I -hall take the shortest way, namely, by

. — The cnstom-dnties are less in France than in

nd, lmt the wealth of the latter is much more

l< . i i more enlightened men are, the

more treeare they./ Bverybody liked this -

and obliging was ne to every one. Aiexander

ighty, bul ^.ugustus was yet m< Che un-

happiness which we hâve deserved is still mon' <!<■-

1,r, ssing t" r.s. Prptesilaus, who is a little older than U Rie young men the one that I loved [n certain countries the eldesi Bon inherits ail the landed property of the family. A wise man was isked what flattera man th.- m'osi? Hope, an- Bwerod he.4-The king liberated many <>f thi

1 and punished only soi f the mosi guiltv.—-

m parents are so biind that they believe th.ir children taultlesB, when they m<'st de» rv< t" he pua-

Régimes des Adjectifs. 29

islied. — Good swimmers always seek, when bathing (au bain), the places wkere tlie water is the deepest. — The swiftest rivers are not tlie deepest and the most dangerous.

To depress, abattre, accabler ;

Namely, c'est-à-dire ;

Custom-duty,

Thèmes sur le régi ntfte des adjectifs.

How many people are proud of their money because they cannot be so of anything else ! — Crowned with flowers, the victims approached slowly toward the temple. — The swan seems proud of his beauty and his dazzling whiteness. — Be attentive to the voice of duty and honor. — This event took place after the entrance of the allied troops into Paris. — Charles XII. was inflexible to every breach of military discipline. — Indignant at niy own weakness, I resolved to repair it. — Turenne had been watchful of every movement of the eneiny, and, deaf to every fear, he went boldly to meet them. — In those times many Greek towns were tributary to the Athenians. — Anxious at my long absence, my brother inquired after me. — The hills surrounding the lake of Geneva are planted with vines. — Mozart was so enthusiastic in his art, that he sacrificed to it his health and probably also his life. — Many officers of the emperor who owed theh' fortune to him abandoned him in that critical situation. — One is often displeased with others when one ought to be so with one's self. — Are you not delighted with this masterpiece ? — Ashamed of my son's conduct, I reproached him violently. — The soil of "Wurtemberg is rich in productions of every kind. — Eacine was in such despair at his disgrâce, he was so sensible of it, that he fell by degrees into a state of melancholy, that accom» panied him to the grave.

To approach, s'avancer ;

To take place after, être postérieur ;

Enthusiastic, enchanté.

30 Thèmes.

Thèmes sur les adjectifs numéraux.

The former kingdom of the two Sicilies was situated between the thirty-seventh and the forty-third degrée of north latitude, and between the twelfth and eighteenth degree of east longitude. It contained about eight millions of inhabitants. — Naples, once tho (sa) capital, lias, with its suhurbs, a circuit of more than five miles, and three hnndred and eighty thousiiml inhabitants, of whom forty thonsand (arc) lazzaroni. The théâtre of St. Carlo, the most beautifnl in t lie city, and one of the largest in the world, was

burnt down in 1815, and lias siucc tlien been magnificently rebuilt.— -Toward the middle of the fourteeutli century the pesi ravaged ail Italy. Boccack) says, that Florence alone lest more than a htmdred thonsand inhabitants, Sienna eightv thonsand, in Tisa seven-tenths of the wholê population died, and it is calcnlated (Fora conrn&t i that, wherever the pest provailed, aboul three-nftns of the population were taken away by tliis dreadful malady. — This govenmient gains annually several millions by the oustom-houss and excise duties. In Etuasia, oI<l m. 'ii of eighty and even ninetyyears are often seen, who*do not suffer from any tond of infirmity.

