Leibnitz. Cf. note to p

John Locke, the EngUsh philosopher, author of the wellknown Essay on the Huinan JJ riderstandinrj , published in 1690.

1. 30. péri patéiicien, ' peripatetic philosopher,' a follower of Aristotle, who taught in tho covered walks (mplnaToi) round the temple of Apollo at Athcns. Cf. note on Voyages de Scarmentado, p. 112, 1. 13.

1. 31. eniéléchie {ch soft), whicli Voltaire immediately defines,

is the French foriu of ' a philosophie word formed by Aristotle, who calls the soûl the e i'T<\«;^fui of the body, that by which il adually is, though it liad a bvvami, ur capacity of existing before.' — Liddell and Scott.

par qui. Cf. Voltaire, Alzire, v. 4 : —

Je pardonne à la main par qui Dieu m'a frappé. Racine, Phèdre, iii. 3 : —

Votre vie est pour moi d'un prix à qui tout cède ; and Corneille, Nicomède, iii. 1 : —

Qu'à n'y voir point de trône à qui je sois soumise. La Bruyère, Les Caractères, c. x : —

l'État poiu: qui il travaille.

It will be noticed that there is a suggestion of personification in each of thèse cases.

Page 110. 1. 3. cartésien : a folio wer of Descartes, The statement that follows is a whimsical misrepresentation of Descartes' doctrine of innate ideas which Professor Mahaflfy states thus : ' By innate ideas lie does not mean ready-made idoas, complète images or pictures in the mind of the infant. He means that the mind infused by the Deity into every human body lias certain natural prédispositions which compel it to adopt certain beliefs as soon as it begins to reflect and to exercise its faculties. Such are the ideas of God, of substance, of unity, and a host of others, which he never essayed to enumerate. Some of thèse might remain unsuggested for a long time, perhaps altogether, but whenever an occasion arose they would appear and be assumed as indisputa bly true.'

Page 111. 1. 3. de mes sens. Locke's ' intense feeling for actualities would draw Voltaire irresistibly to tlie writer who, in liis judgment, closed the gâtes of the dreamland of metaphysics, and banished the vaulting ambition of a priori certainties, which Icd nowhere and assured nothing.' — Morley.