vouloir, to wish

Près. Pakt. Past Part. Prks. Imd.

Past Dbf.

etc.

etc. etc. etc.

etc.

vouloir

voulant voulu veux

voulus

voudrai

voulons avoir voulu veux

voulusse

voudrais

voulais etc. veuille

Près. Ind.:

veux, veux, veut, voulons, voulez, veulent

Près. Sub.

: veuille, veuilles, veuille, voulions, vouliez,

veuillent

VOCABULARY

los

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

adj adjective

adv adverb

art article

cond conditional

conj conjunction

def défini te

dem demontrative

disj disjunctive

f féminine

fut future

i,e that is

imp imperfect

imv imperative

ind indicative

indef indefinite

inf infinitive

int interrogative

intj interjection

irr irregular

m masculine

obj object

part participle

perf perfect

pers Personal

pi plural

pluperf pluperfect

poss possessive

prep préposition

près présent

pron pronoun

refl reflexive

reg regular

rel relative

sg singular

sub subjunctive

subj subject

V verb

voc vocabulary

io6

VOCABULARY

Plural forms of nouns and adjectîves are given when irregular. The féminine form o£ ail adjectîves is also given when irregular. Ail irregular verb forms are given. The number after irregular verbs refers to the table of irregular verbs on pages 95-104.

a, 3dsg. près. ind. avoir, has, à., prep., to, towardSy at, far, in, or,

by, ivith, from, abandon, m., abandonment, for-

lornness abandonner, v., to abandon, give

up, abandonné, abandoned.

abat-jour, m., lamp-shade, shade.

abécédaire, m., primer, abeille, f., bee, abord (dO, adv., at first, first, at

the otUset, aborder, v., to approach, accost,

attack, aboyer, v., to bark; — avec force,

to bark loudly.

abreuver, v., to water, fill, soak.

abri, m., sheltery shade, abriter, v., to shelter, absolument, adv., absolutdy, absorber, v., to absorb, engross, absoudre, v. (i), to absolve; te

faire — , to resign, accabler, v., to over corne, over-

whelm, accent, m., accent, accepter, v., to accept, accompagner, y., to accompany.

accomplir, v., to accomplish, carry

out, perform.

accord, m., agreement; être d'accord, to agrée, accorder, v., to grant, give, accoure, ist or 3d sg. près. sub.

accourir, accourir, v. {11), to run uPy hasten

up.

accours, ist. or 2d sg. près. ind. or

imv. accourir, accourut, 3d sg. past def. accourir, acheter, v., to buy.

achever, v., to finish, end, coM"

plete.

acquitter, v., to perform, acquit,

clear, acte, m., act.

action, f., action, act, deed.

adieu, m., farewell, good-bye; te

faire nos adieux, to say good-

bye to you, adjudant, m., adjutant, admirablement, adv., admirably,

wonderftdly.

admirer, v., to admire, adorer, v., to worship, adosser (s')> refl. v., to lean up

against, set one*s bctck against.

adresse, f., address.

adresser (s'), refl. v., to turn,

speak, cutdress.

affaire, f., affair, business, matter.

affaisser (s*), refl. v., to fall, affamé, adj., famished, hungry.

io8

affecter, v., to affect, assume.

afBlche, £., placard, poster, notice.

afBlcher, v., to post.

affliger, v., to afflici, distress.

afin de, prep., in order to.

affreux (f. affreuse), adj., awful,

frightful.

âge, m., âge; quel — avez-vous?

how old are y ou?

âgé, adj., aged, old; le plus — ,

the oldest.

agenouiller (s'), refl. v., to kneel,

to kneel down, agir, V., to act, operate, work, mave,

manage, behave; il s'agit de, it

is a question of, agneau, m., lanib.

agréable, adj., agreeahle, agréablement, adv., agreeably,

pleasantly.

ah ! intj., ah I ai, ist sg. près. înd. avoir, aide, f., aid; venir en — à, to

assist, succor.

aider, v., to aid, hdp, assist.

aie, ist sg. près. sub. avoir, aies, 2d sg. près. sub. avoir, aigle, m., eagle.

aigu, adj., sharp, acute.

ailleurs, adv., elsewhere; d' — ,

moreover, hesides, also.

aimable, adj., amiable, lovely, kind,

aimer, v., to love, like, be fond of;

— mieux, to like better, prefer.

atné, adj., eldest.

ainsi, adv., thus, so; — que, as, just as.

air, m., air, manner, tune, appearance; en plein — , in the open air; par les airs, through the air;

— d'intelligence, intelligent air.

aise, £., gladness, ease, convenience;

à ton (votre) — , comfortably, at

your ease, just as you like, suit

yourself.

ait, 3d sg. près. sub. avoir, ajouter, v., to add.

ajuster, v., to put on, fit adjust.

allais, ist or 2d sg. imp. înd.

aller, allaient, 3d pi. imp. ind. aller, allait, 3d sg. imp. ind. aller, allée, f., walk, path, alley, avenue,

entrance.

allécher, v., to attract.

Allemand, m., German.

aller, v. (2), to go, be about; s'en

aller, to go away, départ; ça va,

/ consent to it, agreed, that wiU

do; cette paire ne me va pas,

thcU pair does not fit npe; aller +

an inf . - to go and, to go to.

allons! intj., comel corne nowt allumer, v., to lighi.

almanach, m., almanac.

alors, adv., then.

Alsatien, m., AlsaUan.

amas, m., heap, pile, lot.

amener, v., to bring.

amertume, f., bitterness.

ami, m., friend; de mes — ,friend

of mine.

amicalement, adv., in a friendly

way, kindly.

amitié, f ., friendship.

amour, m., în sg. and f. in pL, love,

affection.

amuser, v., to amuse; s* — , to

enjoy oneself.

an, m., year.

ancien (ancienne), adj., ancient,

old, former.

anéanti, adj., astounded, thunder^

struck.

ange, m., angel.

VOCABULARY

Angélus, m., Angdus, tke ringing oj beUJor the Angélus,

Anglais, m., English.

angoisse, f ., anguish, pang.

animal, m., animal.

année, £., year,

annoûcer, v., ta announce, téU,

antique, adj., antique, ancient,

août, m., AugusL

apaiser, v., kf quiet, hush.

apercevant, près. part, apercevoir.

apercevoir, v. (41), to notice, perceive, sec, observe; s' — , perceive, see, notice,

aperçois, ist or 2d sg. près. înd.

and imv. sg. apercevoir.

aperçoit, ad sg. près. ind. apercevoir.

aperçut, sd sg. past def . apercevoir.

apoplesde, f., apoplexy; coup d'— , stroke of apoplexy,

après, prep., after, next to.

après, adv., afler, afterwards,

appartenir, v. (51), to belong.

appartient, jd sg. près. ind. appartenir. .

appât, m., temptation.

appauvrir, v., to make poor,

appelle, ist or 3d sg. près. ind. or imv. sg. appeler.

appeler, v., to call, name; s' — , to he named.

appétit, m., appetite.

applaudir, v., to applaud.

appliquer, v., to apply; s'—, to apply one^s self, set to work.

apporter, v., to hring,

apprend, sd sg. près. ind. apprendre.

apprendrai, ist sg. fut. apprendre.

apprendrais, ist or 2d sg. œnd.

apprendre.

apprendre, v. (40), to leam^ teach.

apprenez, 2d pi. près. ind. or imv.

apprendre, apprenti, m., apprentice.

apprentissage, m., apprenHcesHp, appris, past part, apprendre, approche, f., approach, approcher, v., to approach; s*—

de, to approach, corne near, approuver, v., to approve of.

appuyer, v., to lean, lean on, prop up.

arbre, m., tree.

argent, m., silver, money.

arme, £., arm, weapon, armée, f., army. armer, v., to arm, protide, equip;

il fut armé chevalier, he was

mode a knight.

armoire, f., doset, cuphoard; — de

noyer, walnut cuphoard.

arpenter, v., to pace, stride along.

arquebuse, f ., arquebuse.

arracher, v., to pull, pull up, strip,

wrest, extract.

arranger, v., to arrange, settle;

s* — , manage, settle onesdf corn-

fortably.

arrangement, m., arrangement.

arrêter, v., to stop, delay, stay, check,

arrest; s' — , to stop, pause.

arrière, m., rear; en — , backwards,

behind, in the rear.

arriver, v., to arrive, reach, corne

come to, happen; qu'est-ce qui

arrive ? what happens ?

arrivée, f., arrivai.

arocer, v., to sprinkle, waler (a

garden).

arsenal, m., arsenal.

assentiment, m., assent.

asseoir, v. (3), to sit; s* — , to sit

down, he seated; le fit asseoir,

mode htm sit down.

assez, adv., enough.

