chapitre, m., chapter, council of a bishop
chaque, each, every.
charbonnière (mésange), /., titmouse.
chardonneret, m., goldfinch.
charge,/, charge, office.
charger, to charge, load, intrust.
charme, m., yoke-elm.
charpente,/, framework.
charrette,/, cart.
charrue,/, plough.
chasse,/, hunt, hunting.
chasseur, m., hunter.
châssis, w., frame.
châtaignier, /«., chestnut-tree.
chatoyer, to glisten.
chaud, -e, warm, hot.
chauffer, to beat, warm.
chaume, m., stubble, stubble-
field; straw; thatch.
chaussée,/, causeway, road.
chef, ;//., chief, superior.
chef-lieu, m., chief town.
chemin, m., way, road; — de
fer, railroad.
cheminée, /., chimney, mantel-
piece.
chemise,/, shirt.
chêne, m., oak.
cher, chère, dear.
cher, adv., dear, a great deal.
chercher, to seek, search for,
look for; se — , iook for each
other.
chéri, -e, cherished, dearest,
darling.
chéti-f, -ve, wretched, puny.
cheval, m., horse ; à — , on horse-
back.
chevelure,/, hair.
cheveu, m., hair.
chevron, m., rafter.
chez, at or in or to the house of ;
within; — soi (eux), at one's
(their) house, room; home.
chien, m., dog, hound; temps
de —, very bad weather.
chœur, m., chorus.
choisir, to choose, sélect.
choix, ;«., choice.
chose,/, thing, affair.
chute,/, fall.
cicatrice,/, scar.
cidre, m., cider.
ciel, 7)1., heaven, sky.
cieux, plural of ciel, cil, m., eyelash.
cime,/, top, summit.
cimetière, m., cemetery.
cinq, five.
cinquantaine,/., about fifty.
cinquième, fifth.
circonstance, /., circumstance,
occasion, ciré, -e, waxed; toile — e, oil-
cloth.
citer, to cite, summon.
civière,/., litter, stretcher.
clair, -e, clear, bright.
Clair,w., clearness, transparency.
clairement, clearly, plainly.
clairière,/., clearing, glade.
clairon, m., clarion, bugle; bu-
gler.
clairsemé, -e, thinly scattered.
clameur,/., clamor, outcry. claquer, to flap up and down.
clarté, /., clearness, brightness,
transparency.
classe,/., classroom.
classer, to classify.
clef (/;-c7«..- X'AO,/., key.
clerc, m., clerk; clergyman
priest. [tient
client, 7n., client, customer, pa clientèle, /., custom, practice
customers.
cligner, to wink.
cloche,/., bell.
clocher, m., steeple.
cloison, /., partition.
clos, -e, closed.
clôture,/, enclosure, fence.
clou, m., nail.
coasser, to croak.
cocarde, /., cockade.
cœur, m., heart.
coffre, m., cofîer, chest, box.
coiffe,/, head-dress; lining.
coiffé, -e, wearing; covered.
coiffer, to cap, surmount.
coin, w., corner, nook.
col, m., collar; pass, défile; faux-
— , collar.
colère,/., anger, rage.
colis, m., parcel.
collé, -e, glued; sticking fast;
very close to.
collègue, m., coUeague, fellow
member.
collet, m., collar; saisir au — ,
to seize by the throat.
colline,/, hill.
colombage, m., row of beams;
en — , timbered and plastered.
colonne,/, column.
colporteur, m., peddler.
combattre, to fight.
combien, how much, how many ;
how.
combles, w. //., frame of the
roof ; sous les — , in the attic.
commandant, m., commander, commande,/, order.
commandement, m., command,
order.
commander, to command, order.
comme, as, like, as if; how;
— si, as if ; — ça, such.
commencement, w., beginning.
commencer, to begin.
comment, how; — ! what !
commission, /., committee,
board.
commune, /., township, parish.
communion, /., communion ;
faire sa première — , to par-
take of the communion for the
first time.
compagne,/, companion.
compagnie,/, company.
compagnon, m., companion.
compartiment, m., compart-
complaisamment, obligingly, with complacency, lengthily.
complaisance, /., kindliness.
compl-et, -ète, complète; au — , whole.
complice, m. and /., accomplice.
compliqué, -e, complicated.
composer, to compose, form.
io6
comprendre, to understand.
compris, -e, see comprendre, compte, f/i., account ; se rendre
— , to realize.
compter, to count, number,
mention, concerner, to concern, relate to.
concerté, -e, preconcerted.
concitoyen, w., fellow-citizen.
concluant, -e, conclusive, to the
point.
conclure, to conclude.
concurrent, m., competitor.
conduire, to lead, take.
confiance, /., confidence, trust ;
avoir — , to believe.
confidence,/., secret.
confier, to confide, intrust, commit to the care of.
conflit, 7?i., conflict, clash, conformément à, in accordance
with.
confus, -e, confused, abashed.
connaissance,/., knovvledge, ac-
quaintance, consciousness;
avoir — de, to know.
connaître, to know, be ac-
quainted with ; se — en or
s'y — , be a good judge of, be
an expert in.
conquérir, to conquer, capture.
conquis, -e, see conquérir, conscience,/., conscience ; avoir
— , to be conscious.
conscription, /., enrolment,
drafting.
conscrit, m., conscript, recruit.
conseil, m., counsel, advice ;
council.
conseiller, m., councillor, ad-
viser.
conséquence, /., conséquence,
resuit.
conséquent, -e, conséquent ; par
— , consequently.
conserver, to préserve, keep,
leave.
considérer, to consider, look at.
constamment, constantly.
constater, to state; establish.
construire, to build ; se — , build for oneself.
consulter, to consult.
contempler, to contemplate, watch. [glad.
