VOCABULARY

Note. — This vocabulary is not intended to contain ail the words occurrinj in the text.

abandon (un), 'désertion,' * forlornness,' 'résignation,' 'négligence,' etc.; means also entire child-like confidence or trust in others

à /*— , ' uncared for ' tout est à /'— , ' everything is at sixes and sevens '

abbé (un), 'an abbot,' then used generally for any one in holy orders, ' an ecclesiastic '

abondance (une), ' abundance ' dans V — de son cœur, ' in the fullness of her heart '

abord (tout d'), 'in the first place,' ' at once '

affolé, ' distracted,' ' beside himself

âge (un), 'âge'

il a passé T — , ' he is over âge ' bas — , ' infancy ' lajîeur de T — , ' the prime of life ' entre deux — s, ' neither old nor

young,' ' middle-aged ' le moyen — , ' the Middle Ages '

agent (un), 'agent.' Sometimes agents stands for agents de police, ' policemen '

— de change, ' stock-broker '

— voyer, ' road-surveyor ' aide (une), ' assistance '

à l'—, ' help ! '

venir en — à, ' to assist,' ' succour '

à r — de, ' by means of '

un — , 'a helper," ' an assistant '

— maçon, 'hodman helper,' 'bricklayer's labourer '

air (avoir 1'), c to seem,' ' appear ' aller : see va

allez ! va, allons, and allez may ail be used as interjections. Transi.

' I can tell you ! ' or ' corne ! ' amazone (une), 'amazon,' 'female rider' or ' horse-woman, ' ' riding-habit ' amener, ' to bring,' 'induce,' 'produce,' etc. ; in speaking of dice or lots, ' to draw, ' or ' throw ' il a amené double six, ' he threw sixes ' ancilla Domini, ' handmaid of the Lord ' ; an expression taken from the Vulgate : ' dixit autem Maria : Ecce ancilla Domini, fiât mihi secundum verbum tuum.' i Lucae v. 38 apéritif ( un ) , ' an appetising drink ' appel (un), 'call,' 'calling,' 'appeal,' etc.; means also 'roll-call,' usually sounded by trumpets or drums courd — , ' court of appeal ' — aux armes, ' rising,' ' call to arms' appointements (les), 'salary' le traitement is the salary of civil

servants and professional men les — , of a clerk in business les gages corresponds to wages which are fixed per annum, as those of domestic servants le salaire, wages paid weekly, as

those of a workman la solde is a soldier's pay

IIO

apprendre, 'to learn,' ' to hear ' ;

1 to teach,' ' to inform ' je lui apprena 'rai à vivre, ' I will teach him manners '

après ? ' what then ? ' ' what next ? '

argousin (un) : a popular terni for a policeman. The name is also applied to a convict-keeper

arracher, ' to tear out,' ' tear off,' 'rend,' ' wrest off'; also ' to save,' 'extort.' Distinguish between arracher de and arracher à. ' Quand on arrache de, c'est la personne ou la chose que l'on arrache qui résiste. Quand on arrache à, c'est la personne ou la chose à laquelle on arrache qui résiste '

— un clou d'une muraille, ' to wrench a nail out of a wall.' Le clou résiste

— tin œil à une personne, ' to tear out a person's eye.' C'est la personne qui résiste

arranger, ' to set in order,' ' make up,' 'suit,' ' repair, ' ' deck,' ' serve out.' It is used figuratively and familiarly for ' to ill-treat,' 'put in a bad state,' ' do an ill turn to ' voyez donc comme la pluie Va arrangé, ' just see what a nice plight the rain has made him in ' je l arrangerai de la bonne façon,

' he shall catch it ' s' arranger, used reflexively, means 'to make arrangements,' 'set up house,' ' settle ' arrêter, 'tostop,' 'seize,' 'arrest'

or ' apprehend ' faire — Jin débiteur, ' to hâve a debtor arrested '

— un compte, ' to close an account '

— un jour, ' to appoint a day ' article (voyageait pour son) : a

trade expression. Voyager is used in a technical sensé for to travel in business. Cf. the expression un commis voyageur, ' a commercial traveller ' article is also used in a technical sensé for ' goods,' ' wares '

as de trèfle (un), 'ace of clubs' le trèfle means ' clover,' ' trefoil,' ' club ' (at cards). The club is in the shape of a trefoil leaf assez (en voilà), or c en est assez, ' that 's enough,' ' that will do,' ' hâve done ' assises (la cour d'), 'an assizecourt ' consisting of twelve jurymen and presided over by three magistrates une assise, 'course' (arch.), 'layer'

(geol.) assises (no sing.) is ' assizes ' astiquer, 'to polish,' 'furbishup' — son fourniment, ' to clean up one's accoutrements ' attendre, ' to wait,' ' await'

s — . . à, 'to expect' auprès de, ' near ' ; sometimes means ' in comparison with ' ; also means ' with,' ' in the service of ' ils sont heureux — nous, ' they are fortunate compared with us ' Also ' in the opinion of ' c'est passer pour traître — lui, ' it is passing for a traitor in his opinion ' autant (d' — plus que), 'the more because,' ' the more so that' d' — mieux que is used with the same

meaning d' — , used alone, means 'by so much,' ' by so many avance (d'), à l'avance and par

avance mean ' beforehand ' avant, 'before' (of time), prep. , is sometimes used absolutely, in the sensé of auparavant en — , ' forward ! ' ' corne on ! '

bagarre (une), 'fray,' 'scuffle' balafre (une), 'agash,' 'slash' ban (rompre son), ' to break one's ban,' return to a place in which one has not permission to réside ; in the case referred to on p. 42 1. 31 and p. 51 1. 5, Paris was beyond the ban banquette (la), ' a bench,' ' seat,' ' outside ' (of coaches), ' foot-

Vocabulary

ni

path ' ; also a long bench, with

sturfed seat but no back une place de — , ' an outside place ' jouer devant les — s, ' to play to empty benches' barbiche (la), 'a tuft of beard on

the chin,' ' a chin -beard ' bas-côté (le) : latéral aisle of the

nave of a church, usually nar-

rower and often lower than the

central part of the nave bâtarde (la), i.e. écriture bâtarde,

' inclinedwriting, ' ' runninghand' battus (avoir les yeux), ' to be

black under the eyes ' beau : avoir beau, followed by an

infinitive, = ' to be in vain ' on a — crier, ' one cries in vain ' bec (le), 'beak,' ' bill,' 'nib,'

'spout,' 'angle'

— de corne, as p. 15 1. 21, 'a horn handle '

avoir — et ongles, ' to be well able to

défend one's self avoir bon — , ' to be a chatterbox ' tenir quelqu'un le — dans Teau, ' to

keep a person in suspense '

un blanc , ' greenhorn '

un — de gaz, ' gas-burner '

un — de cane, ' métal handle of a

door,' also ' spring-lock ' bête (la), ' a beast, ' ' silly créature ' grosse — , ' great stupid ' — s fauves, ' fallow deer '

— de somme, ' beast of burden ' morte la — , mort le venin, ' dead men

tell no taies ' c'est ma — noire, ' he is my aversion ' c'est unefnie — , ' he is a sly fellow ' bétels also used as an adjective : il est

— à manger du foin, ' he is as

stupid as an owl '

— à faire plaisir, 'egregiously stupid' bêtise (la), 'silliness,' ' nonsense '

des — s, 'foolish nothings'

bidon (le), a vessel for brandy, ' brandy bottle '

bitter (le) : a bitter - tasting liqueur, made of various herbs steeped in alcohol. It is soraetimes made of juniper-berries, gentian, rhubarb, and orangepeel. The name cornes frora Holland

blague (la), 'nonsense,' 'joking,

' bantering ' blanche (une nuit), ' a sleepless night ' avoir carte — , ' to hâve a free hand ' se battre à Tar7ne — , ' to fight with

swords ' des vers blancs, ' blank verse ' bock (un), ' a glass of béer' boire sa paye, ' to drink away one's wages,' i.e. ' to spend ail one's wages in drink '

— sec, ' to drink neat '

— comme un trou, comme une éponge, ' to drink like a fish '

— un affront, ' to put up with an insuit '

bonhomme, 'good-natured,' ' easy-going ' aller son petit — de chemin, ' to jog along' bon numéro (le), 'a lucky number,' i.e. 'a high number.' Before 1872 men who drew sufficiently high numbers were excused service in the army.

