V.iCl

(1) Bancroft, V. 325.

(2) Ibid. V. 324.

(3) Ibid. V. 429.

(4) Ibid. V, 219.

l-^' MIGRATIOX OF THE ^'AHUAS. 339

be coiisidered as a coiTuption of « Acoma » wliich aooording to the traditions of the Pueblos ofNew Mexico was if notthe first, yet the principal pueblo, built there « when their ancestors arrived from the East (1) ; also that the tribal name Navajoe the bearers of which formerly were Pueblo Indians, is a transparent « Nahuahua. »

If the foregoing exphmation settîes definitely the locahty of Amaquemecan and Oztotlan, a great point is gained. For the southern descent-theory falls to the ground and doubt can no longer be entertained. that the Nahuas were the Mound-builders of the Mississipi valley, whence they emigrated, the 'Olmecs along the Sea coast to Panuco, and the eastern Part of Mexico, the Toltecs, to Huehue Tlapallan or Tulan Zuiva, (the colder land of the Popol Vuh) that is : to the mountain territory, to the iipper Rio Grande del Norte and Rio Colorado, and thence after a long stay, by land to Anahuac. Ixlilxochitl's account of their migration route is as follows (2) :

The Toltecs, driven ont of Huehue Tlapallan by civil wars (towards the end of the 4*^ century of our era ?) move in a westerly direction, 60 leagues, to Tlapallanconco (northeni Sinaloa and Sonora on the Rio Yaqui, where distinct traces of the Nahua language exist ?) ; thence after H years they go to Hueyxalan, 70 leagues distant (perhaps in the northern part of Durango, where the Tepehuana language shows strono. jNahua affinities) ; thence to Xalisco in the coast, 100 leagues jdistant ; thence to Ghimalhuacan Atenco on the coast 'opposite some islands, 100 leagues (opposite the islands in the southern end of Gulf of Galifornia) ? In that case they did undoubtedly suffer a reverse in Xalisco, where they touched upon the more thickly populated and civilized country, and

(1) Bancroft, III. 172.

(2) Ibid. V, 212.

oiO COXGP.ÈS UES AMÉUICAMSTES. 16

by which they were forced to retire) ; thenee eastward, 80 leagues, to Toxpan (in Ihe neiyhborhood of llie Laguna de Tlahuila and on the upper Sabina river). In that country there is even now a tribe Tochos (1), and the Tarahumara languag^e, there spoken, shows distinct affinities to the Nahna tongue; thenee eastward, 100 leagues, to Quiahuitzlan Anahuac, on the coast with iiilets— the coastland of the State ofTamaulipas, on the gulfof Mexico? About this locahty there can scarcelybe a doubt, since this eastern coast country and the eastern plateau bore the gênerai name Quetzalapan or Muitzilapan, until the Nahuas took possession of them, when the plateau was designated as Huitznnhiiac, and the name above given would be the natural one to apply to the coast, since while iiabimc {an) meanssiniply the Nahualand, Analnuic (an) means the « Nahualand on the water «, while Quiahuitzlan is the old name retamed in order to distinguish this Anahuac on the Gulf coast irom the Anahuac around the Mexican lakes.

llere they « suffered great hardships » and llnally wont westward, 80 leagues, to Zacatlan (the northern part of the tState of Zacatecas?); from there, 80 leagues, to Totzapan, probably again in the neighborhood of Toxpan before men-tioned, wliere the Tusanes(2)are located even today); thenee, l'iO leagues, toTepotla (Ihc extraordinary distance shows that at last they gained a décisive victory, and broke through the frontier of the more civilized country whicli tliey had hitherto felt). Tepetla, mountainland, must consequentiy be sought in the neighborhood of the high mountains of Anahuac ; thenee, 80 leagues, toMazatepec (the mountain of the Mazahuas, skirting the valley of Mexico towards North and West); thenee, j 80 leagues, to Ziuhcohuatl where they probably suffered ano-

yVj BaïKM-ofr, I, 6 lu, (2) Ibid. I. 612.