Former,

a n ri> h ;

< Ml<e,

ii'itnfoix ;

( >f whom.

parmi faigwgh

To prevau,

< ll-Ii'IIl-lli»U>c,

(Inihini ;

Ex< dae,

Charles the Fifth, emperor of Qermany and king of Spain, was boni in ( ; lu-ut , February the twenty-fourtb,

intheve.tr one thonsand five hnndred. !{-• canied

Uni) long wars against Francis the First, king of France, whom he even made prisoner at the battis ofPavia Sefoughtalso againsl Henry the Eighth, king of England, and against Pope Clément tho

Adjectifs numéraux. 3 1

Seventh, who had also tlie misfortune to be taken prisoner, and of whom Charles required a ransom Of four hundred tliousand gold dollars. He obtained, however, only the fourth part of this sum. He died on the twenty-first of September, in the year one tliousand five hundred and fifty-eight. ] Eleven years after the death of Charles the First, lus son Charles the Second succeeded in returning to England and in reascending the throne of his fathers.— Pope Sixtus the Fifth was one of the bitterest enemies of Henry the Fourth, king of France. — Edward the Fifth, king of England, was murdered at the âge of fifteen, by his own uncle.— The first of August we embarked at Liverpool for America ; from the second to the eleventh we had constantly contrary winds, so that we arrived only the thirty-first at New York, whilst in my preceding voyage I had made the passage in a fortnight.- — If you will learn something beautiful by heart, choose the account of the death of Hippolyte in the sixth scène of the fifth act of Racine' s Phsedra. — The second, fourth, and sixth books of the iEneid are the most beautiful of the whole poem.

To require,

rédamer ;

To succeed,

réussir ;

Keascend,

remonter sur ;

Bitter,

acharné ;

So that,

de sorte que ;

Passage,

la traversée.

You will find Schiller's song of the Bell (la Cloche) in the second volume of the small édition of his works. — The complète édition of Goethe is now printed in two volumes, the first of which lias already appeared, the second is in the (sous) press. — The half of twenty is ten, the third is six and two-thircls, the fourth is five, the fifth is four, the sixth is three and two-sixths or one-third ; the seventh is two and six-sevenihs, the eighth is two and (a) half, the ninth is two and two ninths, and the tenth is two. — Twelve is the double of six, the triple of four, the quadruple of three and six

32 Thèmes.

times two. Tou hâve paid me a (à) lmndredfold for thèse small (ttç/er) services. If niy loss amounts to two hundred florins, that of my friend amounts to fcwenty times as much. — About flfteen soldiers were killed orwoundedin this skirmish. — Lend me about ten or fcwelve francs. — I shall go into (à) the country for about eight days or a fortnight. — Is it already midnight? — Since the opening of the railway it is possible to be in Antwerp at fcwelve o'clock, leaving (en) Brussela at half-past fceD ; and after having remained there a couple of hours, to be baek in Brussels at half-past fchree, or, at the lafcesfc, at a quarter to four. — The prisoners marohed fcwo and two (abreast) betw.cn a double row (kaù I of soldiers. — Thousands, millions of incn live as if they were (devoir) never to die. — I divided fcwo hundred nuts, which T had bought for a dozen sous, among about fiffceen children of fchia poor neighborhood (quartier). ïbu will learn Frenoh befcter in Paris in hall" a year fchan in Strasbourg in a year and a half.— Yesterday it was a fortnight Bince f receiyed the news <>f my sisters' arrivai at Geneva, and a week from fco-morrow 1 expecl a second Letfcer, which wîU bring me the détails of their sojourn in

that town.

Aniiiuiit, m mon

They were never, Mm* mu ut ;

opentng, U» ne <i< va& ni jamab,

Charles the Twelffch, king of Sweden, was born at Stockholm, June the fcwenty-sevenfch, in the year <>no thousand six hundred and eighty-two. Ho lost his mother in his elewnth year, and «ras scarcely fiffceen years old when his Eather died. According fco the will of the latter, he ought only fco hâve been of âge affcer having completed his eighfceenfch year, but on fcne proposition of the minister Piper, the stafcesgavehim the 1 h ) government in the yearone thousand six hundred and ninety-seven. In the year one thousand seven hundred, reter the First, emperor of Russia, Frederick the Fourfch, king of Denmark, and