content, -e, pleased, satisfied,
contenter (se), to content oneself, be satisfied.
continu, -e, continuous.
continuer, to continue.
contraire, contrary, opposite; au — , on the contrary.
contrariété,/., annoyance, vexation.
contre, against.
contrée,/, country, région.
convaincu, -e, convinced.
convenable, proper, expédient.
convenir, to suit, please.
conviendrais, see convenir.
copier, to copy.
coq, w., rooster.
coquelicot, m., wild poppy.
corbeau, m., crow.
cordée,/., fishing-line.
cornette,/, headdress.
corps, tfi., body ; part.
correspondance,/, mail.
corriger, to correct, rectify, cure ; se — , reform.
corsage, m., bodice, waist.
cortège, w., procession.
corvée,/., extra duty, unpleasant task.
cosaque, m., Cossack.
côte , / , rib ; — à — , side by sida.
côté, m., side, way, direction; à — , near by, next; à — de, by the side of; de — , aside; askance; du — de, in the direction of ; de ce — , in that direction; d'un — , ou one side ; de l'autre, on the other side.
coteau, m., hillock.
cotillon, m., petticoat.
cou, m., neck.
couche,/., layer.
couché, -e, lying, reclining.
coucher, to lay down; se — , lie
down, go to bed.
coude, m., elbovv. coudée,/., cubit; d'une — . one
cubit high.
coudre, to sew.
coudrier, m., hazel, hazel-tree.
couler, to flow, run down, trickle
down.
couleur,/., color, character.
couleuvre,/., adder.
couloir, 711., corridor, hall; gully,
deep gorge.
coup, 771., blow, stroke; boire
un — , to hâve a drink ;
— d'épaule, move, jerk of the shoulder; — de feu, shot ;
— d'œil, glance; — de rhum, sip of rum ; — de tête, rash act ; à — sûr, to a certainty ; tout à —, ail at once, ail of a sudden.
coupe,/, eut, style.
couper, to eut, eut off, mow,
blow off ; trouble.
coupure,/, eut.
cour,/, eourt, courtyard.
courant, ;;/., stream.
courbé, -e, bent.
courber (se), to bend down,
stoop.
courir, to run, run about, be
spread, cireulate; le bruit
courut, it was rumored.
couronne,/, crown, wreath.
course,/, exeursion, jaunt. court, -e, short.
court, sec courir, courtaud, -e, dumpy.
courtoisie,/, courteousness.
cousu, -e, see coudre, couteau, m., knife.
coûter, to cost ; en —, cost, be
painful.
coutume, /., custom; de — ,
usually.
couture,/, needlework, sewing;
ouvrière de la — , dressmaker.
couturé, -e, seamed, scarred.
couturière,/., dressmaker.
couvée,/, eovey, brood.
couvert, -e, see couvrir, couveuse, /., brooding bird.
couvre-feu, m., curfew.
couvrir, to eover ; clôt.
craignant, see craindre, craindre, to fear.
crainte,/., fear.
crâne, w., skull.
crâne, bold, plucky, jaunty.
craquement, m., cracking, ereak-
ing.
craquer, to crack, creak, snap.
crépuscule, w., twilight.
cresson, 771., watereress.
crête, /., crest, top, summit,
ridge.
creux, ;«., hollow, palm ; bottom ;
hole.
creu-x, -se, deep, hollow, sunk-
en.
crever, to tear, rend; pierce,
appear.
cri, 771., cry.
cribler, to riddle.
crier, to cry, cry out, yell;
crackle, snap.
crin, VI., horsehair.
crinière,/, mane.
croire, to believe, think, deem ;
- — à, believe in.
croiser, to eross, fold; se — ,
meet, eross, clash, pass, be
exchanged.
crosse,/, butt-end.
croupe, /., erupper; en — , be-
hind me.
cru, see croire, cruellement, cruelly, painfully.
io8
crurent, crus, crut, see croire, cueillir, to pick.
cuir, m., leather.
cuire, to cook ; dry.
cuisine,/., cookin^ cuisse,/., thigh, bip.
cuivre, m., copper.
culbute,/., somersault.
cultiver, to cultivate.
curati-f, -ve, curative, healing.
cure,/., parsonage.
curé, m., curate, priest ; — de
canton, dean.
curiosité,/., curiosity.
cygne, ?«., swan.
dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into.
danser, to dance ; twinkle.
danseur, vi., dancer, dancing
master.
de, of, from, witb, by, for;
plus — {followedbya number),
more than.
débander (se), to disband.
débile, weak, feeble.
débiteur, m., debtor.
déboucher, to issue; meet.
déboulé, m., start (from a bur-
row).
debout, up, upright, standing, déboutonner, to unbutton.
débris, m. pL, ruins, remains,
fragments.
débrouillard, -e, resourceful.
début, m., beginning, outset.
décès, m., death.
déchirure,/., rent, breach, open-
ing.
décidé, -e, determined.
décidément, decidedly, really,
indeed.
décider, to décide.
déclarer, to déclare, state.
décliner, to décline, decay; fail;
slope.
décorer, to decorate, adorn.
découper, to eut eut.
découragement, m., discourage-
ment, dépression.
découvert, -e, see découvrir, découvrir, to discover, uncover,
lînd out, lay bare, show,
notice, perceive.
décrocher, to unhook, take
down.
défendre, to forbid; se — , défend oneseLf.
défense,/., warning, order.
déférence,/., déférence, regard, défiance,/, diffidence, distrust, défilé, m., défile, narrow pass.
défiler, to défile.
défleuri, -e, stripped of their
flovvers.
défoncé, -e, crushed.
défunt, -e, defunct, deceased.
dégager, to disengage; se — ,
free oneself, dégoûtant, -e, disgusting.
dehors, adv., outside; au — ,
out, outside; en — de, out of,
outside of.