At présent the conscription is universal bond (le), ' leap ' ; bondir, ' to

leap ' bord (termes de), ' nautical phrases ' le — , 'edge,' 'rim,' 'shore,' 'hem,' ' board ' (ship)

bordées (tire des), pop. ' goes on the booze.' Cf. note, p. 64 1. 18 la bordée means 'a broadside,' then

'a tack,' and, fig., 'zigzag night' une bordée d injures, ' avolley of abuse' tirer une bordée, ' to fire a broad-side ' courir des — , ' to tack about '

botte de paille (la), ' truss of

straw ' bouche (la), 'mouth,' ' opening ' être porté sur sa — , and être sur sa

— mean ' to be an epicure ' faire la petite — also means ' to be dainty '

boucle (la), 'buckle,' 'ring,' ' curl ' boucler is lit. ' to buckle,' ' curl '

boucler des prisonniers is ' to shut

the doors of their ce!ls upon them,'

hence boucler is used popularly for

' to put in prison '

boue (professions de la), * mean

and low ways of gaining a

livelihood ' ; as we say, ' to pick

up a living out of the gutter '

la — means ' mud ' ; it is used figura-

tively in various expressions se traîner dans la — , ' to dégrade

one's self des âmes de — , ' base - minded

créatures ' notre — , ' our mortal clay ' boueux is ' miry ' ; un boueur, ' a scavenger ' bougie (la), ' a wax-candle ' la chandelle usually means ' a tallowcandle '

bouquets de mariée (des) :

bridai bouquets, made of orange-blossoms, carried by the bride on her wedding-day bourgeoises : f. pi. of le bourgeois, ' citizen, ' ' one belonging to the middle class in a town ' bourgeois also means 'an employer.' The word may be used in contempt for 'a vulgar person,' ' a snob ' bourgeron (le) : a coat of linen cloth worn by some kinds of workmen bourrer, 'toram,' 'cram,' 'snap,' 'push,' 'scold' un élève bourré de grec et de latin, 'a scholar crammed with Greek and Latin' bout means 'end,' 'bit,' * scrap ' un — de prière, ' a short prayer ' un — de bougie, ' a candle-end ' un — dho7mne, ' a little bit of a man ' un — de lettre, ' a Une ' joindre les detcx — j de Vannée, ' to

make both ends meet ' être au — de son rouleau, de son latin,

' to be at one's wit's end ' tenir le haut — , ' to hâve the whiphand,' etc.

bradel (le), 'boards,' a term used in the book-binding trade relié à la —, ' in boards with uncut edges '

bref, adj., 'short'; adv. , 'in short,' ' in a word' parler — , ' to speak sharply ' brosse (la), ' brush ' chevelure en — , hair eut short and standing up, like the bristles in a brush brosser, ' to brush ' le brossier, ' brush-maker ' le brosseur, ' boots ' ; see below brosseur (le), ' an officer's servant ' ; lit. 'a brusher.' An officer never says mon domestique, but always mon brosseur bufneterie (la) : a collective noun meaning ail the straps, belts, etc,, of buffalo-leather [buffle) which form part of a soldier's equipment. It may be translatée! ' belts '

cabaret (un), ' a public-house ' cadet (le), 'a younger son,' 'junior,' ' cadet.' This term is sometimes applied only to the second or youngest son, sometimes to ail the younger sons in a family. Cadet is also used as an adjective. The féminine is cadette c'est le — de mes soucis, ' it is the last of my thoughts ' caisse (une) is 'a chest,' also 'cash -box,' hence ' countinghouse,' 'cash,' 'fund,' etc.

la — d'épargne, ' savings-bank ' la — est ouverte, 'the pay-office is open ' le livre de — , ' cash-book ' la — d un ta7nbour, ' barrel of a drum ' battre la — , ' to beat the big drum ' caisson (un), ' ammunition wagon ' calèche (une), ' a barouche,'

' four-wheeler ' cambrer, ' to curve,' 'bend'.

se — , ' to bend one's back,' 'stoop'

camisole (la), 'adressing-jacket,'

' morning-jacket '

une — de force, ' a strait-waistcoat '

campagne (la), 'country,' 'field,'

' campaign,' ' cruise,' ' season '

Vocabulary

en rase — , ' in the open country ' •une maison de — , ' a country house ' il a/ait tuie belle — , ' he has been on a wild-goose chase ' campagne (à la), ' to (cr in) the country,' is used in opposition to à la ville, ' to (or in) town ' eu — is used to dénote the action and encampment of troops : les années sont en campagne

canon (le), ' barrel ' (of a gun)

cantine (la), 'the canteen,' or place where wine, etc., is sold within the walls of a prison or barracks

cantinière (la), 'canteen-keeper,' ' sutler '

capeline (la), ' hood'

capitaine (le), ' the captain. ' A captain commands a company in a régiment, in this case of infantry

caporal (le) : a corporal is the lowest non-commissioned ofncer.

He has charge of a small squad, places and relieves sentinels, and has a certain amount of control in camp and barracks

capote (la), ' a cloak with a hood, ' ' a long coat '

carambolage (le), 'a cannon ' in billiards ; also used figuratively for the noise caused by the perpétuai knocking together of the balls caramboler, ' to cannon ' (in billiards)

carcan (le), •ironcollar,' 'pillory,' ' carcanet ' ; also means ' a sorry jade,' as used in stable slang

carreau (le) : first ' square,' then 'tile,' ' tile - fioor ' or ' brickfioor ' ; by extension, ' the ground ' or ' fioor,' as p. 35 1. 9 ; also 'a window-pane,' ' crossbow,' ' thunderbolt,' 'cushion,' 'diamonds' (cards), etc.

coucher sur le — , ' to sleep on a

mattress on the floor ' jeter quelqu un sur le — , ' to throw a person down,' also ' to kill on the spot'

carrément, ' square. ' Also used nguratively, as p. 39 1. 14, for ' frankly,' ' bluntly ' le carré is ' a square '

carton (le) is ' cardboard,' ' case,' ' cartoon ' ; also means a case for containing papers, etc., 'a portfolio '

cartonnage (le) means ' boarding,' ' boards ' ; also is a term used in the book-binding trade for bindings in board, called ' boards. ' The board is made of paper-stock, shredded rope, etc.

casernement (le) : a military term, meaning literally the action of lodging troops in barracks ; also used in the sensé of caserne, 'barracks,' as the captain called his lodgings, p. 33 1. 20

cathèdre (la) : a neologism for la chaire, ' pulpit ' or ' high desk ' ; p. 43 1. 30 ' a raised desk'

cause (la), 'cause,' ' side ' à — de, ' because of,' ' on account of ' vous êtes hors de — , ' you hâve

nothing to do with it ' en tout état de — , ' in any case ' un avocat sans — , ' briefless barrister '

cercle (le), 'circle,' 'hoop,' 'ring,' etc. ; also ' club '

cerné de, ' surrounded,' ' encircled by '

chablis (le) : chablis is an excellent white wine, taking its name from the town of Chablis, near Auxerre, in the Department of Yonne. Sometimes the word is misspelt chablis. Chablis also means ' wind-fallen wood '

chambarder : a slang word in thieves' lingo, meaning ' to burgle,' ' to ferret out.' Transi.

' search '

chambre (travailler en) is said

of a workman who does his work at home and has no shop chambrée (la), ' a mess ' (military terni) ; also ' a house,' speaking of théâtres une faible — , ' a thin house ' Champagne (le vin de) : Champagne is so-called because it is made within the limits of the former province of Champagne, in a district now chiefly included in the Department of Marne, in North-East France chance (la), 'hazard,' 'chance,' ' luck ' quelle — / ' what luck ! ' courir la — , ' to run the risk' être en — , ' to be in a lucky vein ' la. — a tourné, ' the tables are turned ' chaud et froid (le) : à chill, beginning with hot and cold fits, like ague chemin de fer (le), ' railway ' prendre le chemin de is used in the same sensé as se diriger vers, ' to naake for,' ' direct one's steps towards '

chenet (le), ' dog for the fireplace,' 'andiron,' is a diminutive of chien, from the supposed resemblance of andirons to crouching dogs

chérubin (le), ' cherub ' ; also used, p. 17 1. 16, as a term of endearment : 'ourlittle cherub,' ' our darling.' Chérubhi is, properly speaking, a plural form, but is constantly used as a singular

cheveux (en), ' without caps,' ' bare-headed. ' En cheveux is short for coiffée en cheveux se prendre aux — , ' to corne to blows ' tiré par les — , ' far-fetched ' prendre l'occasion aux — , ' to take time by the forelock '

chiffon (le), 'rag,' ' scrap of paper,' ' hunch ' (of bread), etc.

Quelque chiffon maybe translated ■ some trifle. ' Chiffon is used

for a small ornament of dress, as lace, ribbons, etc.

nous causerons — s, ' we will discuss dresses '

chiffonner, ' to crumple, ' ' ruffle,' hence ' to vex,' ' put out ' cela votes chiffonne, ' that vexes you* elle passe son temps à — , ' she is always busy with gimeracks ' chiourme (la), ' convict party ' le chiourme stands for the gardechiourme, ' guard or keeperofthe convicts ' chose (la), 'a thing,' 'business,' ' deed,' ' property ' être tout — is a popular expression, meaning (1) ' out of sorts ' ; (2) ' out of spirits,' ' cast down ' il te dit bien des — s, ' he sends his

kind regards ' la — publique, 'the commonwealth' pas grand — , 'a trifle ' Monsieur — , ' Mr. What 's-his-name ' cible (la), ' target ' cicatrice (la), ' scar' cime (la), ' peak ' or ' pointed top,' usually applied to mountains, trees, etc. , although it is also used figuratively. Le sommet is used in a more gênerai sensé for ' a top,' ' summit ' la — ou le sommet d'une montagne,

1 the top of a mountain ' le sommet (not la — ) de la tête, ' the top of the head '

cireur de souliers (un), 'a shoeblack ' ; cirer is ' to wax ' or ' black ' de la toile cirée, ' oil-cloth ' la cire is ' wax,' ' wax-light' clapotis (le), ' rippling ' or ' chopping ' of the sea ; also ' pattering ' or ' clatter ' claudicant, 'limping.' This is a learned word, lately borrowed from Latin clignant de l'œil, ' winking ' cligner l'œil, cligner les yeux, are

used in the same sensé le clignement, 'winking,' 'blinking* Cf. also clignoter, clignotement, fréquentatives of the above

cloaque (le), 'a sink,' ' sewer';

Vocabulary

also used metaphorically for a ' pit of vice,' ' den of iniquity ' cœur (le), 'heart,' 'soûl,' 'affection,' 'courage,' ' feeling,' 'stomach,' 'centre,' ' core.'etc.