IIO

asseyez, 2d pi. près. ind. or imv. pi.

asseoir, assieds, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. or

imv. sg. asseoir, assied, 3d sg. près. ind. asseoir, assis, past part, asseoir, assis, ist or 2d sg. past def.

asseoir, assit, ad sg. past def. asseoir, assister, v., to be présent at, look

upon.

asstirance, f., assurance.

assuré, adj., certain, steody, sure.

attacher, v., to lie, fasten.

attaquer, v., to attack.

atelier, m., workshop, composition

room, studio.

attendre, v., to watt.

attendri, adj., ajfected, touched.

attendrir, v., to excite pity, touch,

soften.

attente, f., expectation, hope.

attentif, adj., attentive.

attention, f., attention; faire attention, pay attention.

attentive, f. of attentif, attentivement, adv., attentively.

attirer, v., to attract, draw.

attraper, v., to catch.

attrister, v., to sadden, make sad.

au (à -h le), def. art., to the, at

the, in the.

aucun, adj. and pron., no, not any,

noue.

audace, f., atidacity, boldness.

au-dessus, adv., above.

au-dessous, adv., below.

auge, m., trough.

auguste, adj., august.

aujourd'hui, adv., to-day.

auprès de, prep., to, near, with,

close.

aura, ad sg. fut. avoir.

aurai, ist sg. fut. avoir, aurais, ist or 2d sg. cond. avoir, auras, 2d sg. fut. avoir, aurait, ad sg. cond. avoir, auraient, ad pi. cond. avoir, aurez, 2d pi. fut. avoir, auriez, 2d pi. cond. avoir, aurions, ist pi. cond. avoir, aurons, ist pi. fut. avoir, auront, ad pi. fut. avoir, aussi, adv., also, too, likewise, as;

— bien, besides; — bien que,

as well as.

aussitôt, adv., immediately.

autant, adv., so much, as much, so

many, as many; d' — plus que,

ail the more because, more espe-

cially as.

automne, m., autumn, faU.

autorité, f., authority.

autour de, prep., around, about.

autre, adj., other. autrefois, adv., formerly, Autriche, f., Austria.

aux, pi. of au, to the, at the, etc.

avaient, ad pi. imp. ind. avoir, avais, ist or 2d sg. imp. ind. avoir, avait, ad sg. imp. ind. avoir, avancer, v., to advance; s' — , to

advance.

avant, prep. or adv., before; — de,

before; en — ! forward!

avec, prep., with.

avenir, m., future.

aventure, f., adventure, expérience.

avertir, v., to warn.

aveugle, m., blind man.

aveugle, adj., blind.

avez, 2d pi. près. ind. avoir, avidité, f., ap petite, eagerness.

avions, ist pi. imp. ind. avoir, avis, m., advice, opinion.

aviser, v., to venture, try, dare;

VœABULARY

ne t'avise donc jamais, t^ever try

again; — à, to think, avoir, m., property, avoir, v. (4), io hâve; — envie, to

wish; — faim, to he hungry;

— froid, to he cold; — besoin, to

need; — honte, to he ashamed;

— peur, to he afraid; — raison, to he right; — soif, to he thirsty;

— sommeil, to he sleepy; — chaud, to he warm; — dix ans, to he ten years old; quel âge avezvous? j'ai douze ans, how old are you? I am twelve; y avoir, to he; il y a, there is (are); il y avait, there was (there were) ;

il y a, ago.

avons, ist pi. près. ind. avoir, ayant, près. part, avoir, ayez, imv. pi. avoir ; — pitié de

nous, hâve pity on us.

bah! in ter]., pshaw! pooh!

bailler, v., to yawn.

baïonnette, f., hayonet,

baiser, v., to kiss.

baisser, v., to sink, hang, let down,

lower.

balancer, v., to swing, balayer, v., to sweep.

banc, m., henchy seat.

bandeau, m., handage.

bandelette, f., string^ rihhon, bander, v., to handage.

banquier, m., hanker.

barbare, adj., barharous, cruel.

barbarie, f., barharity, cruelty.

barbe, f.. heard.

barrière, £., gâte.

bas, adj., low ; en bas, down, helow. basse, f . of bas.

bassin, m., hasin {pf fountain).

bataille, f., hattle.

bataillon m., hattalion.

bâtir, V., to huUd.

bâton, m., stick.

battit, 3d sg. past def . battre.

battre, v. (s), to béai, strike.

beau, adj., fine, heautifid.

beaucoup, adv., much, many, a great deal.

beauté, f., heauty.

bel, used instead of beau before a vowel.

belle, f. of beau and bel.

belle-fille, f., daughter in law, stepdaughter.

belle-mère, f ., mother in law, stepmother.

béquille, f., crutch.

besogne, f., work,joh.

besoin, m., need; avoir — de, to need.

béte, £., heast, animal.

bête, adj., stupid, fool.

bêtise, f ., stupidity, folly.

bien, m., good, henefit, welfare.

bien, adv., well, ver y, proper, righUy, nicely, ail right, carefully, willingly, quite, just, really indeed, in truth, much, a great deal, heartily, surely, comfortahle; ahl bien oui, ah y es indeed/ eh bien, well; fort bien, very well.

biens, m. pi., goods, property, ' estate, wealth, possessions.

bientôt, adv., soon.

billet, m., note, letter, ticket.

bizarre, adj., strange, fantastic.

blanc, adj., white.

blanche, f. of blanc.

blé, m., wheat.

blesser, v., to wound.

bleu, adj., hlue.

blond, adj., blond, light, yellow.

blottir (se), refl. v., to crouck,

boire, v. (6), to drink,

bois, m., wood, woods,

bois, ist or 2d sg. près. ind.

boire, boit, 3dsg. près. ind. boire, boiteux, adj., lame.

boiteuse, f . of boiteux, bon, adj., good.

bonbon, m., candy.

bond, m., bound, spring, lecup.

bonheur, m., happiness, good luck,

good fortune.

bonjour, m., good moming.

bonne, f . of bon.

bord, m., edge, border.

bonsoir, m., good evening, good

night.

bonté, f., goodness, kindness; — divine! goodness gracions !

bosse, f., hump, lump, bunch.

botte, f., bundle.

bouche, f., mouth.

bouchée, £., tnouthftd.

boucher, v., to stop, stop up.

bouillant, près. part, bouilfir.

bouillir, v. (7), to boil.

boulanger, m., baker.

bouleverser, v., to upset.

bouquet, m., bouquet.

bourse, f., pur se.

bousculer, v., to push, jostle,

crowd.

bout, m., end, tip, edge, extremity;

au — de, at the end of.

bouteille, f., bottle.

boutique, f., s hop; arrière —,

back-shop.

branche, f., branch.

bras, m., arm.

brave, adj., brave, good; mon — ,

my good fellow, my fine fellow.

bravo! interj., bravo! wéU donel

hurrah!

bravoure, f., bravery.

brigand, m., brigand, robber.

briller, v., to shine, glitter.

brique, f., brick.

briser, v., to break, rend.

broder, v., to embroider.

bruit, m., noise, rumor.

brûler, v., to burn.

brusque, adj., abrupt, sudden.

bru3rant, adj., noisy, loud.

bu, pàst part, boire, bûcher, m., funeral pile, stake.

buffet, m., sideboard, cupboard, buisson, m., bush.

buvaient, $d pi. imp. ind. boire, buvette, f., refreshment room.

c\ elided form of ce.