dehors, ;«., outside.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, to breakfast, take
lunch.
delà, beyond; au — (de), be-
yond.
délibérer, to deliberate. délicieu-x, -se, delicious, de-
lightful.
délire, w., delirium.
demain, to-morrow.
demande,/., request.
demander, to ask, ask for, re-
quire.
démarche, /., step, proceeding.
démêler, to disentangle, unravel.
démesurément, excessively, im-
moderately.
demeurer, to réside, live, remain.
demi, -e, half ; heure, half
an hour; — -lieue, half a
league ; à — , half ; à VOix,
in a whisper, whispering.
demie,/., half hour.
démission, y., résignation; donner sa — , to resign.
demoiselle, /., young lady;
dragon-fly.
démolir, to demolish, pull down.
dénicheur, m., (nest) hunter.
dénombrer, to number.
dénouer, to untie, undo.
dent,/., tooth.
denteler, to indent, fringe.
dentellière,/., lace-maker.
départ, 771., departure; start
(from a burrow).
département, w., department
{one of the 86 territorial divis-
ioTts of France).
dépasser, to pass, go beyond,
exceed ; be higher, taller than.
dépêcher (se), to hasten.
dépendre, to dépend; corne, dépense,/, expense.
dépenser, to spend, use.
déplorer, to déplore, lament.
déployer, to unfold, display.
déposer, to lay down.
depuis, since, for, from ; — lors,
since that time.
déraisonner, to be delirious,
rave; talk nonsense.
déranger (se), to disturb oneself.
dérider, or se — , to relax, un-
bend oneself.
derni-er, -ère, last.
derrière, behind.
dès, from, since; — que, as
soon as; — le ... , from the
very . . .
désagréable, disagreeable, un-
pleasant.
désarmer, to disarm ; relent,
cause to relent.
désaveu, w., disavowal, déniai, desceller, to unbed, loosen.
descendre, to descend, go down.
descente,/., descent. désensorceler, to unbewitch,
throw the spell off.
désert, -e, désert, unfrequented.
désigner, to indicate, point out ;
appoint, choose.
désolation,/., sadness.
désolé, -e, aftlicted, distressed,
very sorry.
desserrer, to loosen, open; force
open, unlock.
desservant, ;«., priest.
dessiner (se), to project, stand
out.
dessus ; au , over, above
dessous, aJv., beneath.
dessous, 771., lining, inside.
destinée,/., destiny, fate.
détachement, w., detachment.
détacher, to detach, unfasten ;
untie ; se — , stand out in relief, détail, 771., détail, particular.
dételer, to unhamess.
détente, /., trigger.
détesté, -e, detested, disliked.
détonation,/, explosion, report
(of firear77is).
détour, 771., turn, bend; faire un
— d'une demi-lieue, to take
a circuitous road, longer by
half a league.
détourner, to turn away ; se — ,
turn around, turn aside, turn
away one's head; step aside;
se — de sa route, take another
road.
détrempé, -e, soaked, washed
out.
détruire, to destroy, kill.
dette, /., debt.
deuil, 771., mourning, sorrow.
deux, two; les — , both.
deuxième, second.
dévaler, to go down, corne
down.
dévaliseur, m., plunderer.
devancer, to get ahead of, beat,
outdo, outrun.
devant, befoie, in the présence
of ; in front of it.
développer, to develop, unfold,
open.
devenir, to become.
deviner, to guess.
devint, sce devenir, dévisager, to stare at.
devise, /., motto.
devoir, to owe ; be obliged, must,
hâve to, be to.
diable, m., devil; un pauvre — ,
a poor f ellow.
diagonale, /., diagonal ; en — ,
diagonally.
dialecte, m., dialect.
dicter, to dictate.
Dieu, m., God.
digérer, to digest.
digne, worthy; dignified.
dignité, /., dignity.
dimanche, w., Sunday.
diminuer, to diminish, décline.
dinde, /., turkey-hen.
dindon, /«., turkey.
dîner, /«., dinner.
dire, to say, tell; call for; be-
speak; se — , say to oneself ;
give oneself out as; c'est-à-
— , that is to say.
directeur, m., director.
diriger, to direct, conduct.
discours, w., speech, discr-et, -ète, discreet, cautions, discrètement, discreetly.
discuter, to discuss.
disparaître, to disappear.
disparu, -e, missing or dead
person ; sce also disparaître, disperser, to scatter.
disposer, to arrange, dispute, /., quarrel.
disputer (se), to dispute, con-
tend; vie with each other.
dissiper (se), to be dissipated,
pass away ; scatter.
distinguer, to distinguish; see;
recognize; se — , distinguish
oneself.
distrait, -e, inattentive, absent-
minded.
distribuer, to distribute, give
away.
distributeur, w., distributor,
dispenser.
dix, ten.
docteur, ;«., doctor, physician.
doigt, m., finger.
doit, see devoir, domaine, m., domain, estate,
property.
dominer, to dominate, overlook,
rise above.
donc, then, therefore ; now, pray.
donner, to give ; se — une attitude, strike an attitude, dont, whose, of whom, of which,
from whom, from which.
doré, -e, gilt, golden.
dormir, to sleep ; linger.
dort, see dormir, dos, VI., back ; en — d'âne, shelv-
ing.
dot, /., dowry.
doubler, to double ; upholster.
doublure, /., lining.
doucement, gently, sweetly.
douceur, /., gentleness.
douleur, /., pain, grief, douloureusement, painfully,
sadly.
douloureu-x, -se, sorrowful,
painful.
doute, m., doubt; sans — , un-
doubtedly.
douter, to doubt ; se — , suspect, dou-x, -ce, sweet, gentle, mild,
pleasant.
douze, twelve.