avoir le — sur la main, as p. 5 1. 22, and avoir le — sur les lèvres, both mean ' not to disguise one's thoughts or feelings,' ' to wear one's heart upon one's sleeve ' se ronger le — , ' to fret ' avoir le — gros, ' to hâve one's heart

full ' affaire de — , ' love affair ' mon petit — , ' my darling' à contre — , ' reluctantly' être plein de — , ' to be full of gener-

osity,' ' to be noble-minded ' un serrement de — , 'a sinking at heart,' 'a feeling of oppression and sadness '

coller, ' to stick,' ' apply closely, ' 'size,' ' cushion ' (in billiards) ; also used figuratively for ' to bestow upon ' (without much ceremony) colla, ' applied closely '

commandait (d'un geste qui) :

transi. ' vvith a commanding gesture '

comme is a conjunction, meaning 'since,' ' seeing that,' 'as it were.' ' so to speak,' 'as though,' 'as if

comme il faut, ' properly '

il est — , ' he is a gentleman ' communicatif, ' contagious' compagne (la), 'a female companion,' 'mate,' ' wife. ' The corresponding masculine form is longer, compagnon compter, 'tocount,' 'consider,' ' intend, ' etc. ; also ' to expect ' — ses pas, ' to walk slowly ' comptoir (le) : usual meaning ' counter ' le comptoir d'un café, etc., is ' a bar ' la dame de comptoir, ' barmaid The word is also used for a bank or factory. Cigar-ends are collected by a spécial class of

scavengers ; the tobacco is then

dried and sometimes mixed vvith

tobacco of Government manu-

facture and thus sold illicitly,

escaping the duty. Tobacconists

engaged in this trade are usually

known as marchands de tabac à

comptoir, as on p. 27 1. 6

conclure, ' to conclude,' 'end,'

' infer,' when used actively ;

when used as a neuter verb,

it means ' to décide,' ' to corne

to a décision. ' It can also mean

' to move ' or ' demand '

condamné (le), ' the convicted '

confession (un billet de) is an

attestation by which a priest

certifies that he has heard any

one in confession, and without

which the person mentioned

would not be able to partake of

the communion on his wedding-

day

confiance (la), ' confidence,'

' trust, ' ' reliance, ' ' self-conceit. '

Distinguish between this word

and la confidence, which means

'confidence,' 'secret,' 'intimacy'

vous axiez mal placé votre — , ' you

hâve misplaced your confidence,'

i.e. 'trust'

il m a fait confidence de son dessein,

' he imparted to me his design,'

'he let me into the secret of his

intention '

Conflteor (le) is the nanie given

to the prayer which is said by

Catholics before they confess,

or during the mass, etc. The

prayer begins with thèse words,

' Confiteor Deo omnipotenti '

dire son — is used figuratively for

'to acknowledge one's fault,' ' to

cry peccavi '

connaissance (perdre), 'to lose

consciousness ' connaître, 'toknow,' is sometimes used in the sensé of apprendre, ' to learn '

considérer, 'to gaze at,' 'observe ' consommation (la), ' consummation,' 'completion,' 'consumption , ' ' consumable articles , ' as p. 28 1. 14. Consommation is used in a gênerai sensé, as applied to ail the drinkables consumed in a tavern contenir, ' to contain,' is often used, as sometimes in English, in the sensé of retenir, ' to check, ' « restrain ' contre-marque (la), ' a counterrnark,' 'check' (in théâtres); plural des contre-marques. It is the check or pass-out ticket given at the doors of a théâtre to a spectator who wishes to leave the building and Teturn later, when he hands the check back again as a pass contrôleur, (le), * controller,' ' comptroller,' ' superintendent ' le — d un théâtre, * the check-taker ' cornette (la), 'mob cap,' ' broad pendant,' 'cornet,' ' cornetcy ' ; a diminutive of corne, ' a horn. ' On p. 13 I.22 it means 'a cornet,' or high horned head-dress worn by Sisters of Mercy côte (la), 'arib,' 'side,' 'slope,' 'hill,' 'shore,' ' coast ' on lui compterait les — s, ' he is no-

thing but skin and bones ' à mi- — , ' halfway up a hill ' donner à la — , ' to run ashore ' — à — , ' side by side,' ' cheek by jowl ' Côté (le), 'side,' 'part,' 'quarter' mettre de — , ' to lay by ' 71e savoir plus de quel — se tourner,

' not to know which way to turn ' à — de,1 by the side of,' ' close to ' à — , ' hard by '

de — , ' sidcways,' ' awry,' ' on one

side '

coteau (un), 'a hill,' 'slope.'

The Old French form was

costeau ; we should therefore

expect the Modem French to be coteau, as in OF. costi, MF.

côté coup (le), 'blow,' 'stroke,' 'time,' etc.

un — de sang, lit. ' congestion of the brain ' ; transi. ' the blood rushed to my head' on p. 11 I. 21 un — de colère, transi. ' a fit of anger

fired my brain ' on p. 11 1. 22 encore un — , ' once more ' en venir aux — s, ' to corne to blows ' — de grâce, ' finishing stroke ' un — de pied, ' a kick ' iin — de langue, ' taunt ' c'est un — dépée dans Teati, 'it is

beating the air ' faire le — , ' to play the trick,' ' commit

the act '

donner tin — de collier, ' to pull hard

against the collar,' ' to strain every

nerve,' as on p. 13 1. n

tout à coup always means ' suddenly'

tout dun — means either ' suddenly '

or ' ail at one time ' ce mal l'a pris tout à — , ' this disease

came on him suddenly' le fusil a parti tout dtcn — , ' the gun

went oflf suddenly ' il gagna mille écus tout dun — , ' he won a thousand crowns at one time,' ' ail at once ' couper la figure, ' to give a eut

across the face ' (with a whip) couvert (le), 'cover,' ' spoon and fork,' 'lodging,' 'shady place,' ' envelope ' mettre le — , ' to lay the cloth le vivre et le — , ' food and lodging * à — , ' under cover ' à — de, 'sheltered from ' crâne (le), 'skull,' 'cranium' crasse ! (à la) : a cry for largess ; lit. ' (give) to the mob ' la — is 'dirt,' 'scum,"dross,' 'grease,' 'sordid avarice, 'used figuratively for ' the scum of the people,' ' the mob ' crasseux, 'dirty,' 'greasy' Credo (le), ' creed.' Credo is the first word in the Apostles' Creed, used for the creed itself; pi.

les Credo crever, ' to burst ' ; used of animais only, or disparagingly

Vocabulary

of persons, it means ' to die,' as p. 9 1. 28 and p. 45 1. 1

crever is also used actively, cela crève les yeux, ' that is as plain as a pikestaff ' ; and reflexively, se — de fatigue, ' to kill one's self with fatigue '

— le billard is to lose the game by overshooting the mark and scoring too many points, ' to eut the clôt h '

crevé, ' broken '

crosse (la), ' the butt ' (of a gun)

croua is intended for an imitation

of the croak of a crovv, as \ve

might say ' caw

Itis

old joke to compare priests in their black cassocks to crows

croup (le), 'croup.' The word was introduced into medicine by an Edinburgh physician.

It must not be confounded with la croupe, ' a crupper,' ' ridge '

cru. (à), an adverbial locution, meaning ' bare, ' ' on the bare skin ' or ' bare back '

monter un cheval à — , ' to ride bare-

back ' chaussé à — , • wearing shoes without

stockinçs ' s agenouiller à — is literally ' to kneel on the bare knee,' and by extension the quality expressed passes from the person to the object, hence s agenouiller à — sur la pierre cornes to mean ' to kneel on the bare stone, or the cold pavement, without a hassock or carpet ' cuirassé, lit. ' armed with a cuirass,' ' iron-clad. ' On p. 44 1. 17 used figuratively for ' hardened ' la ctiirasse is 'a breast-plate,' origin-

ally of leather le cuir, ' hide,' ' leather ' culotter, ' to put into breeches,' ' to make breeches ' ; by extension, ' to blacken a pipe ' un culotteur de pipes is 'a great smoker ' curé (le), the 'rector' or ' vicar ' of a parish ; cf. vicaire. The abbé Faber was a vicaire or curate, p. 4 1. 16. Cf. p. 2 1. 9

dame : an expletive used as a sign of affirmation, 'indeed,' ' well, ' ' to be sure, ' * why. ' The expression dame or damne Dieu (variously spelt) occurs frequently in Old Fr. , and is derived from the Latin do?nine or domine Deus, ' God ' or ' Lord God '

déchiqueter, 'toslash,' 'mangle,' ' eut up '

décoré (\e): décoré, p.i6 1. 8,isused as a noun for l'homme décoré.

It usually dénotes one who wears the ribbon of the ' Légion d'honneur. ' The literal meaning is 'decorated,' ' adorned '

défendit (se — d'avoir pris part à), ' denied having taken part in,' 'had a share in ' on ne peut se défendre de Faimer, ' one cannot help loving him '

défendu : d< fendre, ' to défend,*

is used also in the sensé of

interdire, ' to forbid, ' as p. 57

défendre sa maison à quelqu'un, ' to

forbid a person the house '

défroque (la), 'old clothes,' ' cast-off clothes '

déjeuner (le), 'breakfast.' It refers more especially to the second breakfast or lunch un — à la fourchette, ' a méat breakfast'

demi- voix (à), 'in a whisper.' Demi, when it précèdes the noun, is invariable ; but when it follows the noun it agrées with it in gender : une demi- heure ; deux heures et demie. In the latter case heure is understood, deux heures et (une heure) de??iie

démolition (la), ' démolition,' ' pulling down.' In the plural it means * ruins,' ' heaps of rubbish ' démolir is ' to demolish ' un démolisseur, 'a subverter'

dépeigné, ' unkempt '

déranger (se), ' to get out of order,' 4 to put one's self out ' ; also means ' to lead an unsettled or unsteady life '

je ne me dérangerai pas pour si peu, 1 1 will not put myself out for such a trirle'

son cerveau commence à se — , 'his mind is getting deranged '

déshonoré, lit. ' dishonoured ' ; on p. 23 1. 16 it means ' disfigured,' 'disgraced' devanture (la), 'front' (of a

shop) dévot is an adjective used as a noun, meaning ' a devout person,' 'devotee,' 'pénitent' dévote is applied to a woman under the spiritual direction of a priest — c'est une de ses dévotes, ' she is one of his pénitents' /aire le — , ' to prétend to be religious' un faux — , ' hypocrite '

diligence (la), 'dispatch,''haste' ; on p. 25 1. 21 it is short for un carrosse de diligence, ' a stagecoach ' ce courrier a fait — , ' that messenger has ridden post-haste ' distraction (la), 'inattention,' as p. 5 1. 2 ; 'diversion,' or 'amusement,' as p. 23 1. 7 donataire (le or la) is 'a donee,' or person who receives a gift, or to whom a gift is due le donateur, la donatrice, is ' adonor,' or person who bestows a gift donner, used as a neuter verb, means ' to strike,' ' fall,' ' rush,' ' look out (into),' ' open (into) '