ça, contraction for cela, that.

cabane, f., cabin, hut.

cacher, v., to hide, conceal.

cadavre, m., corpse.

cadeau, m., gift, présent.

cadette, f., younger.

café, m., cofee, coffee-house.

cage, f., cage.

calculer, v., to calculate, cipher,

figure.

calendrier, m., calendar.

calme, m., calm, stUlness.

calmer, v., to calm, soothe.

calotte, f., cap, skuU-cap.

camarade, m., comrade.

campagne, f ., country, fields; à la

— , in the country, cancre, m., miser.

candeur, f., candor.

canne, f., cane.

caparaçonné, adj., caparisoned.

capitale, f., capital.

VOCABULARY

capitaine, m., captain,

caporal, m., corporal.

capuchon, m., hood; en — , wUh a

hood on, wearing a hood.

car, conj., for y because.

caracoler, v., to wheel aboid, caresser, v., to caress, fondle.

carnaval, m., carnival, carré, m., square, carrefour, m., cross-streets, public

square.

carrière, f., career, profession.

cathédrale, £., cathedral.

cause, f., cause, reason; à — de,

on account of.

causer, v., to talk, chat.

ce, adj., fhis, that.

ce, pron., this, that, thèse, those,

he, she, it, they.

ceci, pron., this.

céder, v., to yield.

ceinture, f., belt.

cela, pron., that.

célèbre, adj., celébrated, noted.

celle, pron. f ., that, the one, she.

celle-ci, pron. f ., this one, the latter.

celle-là, pron. f., that one, the

former.

celles, pron. f. pL, those, the ones,

they.

celui, pron. m., that, the one, he.

celui-ci, pron. m., this one, the

latter.

celui-là, pron. m., that one, the

former.

cent, a hundred.

centre, m., center.

cependant, adv., meanwhile; conj.,

yet, however.

ce qui, pron., what (subj.) ; tout — ,

ail that.

ce que, pron., what (obj.) ; tout —,

aUthat.

cercle, m., circle.

cerisier, m., cherry tree.

certain, adj., certain, sure.

certes, adv., most assuredly.

ces, adj., thèse, those.

cesse, f., sans — , constantly.

cesser, v., to cease, stop.

cet, adj. (used before m. sg. be-

ginning with vowel), this, that.

cette, adj., f. of ee, cet.

ceux, pron. m. pL, those, the ones,

they.

ceux-ci, pron. m. pL, thèse, the

latter.

ceux-là, pron. m. pi., those, the

former.

chacun, pron., each one.

chagrin m., sorrow, chagrin, misfortune.

chaîne, f., chain.

chaire, f., pulpit, desk.

chaise, f., chair; — de paille,

straw-bottomed chair.

chambre, f., room; — à coucher,

bedroom.

champ, m., field; sur le — , on the

spot, at once.

chandelle, f., candie.

changer, v., to change.

chanter, v., to sing.

chapeau, m., hat.

chapelet, m., chaplet, crown,

wreath.

chaque, adj., each.

chardon, m., thistle. charge, f., charge, expense.

charger, v., to load, charge, order,

commission; se — de, to take

charge of; je me charge de, /

take upon myself to.

charitable, adj., charitable.

charmant, adj., charming, nice,

lovely.

charmer, v., to charm, delight.

charpentier, m., carpetUer.

chasse, £., hunt, huntingf chase;

donner la —, drive away.

chasser, v., to kunt, chase, drive

otdy expel.

chat, m., cai.

chftteau, m., casUe, chaud, m., heat, warnUk; adj., hot,

warm; avoir — , to be warm.

chauffer, v., to warm, heat.

chaux, f., lime; —vive, quick

lime.

chemin, m., road, way; — de fer,

raUroad.

cheminée, f ., chimney, fireplace.

cher, adj., dear, heloved, expensive. chère, f. of cher, chéri, adj., beloved, dear.

chercher, v., to seek, look for;

aller — , to go and seek.

cheval, m., horse.

chevalerie, f., knighthood.

chevalier, m., knight.

chevaux, pi. of cheval, cheveu, m., hair.

cheveux, pi. of cheveu, chez, prep., to, aty or in (the house

of)', — eux, at their house;

— elle, at her house; — lui, at his house; — moi, at my house;

— nous, at our house; — qui, at (or in) whose house (or store, office, etc.).

chien, m., do g.

choisir, v., to chose, sélect.

chose, f., thing; peu de — , not

much, few things.

chou (pi. choux), m., cabbage;

soupe aux choux, cabbage soup.

chuchotement, m., whispering.

chut! intj., hushl silence/ cicatriser, v., to heal, scar.

del, m., sky, heaven.

cieux, pi. of ciel, skies, heaven,

cinq, five.

cinquante, fifty.

circonstance, f., circumstance.

cirer, v., to black (lit., to wax).

citadin, m., cUy people.

civil, adj., civil.

clair, adj., dear, bright.

clarinette, f., clarinet.

classe, f., class, classroom,

clef, f., key.

clément, adj., clément, merciful.

clin (d'cBil), m., twinkling ' {of an

eye), trice.

cloître, m., cloister, convent.

clos, adj., enclosed, snug.

cocher, m., coachman.

coBur, m., heart; de grand — ,

gladly; de bon — , heartily;

le — gros, heavy ai heart, with

a heavy heart.

coin, m., corner.

colère, f., anger.

colin-maillard, m., blind man*s

buff.

collecte, f., collection.

collège, m., collège, school.

collier, m., collar, band.

Colmar, a town in Alsace.

colonel, m., colonel.

combats, ist or 2d sg. près ind.

or imv. sg. combattre, combattez, 2d pi. près. ind. or imv.

combattre, combattit, 3d sg. past def. corn- . battre.

combattre, v. (5), to fight.

comble, m., top, summit, roof, over^

measure; au — , complète, to the

full.

combler, v., to heap up, load, over-

whelm.

VOCABULARY

combien, adv., how muchj how

many.

comète, f., cornet.

comique, adj., comic, camical.

commandature, f., headquarters.

commander, v., to command, order.

commandement, m., commande

order.

comme, conj., 05, like, how, since.

commencement, m., heginning.

commencer, v., to begin, commence.

comment, adv., how, what.

commission, f., errand.

commode, adj., convenient.

commune, adj., common, compagne, f., companion, wife.

compagnie, f., company. compagnon, m., companion.

comparer, v., to compare.

compassion, f., compassion.

Compiègne, city of about 15,000

inhabitants, in the department of

Oise, France.

complaire, v. (50), to phase.

compléter, v., to complète.

compliment, m., compliment; faire

im — , to complimenk composer, v., to compose.

comprendre, v. {40), to under-

stand.

comprends, ist or 2d sg. près. ind.

or imv. sg. comprendre, comprendrez, 2d pi. fut. com<

prendre, comprenais, ist or 26. sg. imp. ind.

comprendre, compris, past part, comprendre, compter, v., to count. Intend.

comptoir, m., counter.

