EN WITH PRESENT PASTICIPLES

En rti 'approchant En apercevant

En remontant En regardant

En montrant une terreur évidente En mettant pied à terre

En haussant les épaules En suivant

1. With a smite my traveling-companion showed me a house. 2. " There is the inn," he said with a shrug. 3. As he spoke, he looked at the house. 4. We went toward it chatting. 5. " Do we stop hère ?" I asked, as I looked at it. 6. " You know," he replied, showing uncertainty. 7. "Very well," I replied as I dismounted, "we can't find a better place." 8. As we approached the house we saw a man. 9. On seeing us he showed évident fear. 10. We went toward him smiling. 11. He approached us slowly, showing a certain distrust.

IMPERATIVES

1. Corne with me. 2. Let us see what must be donc. 3. Do not think of (à) me any more. 4. Do not lose timc. 5. Speak lower, for heaven's sake. 6. Be good enough to sing me something. 7. Wait for me in the corner of the room. 8. Let me do

Digil^db, GoOgIC

it alone. 9. Hâve no uneasiness (Incertitude). 10. Be reasonable. 11. Listen to me. 12. Well, let's go. 13. Be good enough to tell me where you are going. 14. Manage (arranger) as you can. 15. Promise me to (de) do it. 16. Tell me, my child, hâve you seen my sister ? 17. Let us go live in Paris. 18. Keep a little in the rear (en arrière). 19. Get out I

In expressions oftime: au bout d'une heure.

Place where : à l'entrée de la gorge, à la main, à une lieue d'ici.

Place to which : il courut au hangar.

Dative object : je dis au guide, réservé au beau sexe.

In descriptive phrases : cheveux noirs à reflets bleus, robe à paillettes.

In phrases in doser connection with the noun described : montre à répétition, arme à feu, salle à manger.

After certain verbs, the English meaning of which does not suggest its use : songer à, ta dream of; demander à, to ask, inquire of; résister, to resist; promettre, to promise; croire a, to beiieve in ; penser à, to think of\ s'intéresser à, to taie an

1. 1 promised my friend a good dinner. 2. I bought a coat with gold buttons. 3. We reached Paris in the middle of the night 4. I bought it in Paris. 5. I am going to the little village. 6. It is a city two hours (distant) from (de) home (chei noua). 7. The man asked the little girl where her mother was. 8. The little girl replîed to him that her mother had gone to the church. 9. Two leagues from hère there is a large city. ro. I am hunting for a house in the neighborhood of the city. 11. Twenty feet from the house there was a shed. 12. I was always thinking of the country. 13. I thought of her ofteo.

1 4. They are much interested in you. 1 5 . This table is reserved for me. 16. I dream often of the end. 17. He resisted ail our entreaties (prière). 18. They could not offer résistance to the robbers. 19. He has a gun in his hand. 20. I hâve a wound (ploie) in my foot. 21. I said to him ; I was saying to them. 22. I asked the man where the dining-room was. 23. I am thinking of dinner. 24. I was dreaming of dinner myself. 25. We take an interest in watches. 26. I do not believe in robbers.

Correct and idiomaric use of prépositions in any foreign language is possible only for those who give careful attention to the examples — preferabry in the texts read. Some rules are of use, but they serve only to guide one in a gênerai way.

Note the following uses of en :

En Andalousie, en Espagne, en Orient, en Portugal, en France, en Amérique, but dans les Provinces. En chapelle, en prison, en pays étranger, en poche, en ce pays, en pareille occasion, en ce moment, en moi, tout en noir, en basque, en langue basque, en grand péril, en colère, en ce jour-là. Se mettre en campagne, mettre en doute, se mettre en chemin, sauter en pied, tenir en suspens, se mettre en route.

i. I like a good bed, but I hâve never found it in any inn. z. The dog had lain down in a corner of the stable. 3. I had followed the dog into the stable. 4. Soon I went back into the house. 5. Where is the horse? In the stable. 6. A girl (jeune fille) in (enveloppée dans) a blue coat came into the café. 7. The man did not see her. He was absorbed (absorber) in his sad thoughts. 8. She saîd a few words in a tanguage unknown to me. 9. Then they sat down in a corner of the café.