Pronoms personnels. 3ft

Augustus, elector of Saxony, declared war (against) liim ; lie attacked them one aftertlie other, and gained at first several brilliant victories, among others that of Narva, where lie defeated with less thaii eiglit tliousand Swedes eighty thousand Russians, of whom more tlian twenty tliousand were slain, whilst lie lost only six liundred men. But wlien lie afterward penetrated into Russia, lie lost the décisive battle of Pultawa, and was obliged to flee, with a feeble escort of two liundred and fïfty Swedes, into (sur) tlie Turkish territory.

Accorcling to, d'après;

Of âge, majeur ;

To flee, se réfugier.

Thèmes sur les pronoms personnels.

O thou ! said I to the young man, son of a fatlieï that I loved so much, how dost thou corne hère ? From whence comest thou ? He answered me that he came from the siège of Troy. Thou hast not been on (de) the first expédition, I said to him. And thou, replied lie, wast thou there ? Then (alors) I answered him : Thou dost not know, I see (it — le) well, either me, or my niisfortune. — As I awoke I perceived his confusion : "Wilt thou deceive me, said I to him ? "What is the matter ? You must follow us to Troy, lie answered (me). I replied immediately. Oh ! what saidst thou there, my son ? give me back my arms ; I am betrayed, do not take my life. I then exclaimed : What do I see ? Is it not Ulysses ? I had scarcely pronounced thèse words when (que) he approached me and replied : Yes, it is I ! Thou believest that thou shalt die ; no, thou shalt live.— It is in vain that he hopes to deceive me, I penetrate his thoughts, and perhaps he will perish in his own snares. — The governor perceived Elizabeth and recognized her. Mademoiselle, said lie to her, my son lias often spoken of you to me. Has he told you, interrupted the mother

34 Thèmes.

eagerly, that she owes him the life of lier fatlier? Nu, repliée! lie, but lie lias said to nie, that she would sacriiiee hers for lier fatlier aiid for you.

Take the life,

prendre la rie

To exelaim,

The saaie,

le piège.

Socrates took the cup ami blessed him who presented it (him). — Ererjthing that Bhines above and near us dazzlrs and offends us. — The duke of Orléans assured Voltaire that he -would take (an) interest in him. — How often hâve we informed you of the pro- !' the Athmians ! — Le! us avenge ourselves apon misfortune by making (rervdn it useful to us.j— Tho kindiifss with whioh a man tivats us, attaches us to him. If v<>u are eulpable, confesa it frankly to me.— Su happy an opportunity waa never offered to me. — A» for iny children, 1 recoin mend them to you; let me hope that you \\\\\ do for them \\ hat you hâve Lad tho kindness to do for m.'. — The présente offered to Sully to corrupi him, disgraoed only thos.' who offered th. an. Bossue! forced the Language to obey him; in- Bteâd of snbmitting hûnsetf to it, lu- nues it. and oarries it away witli him; he alone knowa ail its pecaliarjties.- The trnly wise man does n<>t aspire to riches; when they présent thernselves to him, he A<n-* himself honor usmonort by their ose. People believe that fchey hâve dnly to address nu', when they wish to obtain aome^hing Erom you. Before calling anv une a fiimil. it i> Heoessary to know if oi.

trust him. /

iften, gueé

A- for, iin,i

To disf '■''• ;

To i.imv away, * ntttfùu r :

They hâre only to, qvtiU n'ont gu*d ;

Napoléon nndertook in vain to subjugate Spain; he found (when) too late, thaï a people wnioh Le determined to conques or to die, oan maintain its inde»