•condamnable, adj., worthy of con-

demnation, condemnable.

condamner, v., to condemn.

condition, f ., condition, lot.

conducteur, m., conductor.

conduire, v. (8), to conduct, drive, lead.

conduis, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. or imv. sg. conduire.

conduisait, ad sg. imp. ind. conduire.

conduise, ist or 3d sg. près. sub.

conduire.

conduisirent, $6. pi. past def.

conduire.

conduisit, ad sg. past def. conduire.

conduit, 3d sg. près. ind. or past part, conduire.

confesser, .v., to confess.

confiance, f., confidence.

confier, v., to confide, entrust.

confondre, v., to confound, confuse; se — en excuses, not to be able to make excuses enough.

confus, adj., confused, abashed.

congé, m., holiday.

connaissais, ist or ad sg. imp. ind.

connaître.

connaître, v. (9), to know, be 00quainted with.

connu, past part, connaître.

consacrer, y., to consecrate.

conscience, f., conscience^ consciousnessy conscientiousness .

conseil, m., advice; la nuit porte — , constdt your pillow.

consentir, v. (44), to consent to.

conserver, v., to préserve^ keep.

consterner, v., to dismay, dispirit.

construction, f., construction; en — , being built.

construire, v. (8), to build.

consulter, v., to consult.

consumer, v., to consume.

content, adj., content^ satisfled.

contenter, v., to satisfy, please.

conter, v.,to tell, relate.

ii6

continuer, v., h continue y go on, contraire, m., contrary; au — , on

the contrary, contrariété, f., annoyance, vexation, contre, prep., against, near, contre-allée, f., side street.

contredire, v. (i8), /(? contradict.

contrition, f., contrition, pénitence, convaincre, v. (52), to convince.

convenir, v. (54), to suit, agrée,

admit.

conversation, f ., conversation, convertir, v., to convert. conviendrait, 3d sg. cond. convenir. , convient, ist sg. près. ind. convenir, convoi, m., convoy, coquelicot, m., poppy, copie, f., copy; vous tiendra la — ,

will hold copy for you (to foUow

on the manuscript in proof-

reading).

cor, m., horn; — de chasse, hunt-

ing horn; sonner du — , hlow your

horn, corbeau, m., crow.

corps, m., hody, corpse, correcteur, m., proofreader, corrompre, v., to corrupt, s poil.

costume, m., costume.

côté, m., side, direction; à — de,

beside; de l'autre — , on the other

side, on the other hand; de — , to

one side; à — , near by.

cou, m., neck.

coucher, v., to lie, sleep, îay; se — ,

to lie down, go to bed, set (of the

sun).

coucher, m., bed, night^s lodging,

resting-place; — du soleil, setting

of the sun.

coudre, v. (10), to sew, couler, V., to flow.

coup, m., blow, stroke; d'un seul — ,

at a single stroke; tout à — , sud-

denly; — de pied, kick, coupable, adj., guilty, coupable, m., guilty person, sinner.

couper, V., eut, to eut of; coupe lui

pour deux sous, cuX him two cents*

worth.

cour, f., yard, court, courtyard, courage, m., courage, courageusement, adv. courageously,

bravely, with a wUl, couraient, ad pi. imp. ind. courir, courant, près. part, courir, courez, 2d pi. près. ind. or imv.

courir, courir, v. {ii),to run; court grand

risque, runs great chance (risk).

cours, m., course, vent, sale.

cours, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. or

imv. sg. courir, course, /., running, race, trip,

walk; prendre sa — , to take

one^s way; vient de faire ime

autre — , has just been on another

trip (errand).

court, ad sg. près. ind. courir, court, adj., short, courtisan, m., courtier, courtois, adj., courteous, civil, couru, past part, courir, courus, ist or 2d sg. past def.

courir, cousin, m. (f., cousine), cousin, coussin, m., cushion, coûter, V., to cost.

couture, f., seam, sewing, couvent, m., convent, couvert, m., cover, cloth; le couvert

se trouva mis, the table was set.

couvert, past part, couvrir, couverture, f ., blanket, cover, couvrir, v. (12), to cover.

VOCABULARY

craie, f., chalk.

craignait, 3d sg. imp. ind. craindre, craindre, v. (13), to fear, dread.

crainte, f., /car, dread.

craintif, adj., Hmid, anxious, craintive, f . of craintif, cravate, f., necktie, cravat.

crève-cœur, m., heart-break.

cri, m., cry, shout; à grands cris,

with loud cries.

crier, v., to cry oui, shout, yell.

criminel, adj., criminal.

criminelle, f. of criminel, croire, v. (14), ta helieve, ihink;

je le crois bien, / shoidd say so.

crois, ist or id près. ind. or imv.

sg. croire, croit, 3d sg. près. ind. croire, croyais, ist or ad sg. imp. ind.

croire, croyant, près. part, croire, croyez, ad pi. près. ind. or îmv.

croire, croix, f., cross; — de bois, wooden

cross.

cruel, adj., cruel.

cruelle, f. of cruel, crus, ist or ad sg. past def. croire, cfut, 3d sg. past def. croire, cueille, ist or 3d sg. près. ind.

cueillir, cueillir, v. (16), ^<? pick, gather.

cuisine, f., kitchen; faire la — , to

cook.

curieuse, f . of curieux, curieux, adj., curious, rare^ désirons, singular; tout ce qu'il y a

de — , ail the curiosities that there

are.

daigner, v., to deign.

dame, f., lady.

damel interj., why/ wéU! indeed!

danger, m., danger.

dans, prep., in, into.

danse, f., dance.

danser, v., to dance.

Dauphiné, m., old province of

France, capital of which was

Grenoble, an important city in

the southeastem section of France, davantage, adv., more.

de, prep., of, from, for, with, in,

on, to, by, abotU, some, any, débarrasser, v., to clear, clear

away, rid; se — de, to rid one^s

self of, take off.

débat, m., debate.

debout, adv., upright, standing;

se tenir — , to stand up.

déchirer, v., to tear, rend.

décider, v., to décide, settle; se — à,

to make up one^s mind to.

déclaration, f., déclaration, state-

ment, disclosure.

déclarer, v., to déclare, announce;

se — pour, to take sides with.

décoré, adj., décor ated, wearing,

having.

décorer, v., to decorate, adorn.

découvrir, v. {12), to discover.

décrire, v. (20), to describe.

décrivez, ad pi. près. ind. or imv.

décrire, décrocher, v., to unhook, take

down.

dédaigneuse, f. of dédaigneux, dédaigneux, adj., disdainftd, scorn-

ful.

défendre, v., to défend, forbid, protest.

défense, f., défense, protection.

défenseur, m., defender.

dégrader, v., to damage, delapidate.

degré, m., degree, step.

ii8

dehors, adv., ouiside, oui, outdoors.

déjà, adv., already.

déjeuner, m., breakfast.

déjeuner, v., to breakfasi, lunch.

délibérer, v., to ddiberate, résolve,

détermine.

délicat, adj., délicate, fastidious.

délicieuse, f. of délicieux, délicieux, adj., delicious.

délit, m., offense.

délivrer, v., to deliver, free.

déluge, m., déluge, flood.

demain, adv., to-morrow; à — ,

until to-morrow, good-hye till

to-morrow.

demander, v., to ask, demand.

demeure, f., dwelling, home.

demeurer, v., to live, dwell.

demi, adj., half; à — , half; —

place, half } are.

dent, f., tooth; à belles dents,

heartUy.

demoiselle, f., young lady.

dépêcher (se), refl. v., to hurry,

make haste.

dépens, m. pL, expense, cost;

aux — , at the expense of.

dépis, m., vexation, spite.

dépourvu, adj., destitute.

déplaire, v. (50), to dis phase, be

disagreeable.

déplaît, 3d sg. près. ind. déplaire, depuis, prep., since, from, for;

— deux ans, for two years;

— quarante ans il était là, he had been there for forty years.

depuis que, conj., since.

déranger, v., to disturb.

dérider (se), refl. v., to brighten up,

unbend, cheer up.

dernier, adj., last; ce — , the latter.

dernière, f. of dernier, derrière, prep., behind.

des (de + les), art. pL, of the, from

the, some, any.

dès, prep., from, not later than.

dès que, conj., as soon as.

désagréable, adj., disagreeable.

désappointement, m., disap point-

ment.

désappointer, v., to disappoint.

désarmer, v., to disarm, pacify. descendre, v., to descend, go down,

put down, stop, put off {of a

carriage).

description, f., description.

désenchantement, m., disenchant-

ment, disappointment.

désert, adj., deserted, désert, un-

inhabited.

désespoir, m., des pair.

déshonneur, m., dishonor, disgrâce.

désir, m., désire, wish.

désirer, v., to désire, wish.

désolé, adj., desolate, sorry, grieved.

desquels (de + lesquels), pron., of

whom, of which,from whom, from

which.

desquelles, f. of desquels, dessécher, v., to dry up, witker.

dessert, m., dessert.

dessus, adv., on, upon, over, abave.

destin, m., destiny, fate.

destiner, v., to destine, intend.

détaler, v., to scamper away, clear

out.

détester, v., to detest, hâte.

détour, m., turn, roundabout way,

winding, circuit; sans détours,

without évasions.

détruire, v. (8), to destroy.

détruit, past part, détruire, deux, two.

devant, prep., before, in front of.

devait, 3d sg. imp. ind. devoir, devenir, v. (54), to become.