10. She was young and pretty, and she had a flower in -her hair.

1 1. When she went out, the man followed her into the street

Some verbs are followed by prépositions in English but are merely transitive in French.

demander, to ask for écouter, to tisten to

regarder, to look ai chercher, to look for, hunt

payer, to payfor attendre, to watt for

1. Ask for it. z. I ask you for pardon. 3. I beg your pardon. 4. What are you asking for? 5. Hâve you asked for a book ? 6. " Look at it," he said, looking at me. 7. Look at that horse there. 8. I hâve paid for the book. 9. 1 will not pay for the book. 10. You will pay for it. n. Look at that man. iî. He has paid for them. 13. I will not listen to you. 14. What are you looking for? 15. I am looking for my French book. 16. Where hâve you looked for it? 17. Hâve you looked in your hand for it ? 18. Wait for me hère. 19. We will wait for the guide, z o. The guide is wait ing for us. ai. Do not wait for the children. zz. We hâve not waited for them. Z3. They are looking for our books.

Digil^db, GoOgIC

Some verbs are transitive in Eiiglish but in French are f ollowed by de.

s'approcher de se souvenir de

avoir peur de se servir de

avoir besoin de s'apercevoir de

1. We are approaching the house. 2. Do not be afraid of the dog. 3. I am not afraid of him. 4. The dog is afraid of us. 5. We do not need you any longer. 6. They hâve no further need of us. 7. Vou will need us to-morrow. 8. I shall always rcmember this day. 9. Can't you remember those friends? 10. I remembered some slices of ham. n. Are you using your book ? 12. Don't use your books now. 13. We are not using thcm. 14. I noticed the book on the table. 15. Vou notice the guides who are waiting for us. 16. Hâve you noticed the trees?

EBFLEZIVS VEBBS

s'arrêter

s'écrier

se promener

s'approcher (de)

se tourner

se hâter

se reposer

se mettre

se perdre

s'élever

se coucher

s'ouvrir

se lever

s'étendre

s'appeler

s'avancer (vers)

se réveiller

se trouver

s'empresser

se décider

se rapprocher

s'asseoir

1. I started out with my guide. 2. We proceeded into the mountains and decdded to stop there. 3. We were resting, when the guide suddenly rose. 4. " Wake up I " he cried. 5. I had stretched out, but I turned and saw a man advancing toward us. 6. The man stopped and sat down near us. 7. " Do not get up," he saicl to me. S. I rose and approached the stranger. 9. Then I stopped, tumed toward the guide, and exclaimed:

" It's our friend, the old fariner I " 10. " Yes," said the farnier, " I was walking in the moun tains, and I got lost" ri. " Stretch yourself out on the grass and rest"

Il faut que j'y aille II faut aller à la prison Il te faudra travailler

i. I must know. 2. He must know. 3. It is necessary to find him. 4. He must be found. 5. You must start 6. You wîll hâve to leave. 7. What was to be done ? 8. One must eat. 9. They had to go. 10. You must stay. 11. They must rest 12. One must see everything. 13. He has had to work. 14. I had to corne. 15. We had to answer.

SE METTRE À AMD FABtE

Nous ferons rendre votre belle montre, we will hâve your beautiful watch retumed.

Pour faire pendre un pauvre diable, to hâve a poor fellow kanged.

1 . They make themselves understood. 2. Every one who was there started to laugh. 3. I had some oranges brought. 4. She started to dance and sing. 5. We will hâve a meal brought for the poor fellow. 6. He started to smoke without any hésitation. 7. She picked out an orange and started to eat it. 8. Hâve the money retumed to the woman. 9. I started to run without knowing where. ro. Hâve the man waiL

VOCABULARY

ABBREVIATIONS

sdv aàverb

art. article

conj cenj uni lion

def dtfiniti

Kng. Engltsh

impers imper tonal

ind. indicative

indef indefinttt

intenog. . . . •nterrogative

intj mierjection

ni masculint

num numéral

part participle

pass passive

pers ptrsonal

pi plural

poss possessive

prep préposition

près présent

pron proneun

rel. »&tiM

sing singutar

Sp Spanith

syll syllables

(t) before word means that ^-b or // has tne liquid sound.