— sur, as p. 17 1. 18, is 'to overlook,' or ' look out upon '

// ne sait où — de la tête, ' he does not know which way to turn '

— dans l'œil à, ' to hit the fancy of '

— dans le piège, ' to fall into the trap ' se — comme is used in the sensé of

se faire passer pour, ' to give one's self out as,' ' to represent one's self as ' dorure (la) means 'gilding,'

' décoration.' Transi, p. 31 1. 15, ' gold lace' dos (le), 'the back ' mettre une affaire sur son — is ' to take everything upon one's own shoulders,' ' to lay the whole blâme upon one's self dossier (le), 'back' (of a seat), ' brief ' ; also a file, or bundle of papers kept within a single cover, and relating to the same case douceur (la), ' sweetness,' ' mildness,' 'gratuity,' and ' dainty, ' as p. 18 1. 9. In the plural it often means ' soft words ' plus fait — que violence, ' gentleness

is better than force ' se donner quelques petites — s, ' to give one's self a treat ' drapeaux (être sous les), ' to be in the service' (military) ; lit.

' under the flags ' drôle (un affreux), ' a frightful scamp ' le — is a 'knave,' ' rogue,' ' black-

guard ' In the féminine, la drôlesse, ' a jade ' The adjective drôle means 'queer,' ' funny '

dru, drue, ' thick ' les balles pleuvaicnt — comme mouches, ' the bullets fell as thick as hail ' frapper fort et — , ' to strike with might and main ' dur, ' hard,' 'stern,' ' pain fui,' 'harsh,' 'stiff' ; on p. 24 1. 31 'hardy,' able to endure fatigue and privation

être — d'oreille, ' to be hard of hear-

ing' tête — e, ' blockhead ' en faire voir de — es à quelqu'un,

' to lead a person a hard life ' coucher sur la — e, ' to sleep on the

bare ground '

ébaucher, 'to sketch,' 'outline,'

' make a first draught of,'

' rough-hew,' ' prépare,' ' start '

je débarquai sans avoir ébauché le

plus petit roman, ' I landed without

having had the slightest adventure '

Vocabulary

écarté (un) : écarter is lit. ' to discard.' Écarté is a card game, so-called because certain cards may be discarded and replaced by fresh ones éclat (un), ' chip,' ' fragment,' 'explosion,' 'burst,' 'noise,' ' brightncss ' il partit d'un — de rire, ' he set up

a laugh,' 'burst ont laughing' craindre l' — , ' to fear exposure ' rire aux — s, ' to burst with laughter '

économie (une) means, in the

singular, 'economy,' ' thrift ' ;

in the plural, ' savings '

écu (un), 'a shield,' ' escutcheon,'

' crown ' (money), ' three francs '

écu on p. 24 1. 11 means a shield, or

escutcheon, bearing the arms of

France

ri avoir pas un — vaillant, ' not to

be worth a shilling ' c'est le père aux — s, ' he is made of money ' écueil (un), ' an isolated rock,'

' reef ' égard (un), 'considération,' ' account,' 'respect' par — pour, 'out of considération

for,' 'out of respect for' à cet — , ' in that respect ' eu — à, 'considering' émailler (s'): lit. ' to be enamelled ' ; in a figurative sensé, ' to be adorned with various bright colours ' embaucher, 'tohire' (workmen) ; also'to enlist,' 'recruit,' ' ent^ce away' (soldiers) embaumaient . . : transi. ' were sending forth their fragrance,' 'were scenting the air,' p. 47 I.22 embonpoint (un), 'stoutness,' ' corpulence ' ; from the phrase être en bon point, ' to be in a good state ' embranchement (un), 'a

branching,' ' branch-line ' emplette (une), ' a purchase ' Distinguish between emplette and achat. The latter can refer to the

purchase of any objects, great or small ; the former on'y to small objects, articles in common use.

L'achat d'une maison, d'un domaine. L'achat ou l'emplette d'un chapeau, d'une robe

en, sometimes 'as,' ' like ' habillé — monsieur, ' dressed like a gentleman' encoche (une), 'notch,' 'dent' encochcr is ' to notch,' ' to fit (an

arrow) to the bowstring' une coche is ' a notch,' ' tally ' endimanché, ' dressed in his Sunday best," from le dimanche, ' Sunday ' enfant (un), 'a child,' 'infant,' ' offspring ' un bon — is used, p. 4 1. 28, for 'a good-

tempered fellow' il est bon — de croire cela, ' he is a

simpleton to believe that ' enfant may also be féminine in the singular when speaking of a girl :

la pauvre — , ' poor child ' un — trouvé, ' a foundling ' des — j perdus, ' forlorn hope ' c'est bien ? — de sa mère, ' he takes after his mother'

enfin, ' at last,' 'in short'; also ' after ail '

engager, ' to pledge,' ' pawn,' ' mortgage,' ' persuade,' ' urge,' 'leadto,' 'bind,' 'begin'

— quelqu'un à, ' to invite,' ' entice some one to . .'

cela ri engage à rien, ' there is nothing binding in that '

— un soldat, ' to enlist a soldier '

en s' engageant sur, ' in stepping

upon ' le combat s'engagea, ' the fight began ' enlever, ' to lift,' 'carry,' ' carry off,' 'dispatch,' 'charm,' ' buy up,' ' take off or out'; also ' to carry off, ' ' steal ' enseigne (une), 'mark,' 'token,' 'sign,' 'ensign' or 'flag,' ' ensigncy ' ; also ' sign-board ' à bon vin point d' — , ' good wine

needs no bush ' nous sommes logés à la même — , ' \ve are in the same plight,' ' we are in the same boat ' This word must not be confounded

with un — , which means ' ensign ' (man), ' midshipman '

entends (je m'y), ' I know ail

about it ' je m — , • I know what I mean '

en -tout -cas (un): a sort of umbrella, larger than a sunshade and smaller than an ordinary umbrella, which may be used either for sun or rain ; hence the narae. Pi. des entout-cas

entrée chez lui (était) : lit. ' had entered his house,' i.e. his service

entretien (un), ' maintenance,' 'keep' ; also 'keeping in repair,' « talk ' les frais d' — , ' costs of repair ' /' — de la ville, ' the talk of the town ' détourner T — , ' to turn the conversation,' 'change the subject'

envie (avoir — de), ' to wish,' ' désire ' il aurait bien — , ' he would much like'

épaulette (gagner sa première), ' to become an officer. ' La double épaulette marks the grade of captain

épi (un), ' ear of corn '

épicier (coup d') : épicier, lit. ' a grocer,' ' chandler,' is used as a term of contempt for a clumsy or ignorant fellow. Transi, p. 58 1. 13 ' the stroke of a mère tyro'

éraillé, p.p. of érailler, 'to fray,' ' fret,' ' chafe ' ; used of the eyes, 1 blood - shot ' ; of the voice, ' worn out,' ' husky '

éreinté, ' tired out,' 'with aching back. ' See reins

essayer d'un . . : essayer, ' to try,' is used intransitively with the meaning of ' to make a trial of,' ' to try one's hand at '

estaminet (un), ' a smoking-

room,' ' a tap-room ' ; also used more generally for a coffeehouse with a smoking-room un pilier d' — , ' a perpétuai tippler'

établir (s'), 'to seule down' ; p. 6 1. 16 ' to set up house-keeping'

étourdissement (un), ' dizziness,' ' swimming in the head'

exemple (un), 'example,' ' pattern,' 'précèdent,' 'copy'

des — s d'écriture, y>. 36 1. 17, 'writing

copies ' p?'êcher d' — , ' to practise what one

preaches '

exprès : on p. 56 1. 27 an adverb, 'onpurpose,' ' purposely ' c'est comme un fait — , ' one would

think it was done on purpose' The adjective exprès means ' express,'

' positive ' un — is ' an express ' ex-voto (un) : from the Latin, ' a votive offering.' PI. des ex-voto

fabrique (la) means ' manufacture,' ' factory, ' 'make,' 'building,' ' church-wardens,' ' vestry ' conseil de — , ' vestry-board ' face (la), 'face,' 'surface,' 'front,' ' aspect ' en — de, ' opposite to ' à la — de, ' in présence of ' de — , ' in front ' jouer à pile ou — , ' to play at heads

or tails' bien en — , 'straight out,' ' looking him straight in the face ' faible, 'weak,' 'feeble,' 'slender' le grec est son côté — , ' he is déficient

in Greek' une — quantité, ' a small quantity '

faïence (la), 'crockery,' 'delf; on p. 54 1. 24 short for couleur de faïence ; transi. ' china-blue.' Faïence takes its name from Faenza in Italy, where porcelain was first made, the name of the town having been written Fayence in French

failli (nous avons — . . . ) : faillir,

Vocabulary

1 to fail,' ' err,' 'give way,' when followed by an infinitive, means ' to be near ' fai — tomber, ' I very nearly fell ' It is also used impersonally in this sensé, il avait — nous arriver un malheur, ' a misfortune had wellnigh befallen us ' Jaillir is used sometimes for ' to fail,' 1 to become bankrupt '

faire (se laissait), ' offered no résistance' se laisser — is ' to let anotber

person do what he likes with one ' /aire followed by a noun can be used

in the sensé of ' to prétend to be,'