VOCABULARV
doyen, m., dean.
drame, m., drama; something
dramatic, exciting.
drap, 771., cloth, sheet.
drapeau, ;«., flag.
dressé, -e, set up, rising.
dresser (se), to stand erect.
droit, 771., right; avoir — à, to
be entitled to.
droit, -e, right, straight.
droit, adv., straight.
droite,/., right, right side; à — ,
to 07- on the right.
drôle, droll, queer, funny.
dru, -e, close set, thick; full-
fledged.
dune, /., hillock of sand.
dur, -e, hard, harsh, severe;
hard of hearing; — de figure,
with hard features ; — au mal,
proof against pain, tough.
dur, adv., hard, vigorously.
durant, for. durer, to endure, last.
dut, see devoir, duvet, m., down.
dynastie, /., dynasty, family.
eau, /., water.
éboulement, ;«., landslide.
ébouler or s' — , to fall down.
ébranler, to shake.
écaille, /., scale.
écart, 7)1., step aside; rester à
1' — , to stand aside.
écarté, -e, remote, out of the
way; parted.
écarter, to remove, set aside,
push aside, open; s' — , make
way; s' — d'un bond, jump
aside.
échanger, to exchange.
échapper, to escape; s' — , drop,
fall out.
écharpe, /., scarf; en — , girt
with his officiai scarf.
échelle, /., ladder.
échoir, to fall to the lot of.
échu, -e, see échoir, éclair, ;«., lightning; flash,
gleam.
éclat, 7)1., fragment, pièce, burst-
ing, burst; loud tone.
éclatant, -e, shining, bright.
éclater, to break out, burst forth.
éclosion, /., hatching.
écoulement, 7)i., flow, draining.
écouler (s'), to flow away, pass
away, elapse.
écouter, to listen to.
écran, w., screen.
écrier (s'), to cry out, exclaim.
écrire, to write, write down.
écriture, /., writing, handwrit-
ing.
écumer, to foam.
écurie, /., stable, édifice, 7/1., building, structure.
édredon, w., eiderdown, coverlet.
effacer, to efface, wipe away;
throw back; s' — , disappear,
vanish, stand aside.
effarer, to scare.
effet, 7)1., effect ; en — , in fact,
indeed.
efficacité, /., efficacy.
effleurer, to touch slightly, slide
along; — du regard, cast a
rapid glance.
effort, 7)1., effort, exertion.
effrayer, to frighten, scare.
égal, -e, equal, even; alike.
égayer, to cheer.
église,/., church.
égratigner, to scratch. Egypte,/., Egypt.
eh, ah ! oh ! well ! — bien ! well ! élan, 7)1., spring, impetus.
élargir, to widen; s' — , widen, extend.
élégiaque, vi., a person with an
elegiac turn of mind.
élevé, -e, high, tall.
élever, to raise, bring up, rear,
breed up; s' — , rise, arise.
éloge, m., eulogy, praise.
éloigné, -e, distant.
éloigner, to remove; s' — , go
away.
élue,/., elect; legatee.
embarras, m., trouble, embaumer, to embalm.
embrasser, to embrace, kiss.
embrouiller (s'), to get con-
fused, become dim.
émerveiller (s'), to wonder, be • amazed.
emmener, to take, take away,
carry away, drive, émouvoir, to move.
empaqueter, to pack up.
empereur, m., emperor.
emplir, tohll; s* — , fill, befilled.
emploi, JH., use.
employer, to employ, use.
emplumé, -e, fledged.
emporter, to carry away, take
away, take along.
empourprer (s'), to turn purple,
flush.
ému, -e, moved, excited, agi-
tated.
en, prep., in, into, on, for; while,
by; îike, as, in the shape of.
en, pron., of or from or\)-^ him or
her or it or them ; some, any.
encadrement, vi., frame.
encadrer, to frame, surround, encombrer, to obstruct.
encore, still, yet, again, more,
once more; — un, another.
encre,/., ink.
encrier, m., inkstand.
endormir, to put to sleep ; s' — ,
fall asleep.
endroit, m., place, spot, part;
par — s, hère and there.
enfance, /., infancy, childhood.
enfant, w. and f., child; avoir
l'air bon — , to look good na-
tured.
enfariné, -e, befloured, covered
with flour.
enfermer, to inclose, surround, enfiler, to get into, put on.
enfin, at last, finally, in short, enfler, to swell; s' — , swell,
swell up, increase.
enfoncer, to sink, drive in ; pull ;
outdo, beat; s' — , sink, dis-
appear, penetrate.
enfouir, to bury.
enfuir (s'), to run away.
engager, to engage, entangle,
compel ; s' — , enlist.
enguirlander, to adorn with a
garland.
enlacer, to entwine, clasp.
enlaidi, -e, having become ugly.
enlever, to carry away, take
away, take out, take off, remove.
ennemi, w., enemy, foe.
ennemi, -e, hostile, of the enemy.
ennuyer (s'), to be weary, be
bored, grow tired, hâve a te-
dious time of it.
énorme, enormous, huge.
enrichir, to enrich; s' — , get
rich.
enrouler (s'), to twine.
enseigner, to teach; s' — , be
taught.
ensemble, together.
ensemencer, to sow.
ensevelir, to bury.
ensuite, afterwards.
entamer, to encroach on.
entasser, to heap up.
entendre, to hear; — parler de,
hear of; n'y — rien, not to
know one's business, be a very
poor judge in the matter.
enterrement, w., burial, funeral.
enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.
entourer, to surround; n'être
pas entouré, -e, hâve no Company, entrain, m., ardor, spirit.
entraîner, to bring on, in volve.
entre, between, among.
entrée,/., en trance,entry, arrivai, entreprendre, to undertake.
entrer, to enter, go in.
entrevoir, to catch a glimpse.
entrevue,/., interview, entr'ouvert, -e, half-open, ajar.
entr'ouvrir, to open a little,
half-open.
enveloppe,/., cover, wrapper.
envelopper, to envelop, wrap
up, inclose, surround, enverrai, see envoyer, envers, towards, to.
envie,/., envy ; avoir — , to hâve
a mind.
envier, to envy.
environ, about.
envolée,/., flight.
envoler (s'), to fly away.
envoyer, to send.