(|) means that fi is pronounced like i.

{') means that word has initial aspirais sound

VOCABULARY

« près. ind. jd ring, cf «voir.

à prefi. to, for, at, on, in, into, with,

of, from, by, as, a, about, away,

according to.

«baisser tr. to lower, depress;

s'abaisser to lower oneself, falL abandonner tr. to abandon, Icave,

let go.

abâtardissement m. détérioration, abattement m. déjection, discourage ment.

abattre tr. to bring down, shoot,

knock down, felL abattu -e adj. prostrate, dejected.

s'abîmer to sink.

abolir tr. to abolish, annuL abondant -0 adj. rich, libéral, abord m. access; d'abord first, at

first ; d'abord que as soon as.

aborder tr. to approach, touch,

board, address.

abreuvoir m. watering-trough.

abri m. shelter; a l'abri shel-

tered.

absence/, absence.

absent -e adj. away, gone.

absolu -e adj. absolute, complète, absolument adv. absolutely.

absorbé -e adj. engrossed.

accablé -e adj. overwhelmed.

accabler tr. to overpower, heap.

accéléré -e adj. quick.

accepter tr. to accept.

accident m. accident.

acclamation/ shouting.

taccompagner tr. to accompany,

attend, go al on g.

accompli -e adj. perfect, thorough,

faultless. accomplir tr. to fulflll, vîndicate.

accord m. agreement, harmony ;

d'accord agreed; tomber d'accord

to corne to an agreement.

accorder tr. to grant, tune.

s'accouder to lean on the elbow.

accourir intr. (aux. être) to run up,

accoutré -e adj. dressed, equipped, s'accoutumer to grow accus-

accrocbé -e adj. hung.

accroupi -e adj. squatting.

laccueillir tr. to receive, welcome.

accuser tr. to accuse, acharné -e adj. bloody.

s'acharner to attack furiously,

be bent upon.

acheter (achèt- btfare mut! lyll.)

tr. to buy, purchas

iço

•chevet (acbèr- Ufort mute tyll.) tr. to finish.

acier m. steel.

acolyte m. follower, companion.

acquérir tr. to acquire, attain.

s'acquitter to do, perforai, discharge, dischatge an obligation.

action / act, action, battle.

activité / vigor.

adieu adv. or m. farewell ; pi.

adjudant m. adj ut an t.

administrateur m. commissioner.

administration / office.

admirablement adv. admirably.

admiiation / admiration, admiré -e adj. admired.

admirer tr. to wonder at.

adopter tr. to adopt, to accept.

s'adosser to lean one's back against ; auquel on est adossé

adoncisMtnent m. alleviation.

adresse / address, skill.

adresser tr. to address; s'adresser

a. to speak to, appeal to ; adresser

la parole to say, speak.

adroit -e adj. skillfut, de ver.

adversaire m. adversary.

affaire/ thing, aff air, battle, action,

engagement, business, case ;

avoir affaire à to hâve to do with ;

efor.

affamé -e adj. hungry. affecter tr. to move, assut

feign.

affectionner tr. to be fond of.

affermi -e adj. firm\y planted.

affiché -e adj. posted.

affligé m. afflicted.

affreux -se adj. frightfuL

afin de prtp. or afin que conj. for

or with the purpose of, that, to

the end that.

africain -e adj. African.

Africain m. African.

Afrique/. Africa.

âge m. âge, âgé -e adj. old.

t s' agenouiller to kneeL

agilité/, activity.

agir inir. to do, act ; s'agir de impers, to be about, be a question of.

agité -e adj. swayed, rough.

agiter tr. to shake, wave, agitate:

s'agiter to move, struggle, move about, dance about.

agonie f. death-struggle.

agréable adj. pleasant, goodlooking.

agréablement adv. agreeably.

agrément m. consent, charm.

agriculture / agriculture.