' to act ' (as if one were) faii-e le brave is ' to put on a show of

courage ' faire la fe)7ime établie, ' to act or

play the married woman ' comment il est fait : lit. ' how it is

made ' : also used in a popular

sensé, ' what it is like '

fait d'armes (un), 'a feat of arms,' ' an heroic deed '

fait- divers (un), ' a bit of miscellaneous news '

fait (dire son), ' to give a person a pièce of one's mind,' ' to tell a person what one thinks of him ' (in an uncomplimentary sensé)

le — , 'a fact,' 'deed,' is sometimes used for la vérité : le fait est, ' the truth is,' ' to tell the truth '

fait (tout), ' ready made,' ' ready to hand ; fig. ' eut and dry '

fatigue (pantalon de — ), ' everyday trousers '

favori, f. favourite, as a noun means ' a favourite ' ; also 'whiskers,' as p. 48 1. 25. "Whiskers are usually worn in France by footmen and waiters, as well as by men in certain professions

fêler, ' to crack '

femme du peuple (une), ' a poor woman, ' ' one of the lower classes '

la lie du peuple, ' the mob,' ' the

rabble, ' the riffraff ' le peuple est toujours peuple, ' the vulgar are always vulgar," ' the léopard cannot change his spots ' fête (la), 'festival,' 'holiday,' ' feast ' le jour de la — de C. is ' the feastday of the saint after whom C. is named,' i.e. ' C. s birthday' un jour de — , ' a holiday ' souhaiter une bonne — à quelqu'un, ' to wish somebody many happy returns of the day ' faire la — , ' to be extravagant ' ficher : a popular and rather rude way of saying donner vous allez nous — la paix ! ' you will be so good as to leave us in peace,' ' let us alone ' The past participle is either ficlié or fichu filant, ' hurrying along,' kom filer, ' to spin,' ' to file off,' ' to glide,' ' to vanish ' filer doux, ' to sing small ' il faut filer, ' we must be off' tout ce monde-là file, ' ail those people go away,' ' leave town ' filet (le), ' thread,' 'filament,' ' fillet,' ' brooklet,' ' net' or ' toils,' as p. 42 1. 5. Cf. p. 41 11. 8, 13 un — de voix, ' a thin voice ' un coup de — , 'a haul or cast of the

net' prendre plusieurs voleurs d'un coup de — means ' to catch seyeral thieves at one time,' ' in a single haul' un — de sang, ' a streak of blood ' fille de théâtre (la), ' actress ' fit-il, ' said he '

faire, in the sensé of dire, is only

used in certain forms, e.g. fait-il,

fait-elle, fis-je, fit-il, fit-elle

flanquer, ' to rlank,' is also used

popularly in the sensé of ' to

throw,' ' to strike' ; sometimes it

means ' to fling,' i.e. ' to place

hastily and without much cere-

mony'

— un soujflet, 'to give a box on the

ear ' me flanquait des calottes, 'euffed me'

fléau (le), 'flail.' Uscd figuratively it means ' a scourge,' ' plague '

fleuret (le), 'floss-silk.' In fencing it means ' foil, ' as p. 40 1. 19

— démoucheté, ' a foil with the button off*

fois (la), ' time' à la — and tout à la — mean ' at one and the same time,' 'ail together ' de — à autre, ' from time to time ' une bonne — , ' once for ail ' une — pour toutes, ' definitely ' les rares — , ' on the rare occasions ' folle: usual meaning, 'silly,' ' mad.' On p. 7 1. 5 it means ' madly in love, ' or ' passionately fond.' The masculine is fou, but fol is used before a word beginning with a vowel or h mute, as un fol enfant. Cf. bel, nouvel, mol, etc.

fond (le), 'bottom,' ' depth,' ' foundation,' 'ground,' ' background,' 'basis,' 'stock' au — de, ' in the most remote or re-

tired part of ' le fin — , ' the lowest depths ' bas- — , 'shoal,' 'shallow' couler à — ' to sink ' (a ship), ' run dovvn ' (a person), ' exhaust ' (a subject) à — , ' thoroughly' au — , dans le — , ' in the main ' fondre, ' to melt,' 'smelt,' 'cast,' ' dissolve,' ' blend '

— en larmes, ' to burst into tears ' fonds de commerce (un), 'a

business,' ' shop ' fonts, m. pi. : les fonts de baptême, ' the font ' tenir un enfant sur les — , ' to stand

sponsor for a child ' The word must not be confused with fond or fonds force (à), 'much,' 'extremely'

de — , />a? , ' forcibly,' ' by force '

à — de, 'by dint of ' forcené (un), 'a madman ' fortune (la), 'fortune,' 'chance,' ' risk,' ' péril,' ' lot,' ' wealth ' bonne — , p. 28 1. 24, means 'a pièce ofluck,' 'agodsend'

fouchtra ! a vulgar exclamation,

chiefly used in Auvergne four à chaux (le), ' lime-kiln ' le four is 'an oven,' ' bake-house,'

' kiln ' il y fait noir co»t7tie dans un — , ' it

is as dark as pitch there ' la chaux is ' lime ' fourrier (le), ' quartermaster,'

' pay-sergeant ' fripier (le), ' old-clothes dealer ' la friperie, ' second -hand clothes,' ' old furniture ' friser, ' to curl the hair, ' ' to crisp,' ' rufïïe,' ' graze ' se faire — is 'to hâve one's hair curled ' (by a hair-dresser), as p. 41 1.27 froidement, 'coldly' ; p. 20 1. 13, ' in cold blood ' être vêtu — , ' to be thinly clad' frotter is ' to rub,' ' wax and polish,' ' pommel'

— une allumette, ' to strike a match ' on Ta frotté d'importance, or comme

il faut, ' he has had a good drubbing ' je saurai vous — les oreilles, ' I will box your ears for you ' fuir is used actively in the sensé of ' to fly from,' ' escape from,' as p. 45 1. 27

— le péril, ' to avoid danger '

— un éloge, ' to shrink from praise ' fuyait, 'shunned'

gagner (il y a de quoi) : gagner, ' to gain,' ' win,' is also used of diseases ; gagner un rhume, ' to catch cold.' Transi, on p. 54 1. 11 ' it is enough to give one ophthalmia,' ' it is enough to put one's eyes out ' gale (la), 'the mange'; also ' itch,' ' scurf être méchant cotnme la — , ' to be a

very démon ' This word must not be confounded with la galle, 'a gall-nut,' 'oakapple ' The adjective from gale is galeux, from galle, gallique galon (le), 'lace,' 'tape'; also, as on p. 24 1. 28, a petty officer's

Vocabulary

stripes, worn on the sleeve, and differing according to grade le — d'or, ' the gold cord ' (of an

officer's tunic) quand on p?-end du — , on n'en saurait trop prendre, ' as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb '

galopin (le), 'errand-boy,' 'seullion ' ; also used disparagingly, as on p. 39 1. k, for ' an urchin,' ' imp,' ' vagabond' garçon (le), 'boy,' 'lad,' 'fellow,' 'bachelor,' ' journeyman,' ' shop-boy,' ' waiter ' les — s de la noce, ' the bridesmen '

reste* , ' to remain single '

un vieux — , ' a bachelor ' garde (la), 'the police,' ' policeofncers ' le — . 'a guardsman,' 'keeper,' etc.

garni (le) is a furnished lodginghouse (for workmen) where a very inferior bed can be had for the night

garni is from garnir, ' to furnish,'

' trim,' etc.

un — is short for un hôtel — or un

logement — une garnie for une maison garnie garnisonné : p. 27 1. 5 transi.

' where he had been garrisoned ' or ' stationed ' la garnison means ' a garrison ' gêné, from gêner, means 'cramped,' ' pinched,' 'uneasy'; on p. 17 1. 12 ' short of cash,' ' in narrow circum stances ' être dans la gêne, ' to be hard up ' la gêne is from the Hebrew Gehenna ; the original meaning of ' torment,' 'torture,' having become softened down giberne (la) : this word now means a cartridge-box covered with leather, but it was formerly applied to a kind of bag or pouch in which grenades were carried gorge (la), 'the throat,' 'neck,' 'bosom,' ' mouth,' 'défile,' ' groove,' etc.

sauter à la — de quelqu'un, ' to seize

a person by the throat ' mal de — , ' sore throat ' rire à — déployée, ' to split one's sides with laughter ' gorgées (boire à petites), ' to sip

slowly ' gosse (le) : a slang word, corresponding in meaning to ' little chap ' ; used for un moutard gouailleur, 'jeering,' 'chafhng' gourgane (la) is the common bean, also c&Mzàfève de marais grâce à, ' thanks to ' gradin (le), 'step,' 'shelf,' ' bench ' ; p. 43 1. 19 raised seats or benches, such as are used in a school or amphithéâtre, arranged in tiers grand, ' full,' ' wide'

au — galop, ' at full gallop '

au — soleil, ' in the full sun,' ' exposed

to the heat ' toute grande {ouverte), ' wide open ' gras, fem. grasse, ' fat,' ' greasy,' as on p. 41 1. 25, ' thick ' dormir la — se matinée, ' to sleep it

out ' les jours — , ' shrove-tide ' gras is also used as a noun, meaning ' fat ' or ' flesh ' gredin (un), 'a scoundrel,'