Pronoms personnels. 35

pendence. — "We désire that every one sliould love us, admire us, and seek onlj to please us. — How do you contrive, then, to please everybody ? Explain it to me, if you please. — Tes, I believe it now, I am convinced of it, true happiness is only to be found in the performance of one's duty. — I beseech you (en), do not refuse me this request. — Philoctetes besought Pyrrhus not to abandon kiin in the island of Lemnos. — They (on) hâve sent to the colonies as many people as were necessary there, no more (plus . . . personne) are wanted (there). — Voltaire was then at the Prussian court. Charlottenburg, wrote he, is a charming place, and Frederick the Great does the honors (of it). — Give battle, wrote Louis the Fourteenth to Yillars ; if you lose it, write (it) to me, but write (it) to me alone. I will mount my horse, (with) your letter in my hand ; I will read it in public : I know the French, I shall bring you a hundred thousand men.

He found, il apprit ;

Performance, accomp"

Place, séjour }

Mount my horse, monter à cheval.

p Self-love makes men idolaters of themselves, and would make them the tyrants of others, if fate had given them the means (of it). — If you seek (to learn) the principles of morality, look into your own heart, you will nnd them there. — Ceres assembled the dispersed people, she gave them a plough, and had oxen yoked to it. — Nature has put insects into every drop of water, and in so large a number that the physician Lewenhoek has counted thousands of them (there). — I hâve read this history, and I hâve seen with pleasure that they (on) render you ail the justice which is due to you. — Lend me five francs, said a Gascon to me. I cannot, I answered him, because I hâve only two. "Well, replied he, then lend them to me, and you wil] owe (devoir) me three. — Did you complain of me ? — Yes, I confess it frankly, I did complain of you, and t had also reasons (for it, en). — Write sometimes to

36 Thèmes.

me and speak of me to tkose who know me, that I may not be so soon forgotten by them. — Noble actions adorn the soûl and encourage it to repeat them. — How happy are the people who irihabit thèse valleys ! the shepherd hère keeps his flock without fear, tho laborei sows and reaps (hère) in peace. — The brilliant qnalities of Henry of Guise, and even his faults, contributed to make him a mighty rebel chief.

Plough,

la éharrut

TO Coke,

attt '

How happy are,

ht ureux.

Whexi you hâve committed a fault, repent of it, but do not abandon fUvrer) yourself to despair. — Tlio officer asked who would brave such a danger with him. I (wîïï), we ail! waa the answer. — If you thînk of me, you may be assured that <>n my pari I

think constantly <'f yon. The king had a favorite, who flattered him mnch, and injurea him at the same tdme, luit he waa bo accustomed to him, that he could not do without him.- I know, wrote Feuqnièrea to Louia the Fonrteenth, thaï I hâve displeased your M ij( îty, and although I do aot know m what, I do not oonedder myself Lésa oulpable. A true friend pafdona his friend ail the onkindness which h<' receivea lVom him ; it afflicte him, but hedoesnot lovehim (the) i it. I am l'ullv convinced that theywil] pardon you again, if yon repent <>f yonr condnct. Louis tho .Fonrteenth asked à Tavernier why he had bonght a oountry-aeat in Switzerland. Sir, answered he, I wiahed t>> hâve a property which belonged only to me. I now pereeived a man coveredwith bloodj i ran t-> him (m) exofaiming : Etegulua, ia it thon? — If you are ambitions, yonr sou] La no longer yonr own. — la it yon, dear? Ses, it ia I, answered she.

To <l<> without, mpatmr{de)j

la your uwu, e#t à nom.

Pron oms personnels. 3 7

Thèmes sur les pronoms personnels.

