of a low of seats raised one OYor the other.
Fl^« Lln«
9, 26 D*utte cinquantaine tPannêeSt loms 50 yean old. The addition of aine to certain mimerais in French bas the meaning of that number or thereabout. The nmnerals to which it oan be added are : huit, dix (making dizaine)^ douze, quinze, vingt, trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, and cent; huitaine and quinzaine are used respectively with the signification of a week (8 days), and a fortnight (15 days). The Word neuvatne is ezclasively nsed for a space of nine days, set apart for some act of dévotion.
99 Reçue, In the féminine to agrée with que, the direct object preceding the yerb, que itself referring to blessure, which is féminine.
10, 1 Assiette, a plate. Etym. doubtfol. M. Littré sn^ests siet, from Lat. situs, sitnated ; but the connection is difficult to see. The Bcotch still retain the French Word ashet for a dish.
2 La motte entière, the whole lump. Etym. Italian motta,
a heap of ground.
5 ye ne pensais plus aux cripes» Penser, rêver and songer are foUowed by the dative case in French, instead of by the genitive as in English.
12 Ce que c^ était un pire, what a father really was.
22 Je me hâtai. Observe the circumflex accent hère, and in the word arrêtant in Une 25, betokenlng, as usual, the omission of the letter s, which existed in the old form of the word in French, and which still exists in the English words haste and arrest.
28 Baissant les yeux. For the use of the definite article hère instead of possessive adjective, see note page 1,
89 Si, I beg your pardon. Si is used as an answer in the affirmative with the object of contradicting a preceding négative, as : Vous n*êtes pas le père de cet enfant/ 8i Je le suis. Si bas the meanmg of ainsi and is derived from the Latin sic,
83 Si encore il ne mangeait pas, if he only did not eat, i,e,, require feedmg, he would not cost so much to
II, 1 y e n* avais pas envie, Ih&à no désire.
S ye me fâche, I shall get angry For circumflex accent seê note on line 22, page IQ. Cf. the Scotch expression, " to fash oneself .**
9 Un coup d'oeil, a glance. The word coup is used, ^ in conjunction with many others, with the signification of a stroke, a sudden action — as, coup d'air, a chill eaught in a draught ; coup d'essai, anythingproduced M a fresh attempt, coup de grâce, finishing strok« ;
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l6o NOTIS.
Pact Um
coup d$ fusil, gnn ahot ; coup de tonturrê^ dap of thunder ; coup de tête, an inconsiderate action ; and many others.
tl, 18 Armoire, a onpboard. Etym. arme, which in its proper signification is derîved from the Greek âpta, to adapt or fit — Bomething adapted, fittedto the pnrpose. Thèse three words are often confused : — armure, armonr; armoire, a cnpboard; armoiries, armoriai bearingi (coat of arms, orest, &c.), 28 Et qu*on est tranquille, and becanse one is easy in one's mind ; for que, pat for parce que in foregoing clause, see note on page 1, line 16.
24 Or, now 1 an adverb freqnently osed to introdnce a claoM
ref erring to or explaining something that has been said. The old French form of the word is ore or ores, and it is deriyed from Latin hora, as are also encore, alors, lors, lorsque, dorénavant, and désor^ mais.
25 De plus, besides.
la, 1 Je ne saurais, I cannot. The woi-ds savoir, oser, and pouvoir, can be negatived by ne, withoat pas followmg. llie conditional of savoir, saurais, which ia yery common as a négative form with the sensé of " I cannot possibly," neyer takes/a^ after it. 8 Au pas lent, by the slow step,
6 Étouffée, low, suppressed, stifled-
7 jfe n*eus garde de répondre, I took care not to answer*
Notice that avoir garde and se garder imply a négative after them, thonghnot ezpressed in French.
8 Mon oreille. Oreille is fem., but for euphony the
masc. form mon, ton, and son précède a noun of the féminine gender beginning with a vowel.