' blackguard ' grignoter : lit. ' to nibble ' ; p. 2 1. 26 in the popular sensé of ' to scrape together ' (money), ' to make a little profit ' grimace (la), 'grimace,' 'wry

face,' ' sham,' ' humbug ' faire la — , ' to make faces,' ' to testify di-gust.' It also means ' to grin at ' ; and of things, ' to pucker,' ' crease ' ce collet fait la — . ' this collar puckers ' ce qu'il fait, ce n'est que par — , ' what he does is ail a sham grimper, ' to climb ' (using hands and feet) ; cf. gravir, escalader, monter grippe (prendre quelqu'un en), ' to take a dislike to a person ' la — means ' whim,' ' fancy,' ' influenza'

gris, ' grey,' ' tipsy,' ' halfdrunk '

en faire voir de — es à quelqu'un, ' to play a person ail kinds of tricks '

gris-pommelé, ' dappled-grey ' le ciel est fort pommelé, ' the sky is ail dappled '

gros is used in référence to bulk ; it is the reverse of menu and petit gras, 'fat,' is the reverse of maigre grand refers to height as well as moral worth

gros yeux (en faisant les) : faire

les — yeux is ' to open one's

eyes wide ' in sign of astonish-

ment or reproof

faire la — se voix is ' to speak gruffly '

les — ottvrages, ' rough jobs '

grouiller, ' to stir,' ' to move,'

' grumble,' ' swarm ' gueule (la), 'mouth' (of an

animal) gueux (le), 'beggar'; also ' scamp,' ' rascal' gueux, used as an adjective, means

'destitute,' 'beggarly' être — comme un rat d'église, ' to be as poor as a church mouse ' guimpe (la), 'wimple,' covering worn by nuns over the head and round the chin and sides of the face and neck

habitude (une), 'habit,' 'custom,' ' acquaintance ' prendre ses — s, ' to fréquent ' d' — , ' usually '

un homme à — s, ' a man of fixed habits,' 'of routine' habitué (un), 'fréquenter,'

' regular customer ' haillon (le), 'rag,' 'tatter' hâle (le), ' sunburn ' or ' tan' hâle meant originally ' heat of the sun,' thence it was applied to the effect produced by this heat, and in this sensé it is équivalent to teint h Aie heure (une), ' hour,' ' time,' ' o'clock,' etc.

tout à V — , 'just now'; also 'in a

moment ' le quart d' — de Rabelais, ' a trying

time,' 'settling-time' à V — de midi, ' at noon ' cherclier midi à quatorze — s, ' to seek for difficultés where there are none' un livre d' — s, 'missal,' ' prayer-book ' de bonne — , ' early ' à la bonne — , ' well and good ' sur l' — , ' forthwith ' pour V — , ' for the présent ' home (at) : the French hâve no word exactly équivalent to the English 'home,' hence the English expression ' at home ' is introduced on p. 35 1. 22, but incorrectly. ' Home ' alone should hâve been used. ' At home ' is probably suggested by chez soi homme (un), 'a man'; used familiarly, as on p. 17 1. 23, for 'husband.' Cf. Germ. DJlamt, and Scotch use of man hospice (un) : p. 34 1. 11, 'charitable institution,' ' alms-house. ' Formerly the word hôpital was used of ail places destined to receive the poor, whether ill or not ; now the use of the* word is restricted to institutions for the réception of the sick only, and hospice is used for houses which receive the poor, old, incurables, foundlings, etc.

hôte (un), f. hôtesse, may be

either ' a guest 'or 'a host ' hôtel (un), 'mansion,' ' private résidence ' " Les bourgeois occupent des maisons ; les grands, les riches, à la ville, occupent des hôtels ; les rois, les princes, les évêques y ont des palais ; les seigneurs, les riches ont des châteaux dans leurs terres " huissier-priseur (un) : équivalent to un commissaire-priseur, 'an appraiser,' ' auctioneer,' * one who receives biddings at an auction and adjudges lots,' etc.

Vocabulary

humeur (une), 'humour,'

' temper,' ' bad temper,' ' whim '

prendre de V — , ' to lose one's temper'

chacun a ses — s, ' every one has his

caprices '

if (un): lit. ' ayew-tree'; p. i 1. 21 a stand, intended to hold lights for illuminations, which is pyramidal in form, and when lighted présents somewhat the appearance of a yew-tree

il y a (qu'est-ce qu), ' what is the matter ? '

impassible, 'impassible,' ' unmoved,' ' undisturbed '

incongruité (une), an unseemly word or speech, one which sins against the rules of propriety or good society

inculpé (un), as a noun, ' the accused '

indigènes : an adjective used as a noun. On p. 23 1. 8 employed in a familiar, joking way for ' inhabitants' (natives)

indigné, 'indignant.' The

quality of the persons is applied to their faces This word niust not be confounded with indigne, ' unworthy '

individu (un), 'individual* ; also ' person, ' ' personality '

avoir soin de son — , ' to take care of number one '

• in-folio (un) : this name is applied to books of the largest size, in which the sheets are simply folded in two. PI. des in-folio

intelligence (vivre en bonne), ' to live on good terms,' ' to keep up a good understanding '

intérieur (un), 'interior,' ' inside, ' ' inland, ' ' home '

■un tableau d' — , 'domestic scène' le ministre de l — , 'Home Secretary' prendre U7ie place cT — , ' to take an inside seat ' (in an omnibus, etc.) interne (un), ' boarder ' ; ' house-

surgeon ' (in a hospital), often called interne des hôpitaux

jeannette (la) : a cross with a narrow velvet ribbon to hang round the neck Jeannette also means ' Janet,"Jenny,' and technically t/ne jeannette is ' a spinning-jenny ' jeu (le), 'game,' 'sport,' 'play,' ' gaming, ' ' stakes, ' ' set ' or ' pack, ' ' exécution, ' ' acting ' des dettes de — , ' gaming ' or ' gamb-

ling debts ' cela passe le — , 'that is beyond a

joke' — x de mots, ' witticisms ' le — ne vaut pas 'la chandelle, * the

game is not worth the candie ' avoir beau — , ' to hâve a good

opportunity ' à beau — , beau retour, 'one good turn deserves another ' joncher is properly ' to strew with rushes,' hence ' to strew,' ' to sprinkle ' in gênerai, as hère jour (à) is équivalent to percé à jour, ' full of holes ' voir le jour, ' to see the light,' ' to be born' journée (la), 'day,' 'day's work' ; also 'a day's wages,' ' day's journey ' le jour is not used in the sensé of a

day's work toute la sainte — , ' the live-long day ' un homme de — , ' a day labourer' à grandes — s, ' by forced marches ' Judas (un), 'a traitor,' one who betrays his friend. The référence is to Judas Iscariot, the proper noun being used as a common noun. Cf. hercules,

P- 39 l 3i jupon (le), ' a short petticoat ' la jupe is usually used for a long petticoat or skirt

képi (le), a 'kepi,' or 'cap,' first worn by French troops in Algeria. It has a flat circular top inclined forwards and a fiât vizor

kirsch (punchs au) : punch in which the spirit used is kirsch, an abbreviation of Kirschxvasser, that is, a spirit distilled from cherries, chiefly in the Vosges and the Black Forest.

Cf. note, p. 28 1. 5

lâche, 'loose,' 'slack,' 'idle'; hence ' craven ' or 'dastardly,' ' base,' ' mean' un — is 'a coward,' ' recréant' lâcher, ' to loosen,' ' let go'

— une parole, un mot is used popuiarly in the sensé of to say something inconsiderately which may wound or displease the hearer, ' to let slip '

In qu'il lâchait, p. 43 1. g, lâcher meanstoutter words designedly, in order to produce a desired effect lâcheur (le): lit. 'a raftsman.' Also used in a figurative sensé, only lately introduced, of one whoreadily abandons his friends, ' a turncoat,' ' déserter' laisser, ' to leave ' laisse là le soufflet, ' leave the hellows

alone ' laissez-le, 'leave him alone,' ' let him alone ' lame (la), 'blade' (of a knife),

' wave' (of the sea) lanterne (la), 'lantern,' ' skylight,' 'street lamp,' etc. In the plural it often means ' rubbish,' ' nonsense ' libre, 'free,' 'exempt,' ' unoccupied ' avoir le champ — , ' to hâve a free

liand ' à l'air — , ' in the open air ' lier, 'tobind,' 'tie,' 'connect,' etc.

lié avec means 'intimate with,' 'on friendly terms with.' Used in a figurative sensé, attaché à quelqu'un means that one has an attachment for a person, which need not necessarily be returned ; but lié avec quelqu'un implies that the friendship is mutual

— conversation, ' to enter into conversation '

lieu que (au) : distinguish between au lieu que, ' whereas,' and au lieu de, ' instead of ' lit de camp (le), ' portable campbed ' ; also a raised and inclined planking, on which mattresses may be placed, and several people can sleep in rows, side by side livre (la), ' pound' Distinguish between la livre, ' pound,' from the Lat. libra, ' a scale,' and le livre, ' a book,' from the Lat.

liber, ' a book ' Lombard, (le) : inhabitant of

Lombardy, Lombard londrès (le) : a kind of Havannah cigar, first manufactured for the English (Londoners) loque (la), ' rag,' ' tatter ' lors (pour), ' that being the case ' ; also ' at that time,' ' then ' dès — , ' from that time,' ' since then '

— de, ' at the time of ' lorsque or lors . . que, ' when '

loto (le), ' loto,' or ' lotto,' a game of chance, hère used in a gênerai sensé loup (le), 'a wolf,' ' black velvet mask ' ; also used as a term of endearment, as we say 'chick,' ' ducky ' The French also address a child as mon gros loup, or loulou, the latter being a reduplication of loup à pas de - — , ' stealthily ' entre chien et — , ' at dusk '

— de mer, 'jack-tar'

lourd, ' heavy,' ' unwieldy, ' gross,' etc. ; also ' clumsy,' ' awkward ' il a l'esprit — , ' he is dull '

lunch (le) : the English word has been borrowed, as the French hâve no exact équivalent for the word. Cf. also sandwichs, p.