As often as I admire the rose, I find new beautiesi in it. — Kome drewto ifcself the riches of Alexandria. — I lived for three years in that magnificent country, and took such a liking to it, that I still regret having left it. — Catinat loved his honor, sacrificed himself for it, and never spoke of it. — The Spaniard wears a cloak, notwithstanding the heat of the sun, and scarcely ever goes out without it. — Do you know with whose style tney compared yours, and what praise was given to it ? — The limits of science are like the horizon, the nearer one approaches them, the farther they recède. — An agreeable melody came out (s'élever) of the foliage of the tree, a nightingale was hidden in it. — He who refers everything to himself has not many friends. — The greatest victory is that which we (on) gain over ourselves. — Ail animais hâve an instinct which never deceives them. — Every one blâmes in an other, what is blamed in himself. — To love only one's self is not to love much. — In fulfilling the wish of his father, this young man works for himself. — When any one (on) persists in a fault, he wishes his own unhappiness. — Why are the rich often so hard toward the poor? Bccause they do not fear that they themselves will become so. — Frejus and Eavenna hâve been seaports, but they are so no longer. — This lady is not a widow, but her husband's illness makes me fear that she may soon become one. — Are you the travellers whose arrivai has been announced to me ? Tes, we are (they). — Are you Germans ? Yes, we are. — Are you the three Bomans chosen for the fight ? Yes, we are. — Are you the new cook ? Yes, I am. — This princess is not the betrothed of the Duke of L., and never will be.

As often as, toutes les fois que ;

To draw, attirer ;

Liking, goût;

To refer, rapporte?.

38 Thèmes.

The motlier of tlie convict sought an audience of the king, lioping to soften liim ; she wisked to implore forgiveness for lier son, but she could not gain admission, and she departed without having seen him. — It is through tins poor man that justice lias been rendered to us ; we ought to make him a présent ; he deserves it the mon', because he is so poor that lie is obligea fco work twelve hours a (par day, to provide Bcantily for hia numerous family. — The cataract of tlio Bhine does not seem as high as it is in reality. — ïhc Turkisli emperor is less powerful than is generally believed. — xour father and I hâve been fpr a long tiiu.- eaeh other's enemies. Wnen Ferdinand married Isabella, he and Bhe possessed the largest part of Bpain. Narbal and 1 admired the goodness of the gods, who had saved him and me rrom so great a danger.— 1 eomplained of him and of liis wife, but my complainte were n<it listened to.— The sin that avo follow, attaches itself to us to punish us for (de) the pleasures'which it lias given us.— -Tin- Constable oi Bourbon owed (devoir it to liimself to spare France, of which he mighl one day be king.— J hâve oommitted the fault, my brother is innocent.— How cas a eu refuse that service to me, who hâve rendered you so tnany? Se believed that every one's eyea were fixed <>n him. It is nol the slave that ought to l>n whipped, but thyself, cruel planter. Thon deserves! it ! thon art powerful. Lut he is weak. — We Gtermana think more of the soliditj of learning, than

variety.

Implore forgivenees, demander g '"»)/

Bcantily, menti

Pollow, <'rrc ;

To tix the i • tei >/< m :

Wc Germain, outrée Allemands.

Pronoms personnels. 3 9

Récapitulation.

(A CorintMan ambassador tries to induce tJie Lacedemonians to make war against the Athenians.)

" How often hâve we informed you and the other Greeks of the projects of the Athenians ! Is it then necessary that I should still remind you of them ? Already several towns hâve submitted to them, others hâve made treaties with them, and you are still sitting in council ? Will you only think of defending yourselves and your homes when the triumphant enemy shall throw himself upon you, with ail his forces? "We remember well when the Medes attacked Greece, and haçl already penetrated into it, you still remained quietly in your houses and flattered yourselves with (de) the hope that they would not dare to attaek you. This time the foes are already at your door ; do you not hear them ? They threaten to subdue us, and to force us to pay them tribute ; shall you give them the means of doing this by your inactivity ? Hâve you not yet learnt to know them ? Hâve you forgotten them and their plans ? Hasten then, O Lacedemonians, to unité with us in order to attaek the common enemy. Do you not fear that your neutrality will make (subj. avec ne) them venture (upon) an enterprise, which you will regret not to hâve opposed, when you were still able to do so ? Do not force us and our friends to throw ourselves into their arms, and at the head of the Greeks, show yourselves worthy of the valor which our forefathers ascribed to you."