'ah int/.orm.àhl

aide m. assistant; aide de camp aide-de-camp.

aide/ aid, help; être en aide to

aiglon m. or/, eaglet.

aigu -ë adj. keen, piercing, sharp.

aile / wing.

VOCABULARY

tailleurs adv. elsewhere, other-

wise; (î'aiJleniH besides, how-

ever, othervrise.

aimable adj. agreeable.

aimant m. magnet ; pierre d'aimant

loadstone.

aimé -e adj. beloved.

aimer tr. to love, like, cnjoy;

aimer mieux to prefer.

aillai adv, or cmj. t hus, so, as, j us t as ; sinni qne as well as, like.

ait m. air, atmosphère ; look, man- 11er ; tune ; avoir l'ail to seem.

aise adj. glad.

aise / case ; i son aise ai ease.

ajouter tr. to add.

ajuster tr. to take aim, aim at.

alarmé -e adj. alaimed, startled.

alarmer tr. to frighten.

alcade m. magistrale.

aldea (■§>.)/ small village.

alentour adv. around ; d'alentour surrounding, round about.

alentours m. pi. viçjnity.

alguazil (Sf) m. policeman.

alité -a adj. bedridden.

allée / passageway, corridor.

Allemagne / Germany.

allemand -e adj. Gennan.

allemand m. German language.

aller intr. {aux. être) to go, be going to; draw (chimney); s'en aller to départ ; allons corne.

alliance / relationship.

allumé -e adj. lighted.

allumer tr. to light.

alors adv. then.

altéré -e adj. changed.

amadou m. tînder.

amande / almond.

amant m. lover, amante/, sweetheart.

enthusiast, " fan." âme / soûl, inind.

amen adv. or m. amen, amener (ameii- btfore mute *yH-)

tr. to bring, lead, induce.

amèrement adv. bitierly.

Amérique / America, ameublement m. fumiture.

ami m. friend.

amie /. friend.

amnistie / amnesty.

amorce / priming, priming-tube.

amour m. love.

amourette /. love-affair.

amoureu-z -se adj. 'va love, love-,

a mour-propre m. self -esteem, pride.

amphithéâtre ni. amphitl eater.

amputer tr. 10 a m p u t at e ,o] 'e rate on. amusement m. amusement.

amuser tr. to amuse ; s'amuser to enjoy oneself .

ancien -ne adj. ancient, old, former; plus ancien ranking.

ancienne/ tbe oldest. anciennement a dv. in ancien! times.

ancre / anchor.

andalCKU -e adj. Andalusian.

Andalous «. Andalusian.

Andalouse / Andalusian woman.

âne ">. donkey.

anéanti -e adj. dazed.

ange m. angel.

anglais -e adj. English.

anglais m, English language.

Anglais m. English man.

ânier m. donkey-driver.

animal m. beast.

animé -a adj. animated.

animer tr. to animale ; l'animai to grow animated.

aniaette /. aniaette.

anneau m. ring.

année / year.

annonça /. notice.

annoncé -e adj. advertised.

annoncer (annonç- be/ore i wo) (r. to announce, introduce ; indi cale, proclaim, betray, give promise of ; s'annoncer to begin.

anonyme m. anonymous writer, anonymous, unknown.

antagoniste m. opponent.

anthropophage m. cannibat, antichar bre / anteroom.

antique adj. ancient anxiété /. appréhension.

apaiser tr. to appease.

apercevoir tr. to observe, see;

s'apercevoir de to become aware

of, notice, apostropher tr. to address.

apparaître intr. to appear.

fappareUler intr. to get under saiL apparence / appearance, show;

en apparence apparently.

apparition /. vision.

appartenir intr. to belong.

appel m. roll-caU.

appeler (appell- btfore mute syll)

tr. to call, to name; s'appeler to

be called or named.

appétissant -e adj. tempting.

applaudissement m. applause.

applicable adj. applicable.

application/ fitness.

appliquer tr. to fit, fis, at-

tach.