55 1. 24, and in Vocab.

maçonner, * to do mason's work, ' ' to block or plaster up ' ; used figuratively, ' to bungle '

Vocabulary

magot (le) : usual meaning ' a baboon,' ' ugly figure ' ; also ' a secret hoard ' c'est un vrai — , 'he is a perfect baboon,' 'hideously ugly ' main-forte (prêter), ' to give assistance,' ■ help ' maïs (le), ' Indian corn ' mal (le), 'evil,' 'injury,' 'pain,' ' inconvenience,' ' disease ' où a-t-il pris ce — ? ' where did he catch that complaint ? ' malheur (pour son) : p. 39 1. 25,

transi. ' unluckily for him '

maman (la) is used colloquially

for the mother of a family, or

for a dame, motherly-looking

woman

manche (la), 'a sleeve ' ; also ' a

channel,' ' the English Channel '

il ne se fera pas tirer la — , ' he will

do it willingly' c'est une autre paire de — s, ' that is quite another thing,' ' that is quite another pair of shoes ' Notice that manche, the ' handle ' of a tool, is masculine ; le — de la c/iarrue, 'the plough- tail ' ; and that la Manche (the English Channel) always has a capital M

manger de baisers, or de caresses, ' to overwhelm some one with kisses or caresses ' manger is sometimes used absolutely in the same sensé

marin (on a le pied) : on a is used on p. 11 1. 19 for fai. Avoir le pied marin is ' to be sure-footed ' (asasailor), ashere. Sometimes it is used figuratively, when it means not to be disconcerted or put out by difficult circumstances

maritorne (la), 'an ill-shaped, unkempt, slatternly woman.' An allusion to Don Quixote's Mari t orna

massacrant, ' cross,' ' peevish ' d'une humeur — e, ' as cross as possible,' ' as cross as two sticks '

masse (la), 'a mass,' 'lump,' ' whole,' 'stock,' ' mace,' ' billiard-cue' ; p. 43 1. 1 'fund,' or

' savings,' used generally for money saved out of one's pay mater, ' to mate ' (at chess) ; fig.

' to bring down,' ' to curb ' matinée (la) includes ail the time from daybreak, or from the time we rise, till noon je n'ai rien fait de toute la — , ' I hâve done nothing the whole morning ' Mauresque (une), 'a Mooress' (inhabitant of Northern Africa) mauvais métier (le), ' poor

trade ' médaille (l'argent de sa) : a spécial allowance made to those who hâve won medals. Cf. the expression l'argent de sa croix, p. 25 1. 18 même, 'self,' 'same,' ' even ' quand — , 'in spite of that,' 'ail the

same ' tout de — , ' after ail '

— que: a vulgar expression, used for j'avais même, etc., ' I even had'

en — temps, ' at the same time ' ménage (se mettre en) and entrer en ménage both mean ' to set up housekeeping,' ' to hâve an establishment of one's own ' menotte(la) : diminutive of main, ' a little hand,' ' a tiny fist ' les — s, 'handeuffs,' 'manacles' mettre les — .y à quelqu'un is used figuratively for ' to hamper a person ' mer (la), ' sea' la grosse — , ' a rough sea,' or ' high

sea' la haute — , ' high water ' la basse — , ' lov water '

mère (la) is used familiarly when addressing a woman of the people of a certain âge. Cf.

' Old Mother Hubbard '

mijoter : in cooking, ' to simmer '

— un enfant, ' to cuddle ' or ' fond le a child '

se — , ' to coddle one's self up '

misère (la), 'misery,' ' poverty ' or ' want ' ; also ' a mère nothing, ' ' a trifle '

il a toujours quelques — s, ' there îs always something the matter with him' mistral (le), ' the mistral, ' the name given along the shores of the Mediterranean to the northwest wind. The south-east wind is called isséro moelleux, 'marrowy,' 'soft'

vin — , ' rich, racy wine ' moellon (le), 'ashlar,' i.e. a squared stone as distinguished from stones of irregular shape, but rough on the surface moi (à) : an exclamation, meaning 1 help ! ' Elliptical for venez à moi mois de nourrice (sans compter les) : an ironical expression, made use of in référence to a person who tries to make himself out younger than he really is.

Transi. ' and a few months more ' monde (le), ' the world,' ' people' ; also used in a restricted sensé for a particular class, e.g. les bourgeois morale (de lui faire de la), ' to

lecture him ' mordre dans, 'tobite,' 'munch,' 'eat.' Used figuratively il n'y salirait — , ' it is too high for him' mort (pâle comme un) : un morl is équivalent to tin homme -mort, ' as pale as a corpse ' morte -saison (la), 'the slack season ' en pleine — , ' in the middle of the slack season ' moue (la), 'mouths,' 'pouting,'

' wry face '

faire la — means ' to pout,' ' make

mouths,' ' to sulk,' ' to pull a long

(or wry) face '

moule (le), 'a mould,' 'model,'

' shape,' is from the Lat. modu-

lus, diminutive of modus. It

must not be confounded with la

moule, *a mussel,' from the Lat.

musculus, diminutive of mus moulinet (faire le) : to twirl a

sword or stick round with ex-

traordinary rapidity, as on p.

29 1. 27, but generally in order

to ward off a blow muraille (la), 'wall,' is generally

used in a collective sensé, or

carries with it the idea of height

or extent le mur is used of any wall, great or small

naturel (le), ' nature,' ' disposition,' ' genuineness,' ' life,' ' native' chassez le — , il revient au galop, ' what is bred in the bone must corne out in the flesh ' noce (la), 'marriage,' 'wedding,' ' wedding- party ' ; used figuratively for 'amusement,' 'dissipation,' in a popular sensé faire la — , ' to enjoy one's self n'être pas à la — , ' to be in no pleasant situation ' noceur (le), ' reveller,' ' loose

fellow ' noircir du papier, ' to blot (lit.

blacken) paper,' i.e. to scribble, or write rubbish noisette (couleur de), ' hazel ' nom de nom : an oath, in which the second nom is put euphemistically for Dieu. Transi. ' by Jove ! ' note (la), 'note,' 'remark,' ' bill' or ' account ' ; also ' a mark, ' or ' stain ' nourrir, ' to feed,' * nourish ' ;

' to support,' ' maintain ' nouvelle (la), 'pièce of news,' ' tidings ' ; also ' a very short romance,' or ' taie ' envoyer savoir des — ^ de quclqu'zin, ' to send to inquire after some one' je sais de vos — , ' I hâve heard of your goings-on' nuage (le) is a doud of consider-

Vocabulary

able density and distinctness of outline la nue is less opaque and distinct, and

occupies an indefinite space, usually

at a higher altitude than a nuage.

Both words are used figuratively chassez ce — , 'shake off this fit of

sulks' tomber du haut des nues, ' to be

thunder-struck '

office (m.), ' duty,' 'service,' ' divine service ' le saint — , ' the Inquisition ' office (f.) means 'servants' ha!l'; (f. pi.) 'larder,' 'buttery,' etc., dependencies of the kitchen

officier d'ordonnance (un), * an

orderly ' ogive (une) : an ogee, or pointed arch withj-shaped sides ; a rounded arch is called à plein centre, or semicircular ordinaire (un); ' daily fare ' vin d' — , ' table wine ' connue à V — , ' as usual ' d' — , pour V — , ' usually '

oreille (une), ' ear,' ' hearing,' ' dog's ear,' anything ear-shaped tirer les — s à quelqu'un, ' to pinch some one's ear ' as a playful token of friendship faire la sourde — , ' to turn a deaf ear ' baisser l' — , ' to look downcast ' échauffer les — s à quelqu'un, ' to provoke a person ' oui-da, ' certainly,' or ' indeed ! ' oui-da is sometimes used ironically in the sensé of ' really ! ' ' you don't ■ mean to say so ! ' ouvrier maçon (un), ' workingmason,' ' brick-layer '

paille (la), 'straw,' 'mote,' 'flaw'

chaises de — , ' straw-bottomed chairs '

tirer à la courte — , ' to draw lots '

il mourra sur la — . ' he will die in a

ditch '

pantalon de fatigue (le), 'a

pair of everyday trousers ' pantoufles de tapisserie, ' canvas slippers ' la pantoufle is ' a slipper ' la tapisserie usually means ' tapestry,' 4 hangings '

faire tapisserie, to sit down at a bail without being asked to dance, ' to be a wall-flower ' parent (le), ' relative ' les parents, ' the fami'.y,' ' ancestors ' ; also, in particular, 'parents' parenthèses (entre), lit. ' between parenthèses ,' ' in brackets,' may be freely translated on p. 53 1.

30 ' between ourselves ' par parenthèse, 'by the bye' parer, ' to adorn,' ' stt off,* 'dress, ' 'clear,' ' parry,' 'screen,' ' ward off ' ; hence ' to make good,' ' to cover ' paroisse (la), 'parish,' ' parish

church, ' as on p. 2 1. 20 part (quelque), ' somewhere ' la — means ' share,' ' portion,' ' place,'

etc.

faire — de quelque chose à quelqu'un,

' to inform a person of something ' prendre en mauvaise — , ' to take

amiss' de — et a' autre, ' hither and thither,'

' on both sides ' à — lui, ' tacitly '

particulier (en), 'in private ' en mon — , ' as for me,' ' for my part '

passant (le), ' passer-by '

passé maître, ' past master. ' The original meaning of passer maître was to be received as ' master ' after having passed ail requisite tests

passer la nuit, ' to sit up ail night ' ; lit. ' to pass ' or ' spend the night '

pâté (le), 'pie,' 'block,' ' blot '

patère (la), 'patera,' ' curtainpeg ' ; on p. 27 1. 13 an ornament of gilded copper in the form of an ancient patera, used for hanging up hats, cloaks, etc.