Induce, décider ;

How often, que de fois ;

Remind, rappeler ;

To sit in council, délibérer ;

Venture, hasarder.

40 Thbnes.

Thèmes sur les pronoms possessifs.

Each century lias its own vices and virtues ; the andents bad theirs, wliicb were in truth différent from ours, but which showed as well as ours the defeets of liunian nature. — In lier exile, Madame de Staël occupied herself with literary studies, and sonie of lier beat worka date from that time. lier numerous frieuds for a long time vainly employed ail their influence to obtain her liberty; ail their efforts were fruitless, and it was only after manyyears that she oould leave (the place of) lier exile. — My friendship for you, my dear nièce, lias never Eailed [se démentir). 1 hôped also t<» obtain yours, but 1 hâve oot even succeeded in gaining your confidence. I oannot conceal from you that your conduct excites my Eears in the highest degree. You know that I promised to your parents, who had nothing dearer than their daughter, to take care of your happiness and of your future, and that \<'»u in return engaged t<> facilitate my task by your obédience. 1 shau keep my promise, as muoh as it is in my power, l>ut I conjure you to remain also faithful to yours, and to fullil your duties in ail their eztenl as I ahall luliil mine.

[n retnrn,

(} votre ti'iir

fiiin M u ,•

l'.Mellt,

vèu .

Where hâve you spenl your vacation (pi.), my dear friend? — 1 was [Inde/.) with my uucle and aunt at their country-seat, situated on the bordera of : l.il.r of •onstance, where my father also paid thém a visit. Vou may well imagine our pieasure in s. , ing those charming landscapes in ail their beautry and riohness. Did your father Btay there a

long ti V No ; nnhappily dis numerous occupations

did nol allow liim to slctrc our pleasnre more than a fortnighi I know that you hâve made an excursion bysteamboatj was your pa good one?

Pronoms et Adjectif s possessif s. 41

and very amusing, for my aunt had brought lier daughters witli her, and my pleasure was doubled by having them with me (leur société). We landed at Constance, and stayed there two days, to see that ancient town and its curiosities. I there found one of the friends of my childhood, whom I had not seen since she left school. My father being an old friend of her father (pr. poss.), the latter wished us to be (fussions) his guests. He conducted us to (dans) his country-seat, from whence one has a beautiful view of the town and its neighborhood. On (de) the other side we could see the mountains of our dear Switzerland with their summits crowned with (de) snow, rising far above the clouds.

Steamboat, bateau-à-vapeur ;

Passage, traversée ;

Far above, bien au-< '

Thèmes sur les pronoms possessifs.

We accuse fortune of ail our sufferings, and yet our happiness and our unhappiness are generally the conséquence of our own actions. — Obey, my dear friend, the remonstrances of your friends and your parents ; confide (se fer) in their prolonged expérience, their good counsels tend only to your own happiness. — In the situation which we désire everything seems beautiful ; we see its flowers and do not see its thorns. Everything in the world has its dark and its bright side. — When the princess gave her hand to the king, she pledged herself to become the mother of her subjects and the faithful companion of her husband, to make ail sacrifices to insure their happiness and his own, and she has faithfully kept her promise. — Jupiter haSj.like our earth, his days, his nights, and his years. — The power of time has done nothing to the pyramids, their solidity has preserved them from de-

42 Thèmes.

struction; when you are still at (a distance of) a league from tliem, you think yourself at their i'oot, and as they rise on an immense plain, their summits eau be seen at a distance of eighteen leagues.

I ° tend, avoir pour but ;

lo pledgc one'aself, foin vœu.