V0CABULAR7

devient, 3d sg. près. înd. devenir, devint, ad sg. past def. devenir, devoir, v. (17), to owe; (before an

inf.), mustj oughty hâve io^ be to,

shouldj be obligea to.

devoir, m., dtUy.

devons, ist pi. près. ind. devoir, deviner, v., to guess.

dévorer, v., to devour.

diable, m., devil.

Dieu, m., God; mon dieu! dear

me!

différent, adj., différent.

difficile, adj., difficult.

digne, adj., worthy.

dignité, f., dignity.

diligence, f., stagecoach.

dimanche, m., Sunday; le — , on

Sunday.

dimension, f., dimensiony size.

dinde, f., turkey.

dindon, m., turkey.

diner, m., dinner.

diner, v., to dine.

dire, v. (18), to say, tell, name;

c'est dit, it is ail right; c'est à

dire, that is to say.

dirent, ad pi. past. def. dire, diriger, v., to direct, guide, steer;

se — , to direct one's way, set oui,

drive, go.

dis, ist or 2d sg. près, ind., past

def. or imv. sg. dire, disaient, sd pi. imp. ind. dire, disais, ist or 2d sg. imp. ind.

dire, disait, 3d sg. imp. ind. dire, disant, près. part. dire, disent, 3d pi. près. ind. dire, disposer, v., to arrange; se — , to

prépare, get ready.

distance, f., distance.

distinguer, v., to distinguish, tell.

distraction, f., inattention, absent-

mindedness.

dit, 3d sg. près. ind. or past def.

dire, dit, past part. dire, dites, 2d pi. près. ind. dire, divers, adj., varions, diverse.

divin, adj., divine; bonté divine!

goodness gracions!

dix, ten.

dix-sept, seventeen.

docile, adj., docile, obedient.

docteur, m. doctor.

dogue, m., mastiff.

doigt, m.,finger.

dois, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. devoir, doit, 3d sg. près. ind. devoir, doivent, 3d pi. près. ind. devoir, donc, conj., then, therefore, conse-

qnently, so then.

donner, v., to give, grant; qui

donne en face de, which faces,

is opposite.

dont, pron., whose, of whom, of

which, from whom, from which,

whence.

doré, adj., gilt, golden.

dormiez, 2d pi. imp. ind. dormir, dormir, v. (ig), to sleep.

dormit, 3d sg. past def. dormir, dors, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. or imv.

sg. dormir, dos, m., back.

double, adj., double.

douce, f. of doux, doucement, adv., gently, sofUy,

qnietly, kindly.

douceur, f., gentleness, sweetness.

doideur, f., grief, pain.

doute, m., donbt; sans — , without

donbt, of course.

douter, v., to doubt; se — de, to

suspect.

doux, adj., sweet, genUey soft,

pleasant, douze, hvelve, drap, m., cloth, sheeL drapeau, m., flag, hanner.

dresser, v., to raise, train, arrange,

prépare; se — , io stand upright.

drOle, adj., funny, pectUiar.

droit, adj., right, straight; à — ,

to the right; tout — en Tair,

straight in the air; être en — , to

hâve the right.

droiture, f., rectitude, honesty, up-

rightness.

du (de+le), art. m. sg., of the,

frotn the, some, any.

duc, m., duke, duquel (de + lequel), pron. m. sg.,

of whom, of which, from whom,

from which.

dur, adj., hard.

durer, v., to last.

eau, f., water,

eaux, pi. of eau.

ébahi, adj., amazed.

éblouissant, adj., dazzling,

éblouissement, m., dazzling.

écarquillé, adj., wide open.

échafaudage, m., scajfolding.

échapper, v., to escape, corne out; il lui échappa de dire, the words escapedfrom; s' — , to make one's escape, run away, slip out.

éclair, m., lightning, spark,

éclat, m., luster, splendor; — de rire, burst of laughter.

éclater, v., to burst out, burst forth.

école, f., school.

écouter, v., to listen.

écrier (s*), refl. v., to cry out, exdaim.

écrire, v. (20), to write.

écrit, past part, écrire, écritoûre, m., inkstand.

écriture, f., writing. .

écrivait, 3d sg. imp. ind. écrire.

écrivit, 3d sg. past def. écrire, écuyer, m., sguire, attendant.

éducation, f., éducation.

effectuer, v., to effect, exécute,

carry into efect.

effet, m., efect; pi., property;

en — in reality, in fact; si

c'était un — de votre bonté, if

you would be so kind, efforcer (s'), refl. v., to try, en-

deavor. effrajrer, v., to frighten, scare,

terrify.

égal, adj., equ^, ail the same;

ça m'est — , that is ail the same

to me.

égard, m., respect, regard; à V — ,

towards; à votre — , towards you.

égarer, v., to mislead, mislay a

thing; s' — , to lose one*s way,

wander.

égayer, v., to enliven, cheer.

église, f., church.

égoïste, m., egoist, selflsh créature.

égorger, v., to eut the throat, butcher,

slaughter.

ehl interj., ah/ well/ eh bien! well/ well now/ élancer (s'), refl. v., to rush, rush

forward.

élégant, adj., élégant.

élève, m. or f., pupil.

élever, v., to raise; s* — , to rise.

elle, pron., she, her, it.

elle-même, she herself, herself.

elles, pi. of elle, they, them.

éloigné, adj., distant, far away, éloigner (s'), refl. v., to go away.

VOCABULARY

embarrasser, v., to embarrass, be

in tke way.

embonpoint, m., stoutness^ plump-

ness.

embrasser, v., io embrace, kiss.

embrouiller, v., to confuse; s* — ,

to get confused.

embûche, f., snare.

émeraude, f., emerald.

émerveillé, adj., astounded, sur-

prised.

émotion, f., émotion, empailler, v., to stuff.

emparer (s'), refl. v., to take possession of.

empêcher, v., to prevent, keep.

empereur, m., emperor.

emplir, v., to fill, fiU up.

employer, v., to employ, use, empoisonner, v., to poison, emporter, v., to take away, carry

away, carry of, empressement, m., haste^ eager-

ness; avec — , eagerly.

empresser (s'), refl. v., to hasten, emprisonner, v., to imprison, ému, adj., moved, touched.

en, prep., in, into, on, at, by, as,

while, like, like a, wiih.

en, pron., of it, of them, from it,

from them, some, any, some of it,

sonie of them, from there.

enchanter, v., to please, delight.

enclos, m., enclosure, lot, or char d,

field, encore, adv., again, yet, still.

encouragement, m., encouraging

Word, kind word, endormir (s*), refl. v. (19), to fait

asleep, go to sleep, endroit, m., place.

énergie, f., energy, strength, enfant, m. or f., chUd,

enfer, m., hell,

enfin, adv., in short, at last, finally, enflammer, v., to inflame, excite.

enfoncer, v., to break open, sink,

roui; s* — , to penetrate, plunge,

faU, enfuir (s*), v. (26), toflee, run away.

enfuirent (s'), 3d pi. past def.

s'enfuir, enguirlander, v., to encircle,

wreathe.

énigme, f., enigma, riddle.

enjamber, v., to bestride, stride

over, step over.

enlever, v., to take of, rub of,

flay (of the skin).

ennemi, m., enemy.

ennuyer, v., to bore; s* — , to get

tired, grow weary.

ennuyeuse, f. of ennuyeux, ennuyeux, adj., tiresome, tedious.