10 Son habitude, See preceding note.
15 Aux Enfants Trouvés, to the Foondling Hospital. 27 A vous fendre le cœur, so that it went to yonr yery heark IM, 8 Voilà ce quHl y aura gagné, that is ail he can hâve gained by not being sent there sooner.
11 Reprit, resmned, went on to say
14 Ce quHl y a de sûr, what is certain is, ete. The genitive of qoantity is derived from the Latin " qoid novi,*' quoi de nouveau, *<nil boni/' rien de bon, "ecqnid novi ? " jf a-t-il quelque chose de nouveau ? etc.
19 Le nôtre, and in lines 20 and 21, le mien and le tien. Note that the possessive pronoim is always nreceded by a definite article, and in the first and second plural is distinguished from the possessive adjectiva by a circumflex accent, as: possessive adjeotivee, notre, our, votre, your ; possessive pronouna, le nôtre, ours, le vitre, yourg.
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NOTKSi l6>
IS, 81 Uh hrati enfant, a good boy. Bravê is one of thoM adjectives ol whlch the signification yaries aocording aB it is placed bel ore or af ter the substantive : — un brave hommes a good fellow; un homme brave^ a brave man ; un pauvre musicieut a sorry mnsician; un musicien pauvre, onewho is inpoor oircomstancef (and many others).
X%, 10 Nigaud, a simpleton ; etymology donbtfol.
11 De beaux langes, When an adjeotiye précédai ita snb- Btantiye the partitive article is omitted, and de alone nsed, whatever may be the gender or nnmber of thê substantive. 01. same Une, des dentelles, where thera is no preoeding adjective.
11 Langes, swaddling dothes, from Lai. lana, wool, as lingi is derived trom linum, linen.
16 Que les femmes, etc., how obstinata women are 1 Note the différence between the English and French forms, the adjective in English baing placed next to the interjectîonal adverb.
Ift Assez causé, we hâve had enough talking. Causer has tha simplification of to chat, from the Latin causari, to go to law, to dispate.
IS, 14 y aurais peut-être dû te faire connaître la vérité, perhaps I onght to hâve let yoa know the tmth.
19 Comme Jérôme allait à son travail et quHl passait ; for que introducing second clause, see note on page 1, Une 16.
Si Vembrasure, the openîng. The ori^^al meaning of embrasure was (as aie meaning of the word is actually in EngUsn) an opening through whlch cannon were pointed at the enemy, which has snggested as the etymology of the word, embraser, to set on lire. M. Littré, however, considers this atym. doubtfol.
24 II faisait petit Jour, day was jast beg^nnîng to dawn. &•, 8 Le commissaire de police, AngUcô, to the poUea station. Commissaire, any one oharged with spécial temporary fonctions.
6 Langes et linges. Gf. note on page 14, Une 11.
14 Un bel enfant. The masculine form of beau, osad to précède a vowel for eni>hony.
80 Me cramponnant d elle^ oUnging to her. Crampon is a olamp or pièce of iron bent at the and for the purpose of holding things together.
iT, 1 Qui Vont monté, which hâve mada him angiy.
i Quand il rentrera. Nota the future tansa hara, which might be rendered in English bv the présent, '* when he comes in *' ; in Frenclb tha future tensa la alwayi
i6a iroTBs.
VtofftLiM
nsed for any action to ioke place ai a faton tfme,
as : je sortirai quand il aura cessé de pleuvoir, I will
go out when it nos left oO. raining.
&7, 7 Le nez. Fox use of definite article instead cl possessive
adjectiye see note ou page 1, Une 12.
10 Profondément. For the acute acoent see note on précisé-
menti page 5, Une 29.
17 Eût été^ would hâve been. For aurait été. The imper-
fect snbj. of the anxilîaries être and avoir isoftcm
employed for the oonditional.
21 Btibècher, to hinder. Etym. Lat. impedicare, from in
and pedica, a trap.
22 Qu'était-ce que VhoTpice ? What was the Foondling Hos>
pital ? For u followed by que see note on page 7. Une 21.