épais, -se, thick, coarse.
épaisseur,/., thickness.
épaissir (s'), to thicken, get
thick.
épanouir, to brighten up, glad-
den; s' — , expand.
épanouissement, m., expansion, épargner, to spare, save.
épars, -e, scattered.
épaule,/., shoulder.
épée,/., sword.
épeler, to spell out, read with
difficulty.
éperdument, distractedly, to
distraction.
épi, m., ear of corn, épine,/., thorn.
épineu-x, -se, thorny.
épingle,/., pin.
épître,/., letter.
époque,/., epoch, time.
épouse,/., wife.
épouser, to marry, wed.
éprouver, to feel, expérience, épuiser, to exhaust.
éraflure,/., slight scratch.
erreur,/., error, mistake.
escalier, m., staircase.
escouade,/., squad.
espace, m., space, time.
espacé, -e, scattered.
espacer (s'), to occur at longer
intervais.
Espagne,/., Spain.
espèce,/., species, kind.
espérer, to hope.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m., mind; intelligence;
judgment; sensé.
essayer, to try.
essayeuse,/., fitter.
essor, VI., flight.
essuyer, to wipe. estimer, to estimate, esteem, et, and.
étable, /., stable; — à pourceaux, pigsty.
établir, to establish, settle, build.
étage, 7)1., story, flight of stairs.
étagère,/., stand, shelf.
étaler, to display; spread; lay
down ; expose to view.
étang, m., pond, étape,/., stage, day's march.
état, m., State, condition.
étau, m., vise.
été, 7n., summer. »
été, see être, étendre, to stretch ; s' — , stretch
oneself out; extend, spread.
étendu, -e,extensive; stretched,
lying down.
étoffe,/, stuff, cloth.
étoile,/., star, étonnant, -e, astonishing.
étonné, -e, astonished, sur-
prised.
étonnement, m., astonishment,
surprise.
étonner, to astonish, amaze;
s' — , be astonished, be sur-
prised, wonder.
étouffer, to stifle, choke.
étourdi, -e, dizzy.
étourdissement, ?«., fainting fit.
étrange, strange, odd.
étrang-er, -ère, foreign.
être, to be, exist.
être, i/i., being, créature.
étreindre, to choke.
étroit, -e, narrow ; close, étude,/., office.
étudiant, m., student.
étudier, to study.
eux, they, them, as for them ; —
-mêmes, themselves ; chez — ,
at home, évader (s'), to get away, slip
away, escape.
évanoui, -e, in a swoon.
évanouir (s'), to vanish ; s' —
en poussière, crumble.
évanouissement, m., fainting-fit.
évasé, -e, widening gradually.
évêché, 7?i., bishopric, diocèse ;
bishop's mansion.
éveillé, -e, awake ; non — ,
sleepy.
éveiller, to awake, awaken.
événement, »i., event.
évêque, ;«., bishop.
évidemment, of course, éviter, to avoid.
évoquer, to evoke, call up.
examiner, to examine, exaspérer, to exasperate.
excès, tn., excess.
exciter, to excite, rouse.
exclusivement, exclusively.
excuser, to excuse ; s' — de,
apologize for.
exécuter, to exécute.
exemple, m., example.
exercice, m., exercise, drill.
exigeant, -e, exacting.
expédier, to dispatch, send.
explication,/., explanation.
expliquer, to explain; s' — , ac-
count for.
extraordinaire, extraordinary,
unusual.
extrêmement, extremely.
extrémité,/., extremity, end.
fabriquer, to make.
façade,/., front, frontage.
face, /., face; en — , in front; opposite.
facile, easy.
façon,/, way.
facteur, m., letter-carrier.
faculté,/, faculty, power.
faible, feeble, weak.
faiblement, feebly, weakly.
faiblir, to fall, abate, weaken.
faillir, to be near, come near ; fail, faint.
faim, /., hunger ; avoir — , to be hungry.
faire, to do, make, cause, say, answer ; be {weather) ; — l'affaire, suit; — noir, grow dark ; — venir, send for ; se — , become; se — à, become accustomed to.
faisceau, m., stack of arms.
fait. H., fact, occurrence.
falaise,/., clifî.
falloir, to be necessary, must, require, want, take ; il nous faut . . . , we must hâve; qu'est-ce qu'il te faut ? what do you want ?
famille,/., family.
faner, to make hay.
fanfare,/, music, humming.
fanfaronnade,/., bragging,
fantaisie,/., fancy.
farine,/., flour.
farouche, wild, dismal.
fatigant, -e, difficult.
fatigue,/., fatigue, weariness.
fatigué, -e, tired.
faubourg, m., suburb.
faucher, to mow, eut. faudrait, see falloir, faufiler (se), to slip, skip.
faut, see falloir, faute, /., fault ; — de, for want
of.
fauteuil, m., armchair.
fauvette,/., warbler.
fau-x, -sse, false.
faux-col, w., collar.
favori, m., whisker.
féminin, -e, féminine, femme,/., woman ; wife.
fenaison,/, hay making.
fendre, to cleave, split ; se — ,
break, fenêtre,/., window.
fente, /., slit, gap, vacant space.
fer, m., iron ; en — de lance, in
the shape of a spear ; pointed ;
chemin de — , railroad.
ferai, see faire, ferme,/, farm, farm-house.
ferme, firm, steady.
fermement, firmly, strongly.