apporter tr. to bring, bring to.

apprendre tr. to leam, teach, tell,

infoim.

apprenti m.prentice, dabbler.

apprêt M. préparation.

apprivoisé -e adj. ttactable.

apprivoiser tr. to tame.

approche / approach.

approcher intr. or tr. to approach,

semble; s'approcher to draw near ; s'approcher de to draw

approvisionner tr. to snpply.

appui m. support; point d'appui

center of movetnent.

appuyé -e adj. leaning, upon.

appuyer tr. to support, lean, beat

nptiafirep.oradtr. after, afterward;

d'après according to.

après-demain ado. or m. day after

to-morrow.

aquilin -e adj. aquiline.

arbre m. tree.

arbrisseau ta. small tree, shrub.

1 archéologique adj. archeological I archéologue m. archeologist.

ardent -e adj. blazing, burning.

arène / arena.

argent m. money, silver.

argot m. jargon, slang, argument m. argument.

armateur m. ship-owner.

VOCABULARV

arme/ arm, weapon, gun, sword;

uni* 1 feu fi rearm.

armé -e adj. armed, equipped.

armer tr. to arm, cock.

arracher tr. to pluck away, taie

away, snatch, rouse ; s'arracher

arranger (arrange- tç^rv a or o) rr.

to arrange, adjuSt, settle ; s'arranger to plan, manage.

arrêter tr. to stop, prevent ; arrest;

agrée upon ; commit robbery ;

«'arrêter to stop, hesitate.

arrière adv. behiiid ; en arrière be-

hind, backwards, back ; arrière

de behind.

arrière m. stem (of a boat).

arrière-garde / rear-guard.

arriver intr. {aux. être) to corne,

arrive; happen, strike.

arroser tr. to sprinkle, arsenic m. arsenic.

art m. art.

article m. point in question.

articulé -e adj. articulate, con-

artifice m. craft, firewoiks.

tartillerie / artillery.

ascendant m. influence.

asile m. retreat.

aspect m. appearance.

aspirer tr. to give the aspirate

sound to.

t assaillir tr. to attack.

assassin m. assassin.

assassinat m. murder.

aasant m. assault.

assemblée /. audience.

assembler fi

to assemble ;

asséné -e adj. dealt.

s'asseoir to ait down.

assez adv. enough, sufficiently, ratber, sornewhat.

assiette /. plate.

assis -e adj. seated.

assister intr, to be présent, witness (à).

association / organization.

associer tr. to attach, take into partnership ; s'associer to join.

assoupi -e adj. hushed up.

assoupir tr. to make drowsy; s'assoupir to fall asleep. doze.

assoupissant -e adj. soporifle.

assourdissant -e adj. deafening.

assuré -e adj. sure, confident.

assurément adv. certainly.

assurer tr. to assure ; s'assurer to

athéisme m. atheism.

atroce adj. shocking.

attachant -e adj. fascinating.

attaché « adj. fixed, fastened, attached, devoted-

attacher tr. to attach, tix, fasten.

attaque / attack.

attaquer tr. to attack, assail.

attardé -e adj. belated.

atteindre tr. to overtake, reach.

atteinte / blow ; reach.

attelé ■« adj. hamessed.

attenant -e adj. adjoining.

attendant -e adj. waiting ; en attendant till.

attendre tr. to wait for, expect, await ; s'attendre to expect. ■

attente / wait, waiting.

11 / attention, care, kind-

iirss, heed; faire attention to

heed, to consîder.

.attesté -e adj. attested.

attester tr. to attest , bear witness to ■ attifé -e adj. togged up, dressed.

attirer tr. to draw, lure, draw npon,

attiact ; s'attirer to acquire.

attitude /. posture, attrait m. taste, inclination.

attraper (attrapp- before mute sylt. )

tr. to catch, deceive, swindle.

attribuer tr. to attribate.

au (contraction for à le) cooked

auberge / inn.

aubergiste m. innkeeper.

aucun -e adj. pron. no, an y ; ne

. . . aucun no ; aucun ne not one.

audace f, daring, boldness.

an delà adv. beyond.

au dessus adv. above ; au-dessus

de above.

an devant adv. before; au -devant

de before.

augmeuter tr. to increase.

augure m. prophecy.