énorme, adj., enormous, huge, enroué, adj., hoarse.

enseigner, v., to teach.

ensemble, adv., together.

ensuite, adv., next, then.

entasser, v., to pile up, heap.

entendre, v., to hear, under stand;

— parler de, to hear of; faisant

— un petit grognement joyeux, giving a little joyous grunt.

enthousiasme, m., enthusiasm.

entier, adj., entire, whole.

entière, f. of entier, entourer, v., to surround.

entr'aider (s'), refl. v., to aid one

another; pour s' — les uns les

autres, to help one another.

entrainer, v., to carry away, draw,

entice.

entrer, v., to enter, entraves, f. pL, obstacles, fetters,

shackles.

entre, prep., hetween, amongy in.

entr 'ouvert, adj., haJf open, ajar.

envahir, v., to invade.

envelopper, v., to wraPy surround.

envers, m., the wrong side; à V — ,

wrong side of.

envie, f., envy^ désire^ inclination;

avoir — de, tofed like^ wish to.

envier, v., to envy^ long for.

environner, v., to surround ^ encircle.

environs, m. pi., neighàorhood, vi-

cinity; . aux — , near, in the

vicinity of.

envoyer, v. (21), to send.

épagneul, m., spaniel.

épais, adj., thick.

épaisse, f. of épais, épargner, v., to spare^ save.

épaule, f., shoulder.

épée, f., sword.

épeler, v., to spell.

épine, f., thorn.

épouvantable, adj., frightful, terrible.

éprouver, v., to feel, expérience.

épuiser, v., to exhaust.

errer, v., to wander.

es, 2d sg. près. ind. être, escalier, m., stairs^ stairway.

esclave, m. or f., slave; tomber — ,

tofall into slavery, become a slave.

espagnol, adj., Spanish.

Espagnol, m., Spaniard.

espérance, f., hope.

espérer, v., to hope.

espoir, m., hope.

essai, m., essay^ trial ^ pfoof^ sample, essayer, v., to try^ attempt.

essouflé, adj., out of ' breath,

breathless, essuyer, v., to wipe.

est, 3d sg. près. ind. être, estrade, f., stage, platform.

établir, v., to establish, put in place^

settle.

étaient, 3d pi. imp. ind. être, étais, ist or 2d sg. imp. ind. être, était, 3d sg. imp. ind. être, étaler, v., to spread.

état, m., state, condition, profession,

trade; de mon — , by trade;

en — de, able to; s*il est en — ,

if he is capable.

été, m., summer.

été, past part. être, éteint, past part, éteindre, éteindre, v. (13), to ptU oui, ex-

tinguish.

étendard, m., standard.

étendre, v., to extend, spread,

stretch.

êtes, 2d pi. près. ind. être, étiez, 2d pi. imp. ind. être, étions, ist pi. imp. ind. être, étoile, f., star; à la belle — , out

of doors, under the starlight.

étonnement, m., astonishment,

wonder.

étonner, v., to astonish, surprise;

s' — , to be astonished, surprised.

étouffé, adj., stifled, low.

étouffer, v., to choke, stifle.

étrange, adj., strange, peculiar.

étranger, m., stranger, foreigner, étrangère, f. of étranger, être, V. (22), to be; hâve (with

refl. V.) ; — à, to belong to; c'est

que, the fact is; — bien, to be

comfortable; en — là, to go thusfar, être, m., being, créature.

eu, past part, avoir, eûmes, ist pi. past def. avoir, eurent, 3d pi. past def. avoir, eus, ist or 2d sg. past def. avoir.

eut, 3d sg. past def. avoir, eût, 3d sg. imp. sub. avoir.

VOCABULARY

eûtes, 2d pi. past def. avoir, eux, pron., theyy them.

eux-mêmes, they thetnselves, them-

sdves.

éventail, m., fan, éveil, m., warningj alarm.

éveillé (past part, éveiller), Hvelyy

vnde awake, sprightly; un visage riant et — , a smiling and

hright face.

éveiller, v., to awaken'wake up.

événement, m., enter gency, event,

issuej resuU.

éviter, v., to avoid, shun.

exaltation, f., exaltation, excellent, adj., excellent, exception, f., exception, exciter, v., to excite, stir, arouse,

impel, exclamation, f., eooclamation, excuse, f., excuse, apology.

exécuter, v., to perform, exécute,

carry out.

exemple, m., example, copy; par — I

the idea ! for instance I dear me !

you donH say so!

exercice, m:, exercise, drill; faire

r— , to drill.

exiler, v., to exile, send into exile.

expirer, v., to expire, die.

explication, f., explanation.

explosion, f., explosion, vent.

exposer, v., to expose, show.

exprimer, v., to express.

exquis, adj., exquisite, delicious.

extraordinaire, adj., extraordi-

nary, unusucU.

extravagance, f., extravagance.

fable, î,, fable,

face, f., face; en — , opposite, on the other side; en — de.

opposite to, face to face with, facing, in the présence of.

fâché, adj., sorry, angry.

façon, f., fashion, manner, way.

facteur, m., postman.

faible, adj., weak, feeble.

faillir, v. (24), fail, to corne near, he on the point of.

faim, f., hunger; avoir — , to he hungry,

faire, v. (23), to do, make, act, ask, hâve, cause, give; se — , to he, happen, he mode; — la classe, tohear (or teckch) the class; — connaître, to make known, inform;

— empailler, to hâve stufed;

— mourir, to kill, put to death; il fait beau temps, it is fine weather; il fait chaud, it is warm; if fait froid, it is cold;

. il se fait, it is, there is; que — , what can I {you, etc.) do; se — mal, to hurt oné's self; vous seriez-vous fait mal? hâve you hurt yourself? ça me fera plaisir, that will give me pleasure, will please me; il se fait conduire, he has himself driven; il fera jour, it will he daylight.

fais, ist or 2d sg. près ind. or imv.

sg. faire.

faisaient, 3d pi. imp. ind. faire.

faisait, 3d sg. imp. ind. faire.

faisan, m., pheasant.

faisant, près. part, faire.

faisais, ist or 2d sg. imp. ind.

faire.

faisons, ist pi. près. ind. faire.

fait, 3d sg. près. ind. faire.

fait, past part, faire.

fait, m.,fact, deed; haut — , exploit, great deed; tout à — , completely.

faites, 2d pi. près. ind. faire.

ELEMENTARV FRENCH READER

fallait, imp. ind. falloir.

falloir, impers, v. (2$), io be neces-

sary, hâve to, must, ought,

shouldf need, want; il fallait

voir, you ought to hâve seen;

il nous en faut, we need sotne;

il faut faire quelque chose,

something must be done.

fallut, past def. falloir, fameuse, f. of fameux, fameux, adj., famous, celebrated, famille, £., family, famine, f ., famine.

farce, f., jokey prank.

fatigué, adj., Hred.

faudra, fut. of falloir, faudrait, cond. falloir, fausse, f . of faux, faut, près. ind. falloir, faute, f ., mistake, erroff fatUL faux, 2id}. ffalse.

faveur, f., favor, fécond, adj., fruUftdy fertile.

félicité, f ., felicityy happiness.

féliciter, v., to congratidate.

femme, f., womanj wife.

fenêtre, f., window.

fer, m., iron; pi., chains, fetters.

fera, 3d sg. fut. faire, ferai, ist sg. fut. faire, feraient, 3d pi. cond. faire, ferez, id pi. fut. faire, ferme, adj., firm.

fermer, v., to close y shtU, féroce, B,d}.y Jlerce, ferocious, wild.

ferons, ist pi. fut. faire, feront, sd pi. fut. faire, festin, m., feast^ banquet, fête, feasty festivity, holiday.

feu, m., fire.

feuille, f., leaf, sheet {ofpaper).

feuilleter, v., to turn over the leavesj

run through {a book).