fermer, to shut, close.
fête, /., feast, festival; one's
patron saint's day.
feu, 7)1., fire, light.
feuille,/, leaf; sheet.
feuillu, -e, leafy.
feutre, m., felt.
fi-er, -ère, proud.
fièrement, proudly.
fièvre,/, fever.
figure, /., figure, face, appear-
ance.
figurer (se), to imagine, figurine,/, little figure.
fil, m., thread, yarn; — s d'a-
ragne, cobweb.
filer, to spin ; go off.
filet, /«., fishing net.
fille,/, girl, daughter, maid.
fillette,/, little or young girl.
fils, m., son.
fin,/, end.
fin, -e, fine, slender, thin, little,
small; pluie — e, drizzle.
finir, to finish, end; c'est fini,
it is ail over.
firent, fis, fit, see faire. *
fixé, -e, fixed, steady.
fixer, to fix.
flacon, w., bottle.
flageoler, to stagger.
flairer, to scent, smell, sniff.
flambée,/, blaze.
flamber, to flame, blaze.
flamme, /., flame, flash, fire;
beam.
flanc, m., flank, side.
flanquer, to flank.
flatter, to flatter, caress; — de
la main, pat.
flèche,/, arrow.
fléchir, to bend, weaken.
fleur,/, flower, blossom.
fleurir, to adorn with flowers.
fleuve, m., large river, flocon, w., flake. flotter, to wave, fluet, -te, slender.
foi, /., faith ; — de ... ! upon
my word!
foin, m., hay ; grass.
fois,/, time; une — , once; à
la — , at the same time.
folie,/, folly, madness, foolish
act.
folle, see fou.
foncé, -e, dark.
fonction,/, duty, ofiîce.
fond, 7ti., bottom, depth, end,
rear; au — , in reality.
fondre, to melt down, blend; se
— , melt, dwindle away, blend,
unité.
ii6
font, see faire.
force,/., strength, might ; à —
de, by dint of ; — lui fut, he
was obliged.
forêt,/., forest.
forme,/., form, shape, figure.
former, to form.
formidable, tremendous.
formule,/., set phrase.
fort, -e, strong, powerful, large ;
serious; thick ; heavy.
fort, adv., very, very much.
fort, m., fort, stronghold.
fortin, m., small fort.
fortuit, -e, fortuitous, casual.
fossé, m., ditch, moat.
fou, fol, folle, foolish, crazy,
mad, insaiie; dizzy, stupid ;
colère folle, towering passion;
herbe folle, weed; fou rire,
hysterical or uncontrollable fit
of laughter.
fouetter, to crack one's whip.
fouiller, to search, feel.
foulard, m., neckerchief.
foule,/., crowd.
foulée, /., slow step, hoof thud.
fouler, to tread.
fourche,/, fork.
fourniture, /., supply; — s de
bureau, office stationery.
foyer, w., hearth, fireplace.
frais, fraîche, fresh, cool.
frais, 771. pi., expenses, cost.
français, -e, French.
français, w., French language.
Français, w., Frenchman.
franchir, to jump over.
frapper, to strike, knock, tap;
clap.
frasque,/, trick, prank.
fraternel, -le, fraternal.
fraterniser, to act like brothers,
act friendly. [ling-
freluquet, 7n., coxcomb, weakfrémir, to shudder, tremble,
quiver.
frémissement, w., shudder;
quivering, trembling.
fréquenter, to fréquent ; use.
frère, w., brother.
friche,/, fallow.
frictionner, to rub.
frisé, -e, with curly hair.
frisson, w., shudder, shiver,
Chili.
froid, w., cold; avoir — , to be '
cold.
froid, -e, cold.
froidement, coldly.
froissement, w., crumple,
rumple.
froisser, to crumple; offend.
frôlement, w., rustling.
froment, i/i., whear.
front, m., forehead, brow, face;
de — , abreast.
frontière,/, f routier, frotter, to rub.
fuir, to flee.
fuite,/, flight.
fumant, -e, steaming, hot.
fumée,/., smoke.
fumer, to smoke.
funèbre, f unereal ; cérémonie — ,
funeral.
fureter, to rummage.
furieu-x, -se, furious, enraged.
fusil, 771., gun.
fusilier, w., fusileer.
futaine,/., fustian.
gâchette,/, tumbler.
gâcheur, w., bungler.
gagner, to gain, earn, win,
reach, make for; — le lit, go
to bed.
gai, -e, gay, cheerful.
gaillard, -e, brisk, hearty,
vigorous.
gaillard, w., determined fellow.
galon, m., stripe.
galop, m., gallop; au — , at a
gallop.
galoper, to gallop.
gamin, w., boy, urchin.
ganté, -e, with one's gloves on.
garantir, to guarantee, assure.
garçon, w., boy.
garde,/., guard, duty ; en — , on
guard; prendre — , to take
care; y prendre — , pay attention to it.
garde, m., gamekeeper.
garder, to guard, keep, watch
(over), préserve, tend ; se — ,
beware.
gardeur, w., keeper, herd.
garnir, to till, stuff; se — , be
covered ; be provided.
garnison, /., garrison.
garrot, m., withers.
gars, m., boy, lad, youth.
gâteau, m., cake, gâter, to spoil.
gauche, left.
gauche, /., left, left side; à — ,
to or on the left.
gazouiller, to twitter, chirp.
geai, m., jay.
géant, m., giant.
gelée,/., frost.
geler, to freeze.
gendre, m., son-in-law.
gêner, to trouble, inconvenience.
genêt, w., broom.
genêtière, /., broom-land.
genou, 7H., knee; à — x, on their
knees.
gens, m. or /., people, folk ;
bonnes — , my friends.
gentil, -le, nice.
gentiment, nicely, gracefully.