Augustin m. Augustine. aujourd'hui adv. or m. to-day; des

atijorad'liui this verj day.

aumône / alms.

aune / yard.

auparavant adv. previously.

auprès adv. near; auprès de near

to, to, with, amoug.

auquel contraction for a lequel aussi cottj. adv. also, too, so ; aussi

aussitôt adv. straightway ; aussitôt que as son as.

austère adj. strict, stern.

autant adv. as much, as many, aa long; autant . . . que.as much

auteur m. author.

authenticité/, truth.

automne m.orf. autumn.

autoriser tr. to justïfy.

autorité / authority.

autour adv. around; autour de

around.

autre adj. or pron. other, another ;

l'un et l'autre both.

autrefois adv. furmerly.

autrement adv. otherwise.

aux (contraction for à les) cooked

avaler tr. to swallow.

avance/ projection, s tart ; d'avance or à l'avance beforehatid.

avancé -e adj. advanced.

avancer (avanç- btfort a or e) tr.

or intr. to advance, put forward ; a'avancer to advance, ap-

avant adv. or prcp. before; avant que conj. before ; ai avant so far ;

avant in front.

avant m. bow (of a ship).

avantage m. vie toi y ; avoir l'avantage to hâve the better of it.

avantageux -so adj. ad vantageous, profitable, favorable.

avant-pute m. sentineL

avarie / damage, injury.

Ave (Lot.) m. Aie; Ave Maria Ave

avec prcp. witl).

Ave Maria ta Ave.

VOCABULARY

:, undertaking, ven. e, good fortune ; dire la bonne

e to tell {one's) fortune; t random.

aventureu-x -se adj. adventurous.

aversion / dislike.

avertir tr. to inform, give warning.

avis m. advice, information; a mon avis in my opinion.

•viser tr. to espy; s'aviser to bethink oneself, think, présume, take into one's lie ad.

avocat m. advocate, lawyer.

avoir tr. or tensi aux. to hâve, posaess ; il y a there is, there are, for, ago ; avoir affaire a to hâve to do with ; avoir affaira de to hâve use for ; avoir l'air to seem ; avoir bon marché to dispose of easily 1 avoir envia to wish ; avoir faim to be hungiy; avoir lien to take place, hâve cause ; avoir peur to be af raid ; avoir provision to be equipped ; avoir raison to berïght; n'avoir rien to be mil; avoir soif to be thirsty; avoir tort to be wrong.

avouer tr. to avow, admit.

axiome m. rule.

aiure -e adj. blued.

babine / lip, chops.

bagage m. baggage. bagatelle / trifle.

bagne / ring.

baguette /. drumstick.

I bahl

bai-e adj. bay.

baïonnette / bayonet.

baisemains m. pi. compliments, respects, acknowledgments.

baisement m. kissing.

baiser tr. to kiss.

baiser m. kiss.

baissé -e adj. lowered, bowed, do wn cas t.

baisser tr. to lower, to bow ; se baisser to lower oneself, stoop.

bal m. dance ; pi. bals.

balai m. broom.

balancer (balanç- bifore a or 0) tr.

to balance ; sa balancer to sway,

balayer tr. to sweep.

balbutier tr. or itttr.

balcon m. balcony.

baliverne / trifle, r

balle / butlet, shot ; balle morte

spent bal).

ballot m. bâte, ballottant -e adj. swinging to and

fro.

ballotter tr. to toss.

ban m. proclamation.

banc m. bench.

bande / strip, girth ; throng,

bander tr. to bind up, bandage.

banderilla (Sf.) /. or banderille/

banderilla, dart with a streamer.

banderillero (Ap-) m. banderillero.

bandit m. bandit, outlaw, bandoulière / shoulder-belt ; en

bandoulière slung over the shoul-

der.

bannière / banner.

baobhù m. baobab-tree.