les uns aux autres, together

Page 9. — I. The matter that follows to page 82 is taken from de Tocqueville's " Quinze jours au désert.''^ For the circumstances under which the sketch was written cf. Introduction pages v, vii.

2. ils ont été je ne sais pas trop où, they hâve gone somewhere ; cf. page 7, note 3.

Page 10. — I. Buffalo, with a population now estimated at 400,000, had only 14,000 people in 1831.

2. Chateaubriand (1768-1848), a prominent French statesman and writer. He traveled in America (i 791-2), making studies of Indian life which he later wove into the prose idyl, Atala (1801). As a picture of the Indian his work was extravagant and idealistic.

3. James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851), was one of our most celebrated novelists. Two of his Indian stories, The Last of the Alohicans and The Prairie, had been published a few years before de Tocqueville's visit and proved immensely popular in Europe as well as America.

Page 11. — I. On eût dit des hommes, one would hâve said they were people.

Page 12. — I. la balance entre les deux plus grandes nations de l'Europe. By the year 1700 the Iroquois exercised a domination which reached from beyond the St. Lawrence to the Carolinas, and from New England to the Mississippi. Owing to their superior prowess and ability, as well as their location along the frontier between the possessions of France and England in America, they early came to hold a véritable balance of power between thèse two great nations, and their support was eagerly courted by both. In the main, however, they were loyal to England. See also page 5, note I.

Page 13. — I. C'était là le fond du sentiment général, that was ift reatity the sentiment of everybody.

Page 14. — I. Temple, church ; in modem French temple means a church for a protestant form of worship.

2. l'Océan; when the word océan is spelled with a capital, as hère, it refers to the Atlantic océan.

Page 15. — I. Tout y est heurté, imprévu, everythitig hère is in confusion and unexpected.

2. fait subir à l'homme, subjects the individtcal to ; for à l'homme, cf. page 7, note 5.

Pagre 17. — I. vous avez grande chance de, yoti are likely to.

2. Lyon, Lyons, an important manufacturing city of France, long famous for its silks, situated at the confluence of the Rhône and the Saône. Population 459,000.

3. In 1830 Belgium revolted against Holland, and in 1S31 secured a récognition of independence from France and England. War, however, did not end till 1833.