geste, m., gesture.
gibier, w., game.
gilet, m., waistcoat.
glace,/., ice.
glacé, -e, icy, cold, frozen.
glacial, -e, icy, cold.
glacis, m., glacis, smooth slope.
glane,/, gleaning.
glaneuse,/, gleaner.
glisser, to slip; se — , slip,
glide, creep.
gloire, /., glory.
glousser, to cluck, gobble.
gonfler, to swell, distend; se — ,
swell.
gorgée,/, draught, mouthful.
gouffre, m., abyss.
goupillon, »i., holy water
sprinkler.
gourde,/, gourd, flask.
gourmand, ;«., glutton.
goût, w., taste.
goutte,/, drop; goût, gouttière,/, gutter.
gouvernement, m., government.
grâce, /., grâce ; — à, thanks to,
owing to.
gracieu-x, -se, graceful.
grade, ;«., rank.
gradé, ?«., non-commissioned
officer.
grain, ;«., grain, berry.
graine,/, grain, seed.
grand, -e, great, large; tall;
high ; le — soleil, the hot sun.
grandir, to grow, grow up, in-
crease.
grand'mère,/., grandmother.
grand'peine (à), with great dif-
ficulty.
grand'père, w., grandfather.
granit, w., granité, gras, -se, fat.
grassement, comfortably.
gravement, gravely.
gravir, to climb.
gravure, /., engraving.
greffier, /«., clerk (of the court), grêle,/, hail.
grenier, m., garret.
grenouille, /, f rog.
grillon, m., cricket.
ii8
VOCAEULARY
grimper, to climb.
gringalet, m., weakling.
grippe, /., whim; prendre en
— , to take a dislike (to).
gris, -e, grey.
grisonnant, -e, getting gray.
grognard, m., growler; nick-
name given to the old soldiers
of the Plrst Empire.
grommeler, to grurable.
gronder, to grumble, scold.
gros, -se, big, large, heavy;
loud, coarse; wealthy, important, groseille,/., currant.
groupe, m., group.
grouper (se), to gather, form
into groups.
gué, m., ford; passer à — , to
ford.
guère, much ; ne . . . — , hardly,
scarcely, seldom.
guéridon, m., small round table,
stand. guérir, to cure, recover; se — ,
get cured.
guérissable, which may be
cured."^ guerre,/., war.
guêtre,/, gaiter.
guetter, to watch for, await,
wait for.
gueule,/, mouth.
gueu-x, -se, very poor; beg-
gar.
guidon, m., guidon, field colors.
guignon, m., bad luck.
guilleret, -te, brisk, merry.
guirlande,/, garland, wreath.
guise,/, manner; en — de, by
way of.
habillement, m., clothing.
habiller, to dress.
habit, m., coat; //., clothes, uni-
form.
habitant, m., inhabitant, habiter, to inhabit, live in.
habitude, /., habit, custom;
comme à 1' — , as usual ; d' — ,
usually.
habituel, -le, usual, ordinary.
habituer, to accustom.
haie,/, hedge.
haine,/, hatred.
hâlé, -e, sunburnt.
haletant, -e, panting.
halte,/, hait. hameau, m., hamlet.
hasard, w., hazard; au — , at
random.
hâte, /., haste; en — , à la — ,
hastily.
hâter, to hasten, quicken; se — ,
hasten, make haste.
hâtivement, hastily.
hausser, to shrug, raise.
haut, -e, high, tall, lofty,
haughty, loud, long, haut, m., top, height.
haut, adv., high, highly ; en — ,
upstairs, above.
hauteur,/, height, top.
hélas {soiind the 'j'), alas !
hennir {prou.: anir), to neigh.
hennissement {pron.: anisse-
7nent), m., neighing.
herbe, /., herb, grass, weed; —
folle, weed.
herbu, -e, grassy, grass-grown.
hérisson, m., hedgehog.
héritage, ;«., inheritance.
héritier, »i., heir.
héroïque, heroic.
hésiter, to hesitate.
heure, /., hour, o'clock, time;
de bonne — , early; tout à
1' — , just now, in a little while.
heureusement, happily, fortu-
nately.
heureu-x, -se, happy, fortunate.
heurter, to hit, knock against; acier heurté, clanging steel.
histoire, /., history, story, biography.
hiver, m., winter.
hocher, to shake, waggle.
holà, holloa, halloo.
hommage, vi., homage, respect ; rendre — , to pay homage.
homme, ;«., man.
honnête, honest.
honnêtement, politely.
honneur, w., honor; faire — à, to be a crédit to.
honoraire, honorary. retired.
honorer, to honor, do honor.
hôpital, m., hospital.
horreur,/., horror, awe, fear.
hors de, outside of ; service, unfit for use.
hôtel, m., mansion.
hourra, m., hurrah.
houssine,/., switch.
huée,/., hoot.
huile,/., oil.
huissier, m., sheriff's officer, bailiff.
huit, eight ; — jours, a week.
huitaine, /., about eight; dans la —, within the week.
humble, humble, poor, lowly.
humeur, /., humer, temper, disposition.
humide, humid, damp, moist, wet.
hurler, to howl.
hutte,/., hut.
hypocrite, hypocritical.
hypothèse, /., hypothesis, supposition.
ici, hère; d' — , from this place,
hence, from now.
idée, /., idea, thought, opinion.
idylle,/., idyl.
ignorer, to be ignorant of, not
to know.