fiacre, m., cab.

fidèle, adj., faithful.

fidèlement, adv. faithfuUy.

fier, adj., proud, haughty.

fière, f . of fier.

fièvre, t.yfever.

figurer, v., to represent; se — , to

imagine.

filature, f., spinning, spinning-

mUl.

filer, V., tospin.

fileuse, f., spinner.

fille, f., girl, daughter.

fils, m., son.

fin, f., end; à la — , finally.

finalement, adv., Jlnally, at last.

finir, V., to end, finish; le roi —

par croire, the king finaUy

believed.

finisse, ist or 2d sg. près or imp.

sub. finir; que ça — bien, let U

end well.

firent, sd pi. past def. faire, fit, 3d sg. past def. faire, fixement, adv., flxedly, steadily.

fixer, V., to fiXf arrange, stare at;

fixant les ohiets, staring at the

objects.

flambeau, m., torch.

flamme, f ., flame.

flatter, v., to flatter.

flatteur, m., flatterer.

flatteur, adj., flattering, compli-

mentary.

flatteuse, f. of flatteur, flèche, f., arrow.

flétrir, v., to wUher, blight, fade,

blemish, brand, sully.

fleur, f., flower.

flotter, V., to float, wave, îoifi.jfaith; ma — I uponmywordî

indeed!

foin, m., hay.

VOCABULARY

fois, f., Urnes, timè; une — , once;

deux — , twice; à la — , at the

same Urne.

fol, adj. (m. before vowels), mad,

crazy, foolish, folle, f . of fol.

follement, adv., madly, exceedingly,

foolishly.

fond, m., bottom, depth, back part;

au -^ de, at the bottom, ai the

back of; de — en comble, com-

pletely, entirely.

fondre, v., to melt, burst; — en

larmes, to burst into tears.

font, 3d pi. près. ind. faire, fontaine, f., fountain.

force, f., strength, force, might.

force, adv., much, many.

forcer, v., to force, oblige, foret, f ., forest.

forger (se), refl. v., to create, fancy.

forgeron, m., blacksmith. former, v., to for m, îoTt, adv., very; — bien, ver y well,

very properly.

fort, adj., strong, powerftU, large.

fortune, f., fortune.

fossé, m., ditch, trench.

fou, adj. (m. before consonants),

mad, crazy, foolish.

foudre, f., thunderboU.

foidller, V., to search, feel, fumble.

foule, f., crowd.

fouler (se), refl. v., to sprain; je

me suis foulé le bras, / sprained

my arm.

fournir, v., to furnish, fraîche, f . of frais, frais, adj., fresh, cool.

fraise, f., strawberry.

franc, 2ià].,frank, sincère.

franc, m., franc (French coin worth

about 20 cents).

Français, m., Frenchman.

français, adj., French.

franche, f. of franc, franchement, adv., frankly.

frapper, v., to strike, hk.

fraternité, f., brotherhood, frater-

nity.

frayeur, f., fear, fright.

fréquenté, adj., frequented.

îthte, m., brother.

friche, f., waste land; en — , un-

cultivated.

froid, m., cold; avoir — , to be

cold; il fait —, it is cold.

fromage, m., cheese.

froncer, v., to contract, wrinkle,

purse, knit; — le sourcil, to

frown, look sternly.

front, m., forehead, face.

frotter, v., to rub.

fniit, m., fruit.

fruitier, adj., fruit.

fuir, V. (26), to flee, run away.

fuite, f., flight.

fumée, f., smoke.

fûmes, ist pi. past def. être, fumet, m., odor (offood).

furent, 3d pi. past def. être, furieuse, f. of furieux, furieux, a,d}.,furiouSj mad, angry.

fus, ist or 2d sg. past def. être, fut, 3d sg. past def. être, fût, 3d sg. imp. sub. être, fûtes, 2d pi. past def. être, fuyait, 3d sg. imp. ind. fuir.

gagner, v., to gain, win, earn, obtain, reach, seize, corne over.

gaiement, adv., gaily, merrily.

galop, m., gallop; au — , at a gailop.

gamin, m., urchin, vagabond.

garçon, m., boy^ waiter.

garde, m., guard^ keeper; faire bonne — , to keep good watch; — de nuit, night^wcUchman.

garder, v., to keep^ préserve, protect, guardf wcUchf iake care of.

gardien, m., keeper, guardian.

Garigliano, m., a river in Italy.

garnir, v., to garnish, adorn, supply, furnish, provide.

garnison, f., gartison, quarters.

gâteau, m. (pi. gâteaux), cake.

gâter, V., to s poil.

gauche, f., left; à —, to the left.

gazon, m., turf, sod, grass.

gémir, v., to groan, lament.

gémissement, m., groan, lamentation.

gêner, v., to impede, restrain, be in the way of, disturb, hinder.

général, m. (pi. généraux), gênerai.

généreuse, f . of généreux.

généreusement, adv., gêner ously.

généreux, adj., gênerons.

genou, m., knee, lap; à genoux, on one^s knees.

gens, m. or f. pi., people.

gentil, adj., nice, sweet.

gentUle, f. of gentil.

geste, m., gesture.

glacer, v., tofreeze.

glissade, f., slide.

glisser, v., to slip, glide, slide; se — , to glide, creep, steal.

gloire, f., glory.

gousset, m., pocket, purse.

gouverneur, m., governor.

grâce, f ., grâce, gracefulness, favor, char m, pardon, thanks; de — , for mercy sake; Dieu t'en donne la — , may God grant it to you.

PTadeuse, f. of gracieux.

gracieux, adj., gracious^ pleasant,

benevolent.

grammaire, f., grammar.

grand, adj., great, large, taU; tout

— , wide, quite wide.

grandeur, f., greatness.

grandir, v., to grow, increase.

grand'mère, f., grandmother, grappe, f., bunch.

gras, adj., /a/. grasse, f . of gras, grave, adj., grave, serions, solemn.

gravement, adv., seriously, sol-

entnly.

grêle, adj., slender, slim, shrill.

Grenoble, capital of the department

of the Isère, southeastem section

of France, ancient capital of the

old province of Dauphinée. See

Dauphinée.

grillage, m., grating, wire-work;

— aux affiches, bulletin board.

grille, f., railing, gâte {of iron).

grincement, m., scratching, scrap-

ing {of pen on paper).

gris, adj., gray.

gronder, v., to scold, chide, rumble,

growl, boom.

grognement, m., gruni, growl.

gros, adj., big, large.

grosse, f . of gros, grossir, v., to swell, become large.

guerre, f., war.

guerrier, m., warrior, man of arms.

guetter, v., to watt for, watch for.

guider, v., to guide, direct.

guise, f., manner, way; en — de,

instead of, by way of.

habile, adj., skillful, able.

habiller, v., to dress.

habit, m., suit, garment; pi., clothes.