Transi. ' hat-peg '

patron (le), 'patron,' 'patron saint,' 'master,' ' governor, ' 'coxswain.' It is used familiarly for the master of a house or establishment

pays (le) : usual meaning, ' a

country,' 'native country' ; usecl familiarly, on p. 5 1. 16, for the inhabitant of the same locality or district as the speaker. In this sensé it takes a féminine, la payse, 'the fellow - country woman '

écrire au — , ' to write home '

au — , ' at home '

pêcheur à la ligne (un), 'an angler ' pêcheur, ' afisher,' féminine pêcheuse must not be confounded with pé cheur, 'a sinner,' féminine pêche resse. Distinguish likewise be tween pêcher, ' to ftsh,' and pêcher ' to sin ' peine (la), 'penalty,' 'pain, ' punishment,' ' trouble, ' anxiety,' 'labour,' ' task, ' dimculty ' avoir — à, ' to hâve much ado to,' ' to hâve great dimculty in ' à — , ' scarcely '

à grand' — , avec — , ' with dimculty ' à — . . que, ' no sooner . . than '

peloton (le), ' bail ' ; hence 'group,' ' knot,' used in a military sensé for ' platoon, ' ' Company '

pénitence (la), 'pénitence,' ' repentance ' ; then ' penance, ' ' punishment ' mettre un enfant en — , ' to send a child into the corner'

pension (la), ' board ' ; also ' a boarding - house,' ' boarding school,' ' pension.' Pension is usually the sum paid for board and lodging, but, on p. 33 1. 27, it refers to the sum paid for board only une — viagère, ' a pension for life '

perception (la), 'collection,' ' collectorship,' ' perception' ; also équivalent to participation in receipts, i.e. ' a pension ' un percepteur is ' a tax-collector '

père (le) : a familiar title sometimes given by soldiers to their officers

perpétuité (à), 'for life'; lit.

' for ever ' petiote (la) : a familiar diminutive of petite, ' little one,' used as a noun petit, 'small,' 'humble,' 'of low standing ' ; as \ve say ' a small shopkeeper ' le — ■ peuple, ' the common people ' le — -jïls, ' grand-son ' en — , ' in miniature '

— à — , ' little by little *

le — nom is used familiarly for ' Christian name ' pièces (être près de ses), ' to be short of cash, ' ' to hâve very little money ' pièces also means ' rooms ' N.B. Appartement is the whole of which pièce is a part pilier (le), 'pillar,' 'post.' Used figuratively for a regular customer at a tavern

— de cabaret, d'estaminet, 'a perpétuai tippler'

pilon (le) : usual meaning, ' a pestle' ; hence 'a stump' ; either the stump of a wooden leg, as on p. 31 1. 24, or the stump of a leg when the foot has been amputated

pince-nez (le) , ' a double eyeglass ' ; pi. des pince-nez pincer is literally ' to pinch,' ' squeeze '

piquer, ' to prick,' ' sting,' ' spur,' etc. ; translate étaient piquées, p. 43 1. 22, 'were fixed,' 'stuck'

— une tête, ' to take a header '

pis (tant), ' so much the worse ' qui — est, ' what is worse ' au — aller, ' if the worst cornes to the

worst ' c'est votre — aller, ' it is your last

resource ' de mal en — , de — en — , ' from bad

to worse '

place de nacres (la), ' hackneycoach stand,' ' cab-stand ' prendre un fiacre à la course, ' to take

a cab by the drive ' place also means ' a public square '

plaisir (faire — à), 'to oblige,' 'do

Vocabulary

a service to ' ; transi. ' to please your mother,' p. 18 1. 28 bête à faire plaisir, ' egregiously

stupid.' See bête faire à quelqu'un le plaisir de, a familiar expression, meaning ' to Le so kind as to ' planche (la), ' plank,' 'board,'

' bed ' ; ' shelf,' p. 40 1. 17 faire la — , ' to float ' monter sur les — s, ' to go on the stage '

planchette (la), ' small board,' 1

' desk ' planter, 'to plant,' 'set,' 'place' il est allé — ses choux, ' he bas re- | tired into the country ' plastron (le), ' plastron ' or \ 1 breast-piece,' made of wadding and covered with leather, which a fencing - master wears when teaching his pupils. Used of persons it means 'a butt,' ' laughing-stock ' plongeon (le), 'dive,' 'plunge'; also ' diver ' (bird) faire le — , ' to dive,' 'duck,' 'steal away ' ; also ' to back out ' plurésie, i.e. la pleurésie, 'pleurisy,' inflammation of the pleura or membranes lining the walls of the chest and reflected over the surface of the lungs poigne (la) : a popular word meaning the strength of a fist . {le poing) or wrist ( le poignet).

Transi. ' grip," ' grasp ' poignée (la), 'handful,' 'handle,' 'holder,' ' hilt ' une — de main, ' a handshake ' . une — de monde, ' a handful of people ' la — d'une épée, ' the hilt of a sword ' à — , ' by handfuls '

poing (le), ' fist'

montrer le — à quelqu'un, ' to shake one's fist at some one '

pointe (la), 'point,' 'tip,' 'tack,' ' relish,' ' pun,' etc.

marcher sur ses — s is ' to walk on

tip-toe' la — du jour, ' the peep of day '

être en — de vin, ' to be rather tipsy ' faire des — s, ' to pun ' policier (le), ' policeman ' ; a

popular and depreciative term pomme (la), 'apple,' 'head,' ' bail ' or ' knob '

une canne à — d'or, 'a gold-headed cane'

— de terre, ' potato '

— d'amour, ' tomato '

— de discorde, ' bone of contention ' portée (être à), ' to be within

reach '

porter (se bien), ' to be well in health '

pot-au-feu (le), méat to be boiled in a pot with vegetables to make soup ; boiled beef and broth ; pi. les pot-au-feu

poumons (les), 'lungs'

pourrir, ' to rot ' se — , ' to get rotten '

pratique (la), 'practice,' 'expérience,' 'habit,' 'custom,' and by extension ' customer '

présider, used as an active verb, means ' to préside,' ' take the chair ' (at a meeting)

— à is used in the same way, but means in addition ' to superintend,' 'watch over,' 'direct'

pris (ça lui a), ' it attacked him,' ' came on him ' (of a disease)

procédé ( mettant du blanc à son ) :

a billiard term, ' chalking the tip of his eue '

une queue à — is a eue fitted at the tip with a small round pièce of leather, called a ' top ' promener, ' to take out,' 'lead,' ' turn,' etc.

— ses yettx, ses regards, le regard autour de soi, ' to cast a look, a glance around '

va te — : a very familiar expression, usually corresponding to our phrase 'get along with you,' ' mind your own business'; transi, (p. 18 1. 12) 'ail my courage failed me'

propos de (à), ' with respect to,' ' regard to '

à — , 'atthe proper time,' ' by the

bye,' etc.

à — de rien, ' without motive or reason ' à tout — , ' at every turn '

province (la), 'province,' ' country ' de pro-vince, 'provincial,' 'country' (adj.)

qualité (la), 'quality,' 'property,' 'rank,' ' title, ' 'capacity' or ' character ' un homme de — , ' a man of high

rank ' avoir — pour faire une chose, ' to be qualified to do a thing' quart (battre son), ' to be on beat '

le — , ' quarte r,' ' watch ' les gens de — , ' the sailors of the watch '

quatre-bandes (le) : la bande, in billiards, is the padded cushion or the margin of the table

un carambolage par bandes is a

cannon formed by striking the edges

or cushions of the billiard-table ; on

p. 58 1. 7, ail four cushions

les bandes ne rendent pas, ' the

cushions are slow ' être collé sous bande, ' to be under the cushion' quatrième (au) : i.e. au quatrième étage, ' to the fourth floor ' (of a house) queuté : queuter is a term used in billiards for ' to make a foui stroke with the eue ' (la queue) quoi, 'what,' 'which' de — boire, ' the wherewithal to drink ' avoir de — , ' to be in easy circum-

stances ' comme — , ' how ' de — used as a noun means ' the

necessary' (siim) quoi! is used familiarly to sum up what has gone before, and is équivalent to en un mot

rabat (le) vvas originally a turneddovvn collar (rabattre, ' to turn down'), now it is used for the bands of a priest

raccroc (le), ' lucky hit,' ' fluke '

râle (le), ' rattling,' ' rattle in the

throat. ' Transi, p. 56 1. 12

' chuckle '

rat (le) : the sewer-rat is the com-

mon grey or brown Norway rat .

un — de cave, ' exciseman ' ; also

' small wax taper ' à bon chat, bon — , ' diamond eut

diamond' la ratière, ' rat-trap ' rata (le), short for ratatouille, a popular term for a coarse kind of ragoût or ' stew ' rater, ' to miss fire,' ' flash in the pan,' ' break off'

je crains bien que ce mariage ne rate, ' I fear that marriage will be broken off' — un coup, ' to miss a stroke ' réception (la), 'receipt,' 'réception,' ' welcome,' 'levée,' and ' admittance ' into a company

accusez - moi — de ma letty-e, ' acknowledge the receipt of my letter »

receveur de l'enregistrement (le), 'recorder,' 'registrar. ' The mil title hère is receveur de l'enregistrement et des domaines, ' the officiai who stamps or registers documents ' receveur des contributions, ' tax gatherer ' rechercher, ' to seek ' or ' search

out with care ' récidiviste (le), ' old offender ' un — is a man who, after having been imprisoned for a certain crime, is caught repeating it récidiver is ' to commit the same

crime,' 'relapse' la récidive, ' relapse,' ' fresh offence '

réclamer, 'toclaim,' 'own' redingote (la), ' frock-coat,' is a

corruption of the Engl. ' riding-

coat ' regarder, ' to look,' 'consider,'

'examine,' ' concern ' réglementaire is used on p. 32