île,/., island.
illuminer (s'), to brighten.
image,/., image, picture.
imaginer, to imagine, picture.
immaculé, -e, immaculate, spot-
less, untrodden.
immanquable, sure, infallible.
immédiatement, immediately.
immeuble, real ; biens — s, real
estate.
immobile, immovable, motion-
less.
impatient, -e, eager.
impatienté, -e, out of patience, impatienter (s'), to lose patience, grow impatient.
impérieu-x, -se, imperious,
haughty.
impiété,/., impiety.
imposer (s'), to be indispensable, impôt, ni., tax.
impraticable, impassable, imprimer, to impress; print.
imprudent, -e, rash.
incapable, unable.
incendie, w., fire, burning.
incliner (s'), to incline, stoop ;
be pointed.
incommode, inconvénient, un-
comfortable.
inconcevable, inconceivable.
inconnu, -e, unknown.
inconsidéré, -e, inconsiderate.
incubation,/., hatching.
indéfini, -e, unlimited, infinité.
indéfiniment, indefînitely, end-
lessly.
indien, -ne, Indian.
indigne, -e, indignant.
inédit, -e, new.
inégal, -e, uneven.
inerte, inert, lifeless.
inexpié, -e, unexpiated, una-
toned.
infirmière,/., nurse.
infliger, to inflict.
ingénier (s'), to set one's wits to
work, contrive.
ingénieur, m., engineer.
inimitié,/., enmity.
ininterrompu, -e, uninterrupted,
unbroken.
initiale, /., initial, injunction, /., command. • injure,/., insuit.
inqui-et, -ète, uneasy, restless.
inquiétant, -e, disquieting,
alarming.
inquiéter, to alarm.
inquiétude, /., uneasiness, anx-
iety.
inscrire, to write down.
insister, to insist.
insolite, unusual.
insomnie, /., insomnia, sleep-
lessness.
insouciant, -e, heedless, un-
mindful.
inspirer, to inspire, installer (s'), to sit down.
instance,/, entreaty.
insulter, to insuit, intéresser (s'), to be interested,
take an interest.
intérêt, m., interest.
intérieur, -e, interior, inside.
intérieur, m., interior, inside.
interrogatoire, m., examination.
interrompre, to interrupt, break
off.
intervalle, m., interval.
intimité,/., intimacy.
inusité, -e, unusual.
inutile, useless.
inventer, to invent, imagine;
play.
inviolé, -e, inviolate, intact.
irai, see aller, irisé, -e, irised, variegated.
irrévocablement, irrevocably.
isolé, -e, isolated.
italien, -ne, Italian.
ivre, drunk, intoxicated.
jachère,/., fallow land.
jadis (sound the s), formerly, jalousie,/., jealousy.
jamais, ever, never; ne — ,
never ; à — , for ever.
jambe,/., leg.
janvier, w., January.
jardin, m., garden.
jarret, ;«., hamstring, thigh.
jaune, yellow.
Jeannette, dimin. of Jeanne,
Jane.
jeter, to throw, cast, hurl, scat-
ter, shoot; se — , rush. jeune, young.
jeunesse,/, youth.
joie,/, joy.
joli, -e, pretty, nice.
joliment, nicely; heartily;
quickly.
joue,/, cheek.
jouer, to play; stake, risk.
jouir de, to enjoy.
jour, tu., day, daylight, day-
break ; petit — , dawn.
journal, m., journal, newspaper.
journée, /., day; events of the
di
joyeu-x, -se, joyous, joyful,
cheerful.
juger, to judge.
juin, m., June.
jument,/., mare, jurer, to swear.
jusque, until ; as far as, so far
as; to; even ; jusqu'à, until,
as far as, to, up to, even to, so
as to.
juste, just, right; tout — , just,
nothing but.
justement, just, precisely.
justice, /., justice; — de paix, court of the justice of peace.
là, there ; par — , that way, on
that side.
là-bas, yonder, over there.
laborieu-x, -se, toilsome, hard.
labourer, to plough, till.
lac, m., lake.
lâche, cowardly, mean.
là-dessus, thereupon, on that
subject.
là-haut, up there.
laine,/., wool; de — , woollen.
laïque, m., layman.
laisser, to leave, let, allow.
lance, /., spear; en fer de — ,
in the shape of a spear,
pointed.
lancer, to throw, hurl, cast.
lancier, m., lancer, lande,/., moor.
langage, wz., language.
lanterne,/., lantern.
lapin, w., rabbit.
lard, ?«., bacon, large, wide, broad.
larme,/., tear.
las, -se, tired, weary.
lassé, -e, tired.
lassitude, /., lassitude, fatigue,
weariness.
laurier, w., laurel.
lavande, /., lavender.
lécher, to lick.
leçon,/., lesson.
lecteur, ?«., reader.
lecture,/., reading.
légataire, m. and/., legatee.
légendaire, legendary, well-
known.
lég-er, -ère, light, slight.
légitime, legitimate, just.
legs {pronoiince : le), m., legacy.
lendemain, m., next day.
lent, -e, slow, lenteur, /., slowness.
lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, who, which, whom,
what.
leste, nimble, brisk.
lettre,/., letter.
levé, -e, up, erect.
levée,/, levy ; raising ; removal;
flight, flutter.
lever, to raise, lift, straighten ;
remove, throw otï ; examine ;
se — , get up, rise, arise, spring
up.
lever, m., rise, rising. [n slit). lèvre,/., lip ; opening, edge (of liasse,/, bundle; file.
liberté, /., liberty, freedom ;
faculty.
libre, free ; open, unobstructed.
librement, freely.
lichen, m. {sound kenne), lichen,
tree moss.
licol, ;//., halter.
lier, to bind ; — connaissance,
become acquainted with each
other.
lierre, m., ivy.
lieu, m., place ; au — de, instead
of ; avoir — , to take place ;
tenir — de, to stand in place
of, replace, lieue,/., league.
lièvre, ;«., hare.
ligne,/, line; fishing Une.
limite,/., lirait.
Limousin, -e, an inhabitant of
the old province of Limosin,
the chief toivn of tuhich is
Limoges, about 242 miles S. S.