VOCABULARY

habiter, v., to inhabité live in, habitude, f., habita custom; d* — ,

usually, ordinarily.

habitué, adj., accustomed, haine, f., hatred, hâte.

haïr, V. (27), fo hâte.

hait, 3d sg. près. ind. hatr.

hanneton, m., May-bug.

hardiment, adv., boldly.

hasard, m., chance, luck; au — , at

random.

hasarder, v., to dare, venture.

haut, adj., high, tall, loud (of

voice).

haut, m., top, summit, upper part;

au — de, cU the top of; en — ,

above, over, upstairs.

haut, adv., high, aloud, loudly.

hél interj.y hey! ah! I sayl hélas! interj., alas! ah!

herbe, f., grass; mauvaises herbes,

weeds.

hère, m., poor, wretch.

héroïne, f., heroine.

hésitation, f., hésitation.

hésiter, v., to hesitate.

heure, f., hour, o^clock; tout à V — ,

just noWy presently, a while ago;

à dix heures, cU 10 o^clock;

quart d' — , quarter of an hour;

de bonne — , early; k V — qu'il

est! at this late hour!

heureuse, f. of heureux, heureusement, adv., fortunatdy,

luckily.

heureux, adj., happy, fortunate.

hier, adv., yesterday.

histoire, f., history, story.

hiver, m., winter.

homme, m., man.

honnête, adj., honest, praiseworthy,

modest.

honnêtement, adv., honesUy,

honnêteté, f., honesty, civUity.

honneur, m., honor.

honorer, v., to honor, pay honor to.

honte, f., shame; avoir — , to be

ashamed.

honteuse, f . of honteux, honteux, adj., ashamed, bashful,

disgraceful, shameful.

horizon, m., horizon.

horloge, f., dock.

horreur, f., horror.

hors de, prep., out of.

hospitalité, f., hospitality.

hôte, m., host, guest, dweller, hôtel, m., hotd, mansion.

houblon, m., hop, hop-vine, humain, adj., human. humble, adj., humble.

humblement, adv., humbly, htunilier, v., to humiliate.

ici, adv., hère.

idée, f., idea.

ignorer, v., to be ignorant of, not know.

il, pron., he, it.

ae, f., island.

image, f., image, picture.

imaginer, v., to invent; s* — , to imagine.

immense, adj., immense, huge.

immobile, adj., motionless.

impatienté, adj., irritated, angry.

impératrice, f., empress.

impérieuse, f . of impérieux.

impérieux, adj., commanding.

impertinent, adj., impertinent^ silly.

implorer, v., to implore, beg.

importer, v., to matter; qu'importe, what matters; n'importe, no matter.

impossible, adj., impossible.

imprimeur, m., prinier.

imprimerie, f., printing-house, improviste (à 1'), adv., suddenly,

unexpectedly.

impur, adj., impure, unclean.

incognito, m., incognito.

inconcevable, adj., inconceivable.

inconvénient, m., inconvenience.

incrédule, adj., incredulous.

indifférent, adj., indiffèrent.

indiquer, v., to indicate, point

oui.

inespéré, adj., unhoped for.

inexprimable, adj., inexpressible.

informer, v., to informy inquire;

B* — , to inquire, ask.

infortune, i., misfortune.

ingénieusement, adv., ingeniously.

injure, f., insuit.

innocent, adj., innocent.

inquiet, adj., anxious, uneasy.

inquiète, f . of inquiet, inquiétude, f., anxiety, uneasi-

ness.

insensé, adj., mad, crazy, insane.

insister, v., to insist, urge.

insouciance, f., carelessness,

thoughtlessnesSy unconcern.

inspection, f., inspection.

installer, v., to install, settle, instant, m., instant, moment. instruction, f., instruction, learn-

ing, éducation.

instruire, v. (8), to instruct, teach,

educate.

instruis, ist or 2d sg. près. ind.

instruire, instruit, past part, instruire, instruit, 3d sg. près. ind. instruire, instrument, m., instrument.

insupportable, adj., unbearable.

intelligence, f., intelligence.

intention, f., intention.

intéressant, adj., interesting.

intéresser, v., to interest.

intérêt, m., interest.

interlocuteur, m., interlocutor.

interroger, v., to question.

interrompre, v., to interrupt.

intervalle, m., interval.

intrépidité, f ., fearlessness.

introduire, v. (8), to introduce^ présent, ht in.

introduisit, 3d sg. past def. introduire.

introduit, past part, introduire.

invalide, m., disabled soldier, vétéran.

invasion, f., invasion.

invitation, f., invitation.

inviter, v., to invite.

invoquer, v., to invoke, call upon.

ira, 3d sg. fut. aller.

irai, ist sg. fut. aller.

iraient, 3d pi. cond. aller.

irais, ist or 2d sg. cond. aller.

irait, 3d sg. cond. aller.

iras, 2d sg. fut. aller.

irez, 2d pi. fut. aller.

iriez, 2d pi. cond. aller.

irons, ist pi. fut. aller.

iront, 3d pi. fut. aller.

irrésistible, adj., irrésistible,

irrité, adj., irritated.

ItaUe, f., Italy.

ivrogne, m., drunkard.

jabot, m.,/fiW.

jaillir, v., to gush forth.

jamais, adv., ever, never; à — ,

for ever; ne — jamais, never.

jambe, f., leg.

jambon, m., ham.

janvier, m., January.

V0CABULAR7

jardin, m., garden.

jardinage, m., gardening,

jaune, adj., yellow.

jaunir, v., to turn yellow.

je, proh., /.

Jeanne d*Arc, Joan of Arc.

Jésus, m., Jésus.

jeter, v., io throw, hurl.

jeu, m., gamey play, motion.

jeune, adj., young.

jeux, pi. of jeu.

joie, f ., joy.

joli, adj., pretty.

joliment, adv., nicely, very much.

joncher, v., to strew.

jouer, V., to play; — du violon, to

play the violin; je sais — , /

know how to play; je le joue

depuis 30 ans, / hâve been play-

ing it for 30 years.

joueur, m., player, perfortner.

jouir, V., to enjoy.

jouissance, £., enjoytnent, delight.

jour, m., day, daylight; ses jours,

kis life.

journal, m., newspaper, journal.

journaux, pi. of journal, journée, f., day, day's work; toute

la — , ail day, the whole day.

joyeuse, £., of joyeux, joyeux,' adj., joyous, gay, merry.

juger, v.jtojudge.

juge, m., judge.

juin, m., June.

jurer, v., to swear.

jusque (jusqu'à), prep., to, even,

as far as, until.

juste, adj., just, right, exacUy.

justement, adv., precisély.

knouter, v., to beat with the knout, to knout.

la, def. art. f. sg., the.

la, pron. f. sg., her, it.

là, adv., there; ^bas, yonder;

dessus, there upon; ^haut,

up there.

laboureur, m., plowman.

laid, adj., ugly, homely.

laideur, f., ugliness.

laisser, v., to leave, let, let alone,

abandon, désert.

la leur, f . of le leur, their.

lamentable, adj., lamentable.

lampion, m., lamp.

lance, f., lance.

lancer, v., to fling, throw, hurl.

langage, language; tenir ce—,

to speak in thèse words.

langue, f., longue, language.

lanterne, f., lantern.

laquelle, pron. f. sg. of lequel, large, adj., large, vnde.

larme, f., tear.

la sienne, pron. f. sg. of le sien, laver, v., to wash.

le, def. art. m. sg., the.

le, pron. m. sg., him, it.

lécher, v., to lick.

leçon, f., tesson.

lecture, f., reading.

léger, adj., light.

légère, f . of léger, légume, m., vegetable.

lendemain, m., following day, next

day, day after.

lentement, adv., slowly.

lequel, pron. m. sg., who, wkich^

that, what, which one.

les, def. art. pi., the.

les, pron., them.

lesquels, m. pi. of lequel, lesquelles, pi. of laquelle.

le sien, pron. m. sg., his, hers. Us.

les siens, m. pi. of le sien.

les siennes, pi. of la sienne.

lettre, £., letier,

leur, poss. adj., their,

leur, pers. pron., to them,

le leur, pron., theirs.

les leurs, pi. of le leur.

lever, v., to raisCy lift; se — , to

risCy get up.

lèvre, f., lip.

lévrier, m., greyhound.

liberté, f ., liherty, freedom, libre, adj., free, lieu, m., place; au — de, instead

of^ in place of.

lieue, f., league.

lieux, pi. of lieu, lieutenant, m., lieutenant.

limpide, adj., clear^ limpid.

linge, m., linen (underclothing) .

lion, m., lion.

lippée, f ., mouthful; pas de franche

— , no free lunch.

lira, 3d sg. fut. lire, liras, 2d sg. fut. lire, lire, V. (p. 94), to read.

lis, ist or 2d sg. près. ind. or imv.

sg. lire, lisait, 3d sg. imp. ind. lire, lisière, f., edge^ border.

lisons, ist pi. près. ind. or imv. pi.

lire, lit, 3d sg. près. ind. lire, lit, m., bed; — de fer, iron bed.