When the pénitent [repentant) son saw his father, lie ran to meet him, fell on his knees, seized his hancl pressed it warmly against his breast, and besought him to pardon him, assuring him, as well as he coiâd. that he had never ceased to love and révérence hïm. fn.m the bottom of his h. art. The father, touched by his Borrow, could nol resisf any longer, and granted him lus forgiveness. My dear Êenry, the news that I hâve received from Paris disappoints vour hopes and mine. Our aunl finds herself worse and worse; she has yiolenl pains in her chest, and her head aohes oontinually. Our oncle has promised to give me again further news of her, and we hope that it will be more satisfactorv. Receive at the same time his congratulations and mine, on the honorable situation which your merii has procured for you.— Why ahould we fear death, when we hâve lived in a (de) mannej noi to fearits conséquences? I wasverymuch aston ished to hear that yon did not receive the letter 1 wrote to you lasl Monday, and a little parce] that acoompanied it The lasl contained your passpori and my own, which oughi to havobeeu signed (légal

Tussian ambassador; I am very much afraid thaï your iourney and myown maybe retardedbyrl -• To attaio his end, this wilful man sacrificed his wife'a fortune and lus own ; it wap in vain t.. attempt to help him. It was bnpossible for me to rescue him from the al.vss mto which he had thrown himself and his tamily, by lus imprudence and thoughtlessness.

un. aooordtr;

Congratulai ^

Pronoms et Adjectifs démonstratifs, 43

Récapitulation.

Charlemagne so regulated his empire that he was tlie only master of his subjects. The rules which he laid down were minute, and their fulfilment met with no résistance. You hâve seen that he knew how to punish, but his magnanimity has also more than once excited your admiration. As a (comme, sans art) prince he was great, as a man he was perhaps stiÛ more so. His plans were comprehensive (vaste), but they seemed simple in their exécution, so (tant) easily did they attain their end. He travelled continually through his immense empire, and his arms penetrated everywhere, in order to (pour) anticipate the misfortunes which threatened him. The dangers which terrified ordinary persons, did not move him. Nothing could stir him out of his tranquillity, not even the conspiracies which were formed against him. This remarkable prince was besides extremely temperate ; his manners were simple, his disposition gentle ; heliked to spend his time with the persons of his court, he gave them his advice (pi.), and weighed theirs in the balance of justice and reason. May it be allowed to us to add one word more to the praise of this great man. He gave orders that the eggs produced on his farms should be sold, likewise the unused vegetables of his gardens ; and he who did this, had divided among (à) his people the riches of the Lombards, and the immense treasures of the Huns.

Divided. distribué.

Thèmes sur les pronoms démonstratifs.

This ground (upon) which you tread, this water which you drink, this air which you breathe, are inhabited by millions of animais, whose existence we do not suspect. Thèse marvels scarcely move us. — The

44 Thèmes.

best teaclring is that of example (pi.) — Forget tlie services (que) thou hast rendered ; remember always those thou hast received.— The wounds of tlie body heal inuch sooner than those of the mind. — In thèse embarrassing circunistances, the emperor thought less of gaining ( inf. new friends than of making (in/.) use of those he had already. — The sweetest harmony is the voice of one (cdui) whom we love. — That one of fcwo learn< (1 men, who is the richest, will generally ho the one to whom the mosi honor is rendered. — Ono never finds, says Buffon, the sparrow in uninhabited pl.u-cs. ii.it even in those which are far Erom tin1 habitations <>1' nian. — One who sells himself, costs always more than be ■• is worth valoir . To excuse such a mania of conquests, the examples of Alexander and CsBsar are appealed to : they were great gên-

erais, ii is trne, but I ask if that was sufficient to Becure the happiness of their people. This cann<

be said. I r< peat il, thèse conquerors did nothing for the real welfare of mankiud, and (lie glory towhicntheya pired, is, in dat. the eyes of the plulanthropist, only an onsubstantia] vairu vapor. To Iread, fouler:

N..' even, pas

Tla latt< r died in the midsl of happiness and of al] tnforts <>f Life, the fonner breathed his last sie;li in misery and bitterness <>f spirîf ; but both sliall sle< j> together in the Bame «lust. — The Phœnicians retired after having eoncluded a treaty with the new king <>f Egypt: the latter liberated ail the prisoners. Erom lliis point (hère)" the Jura prevents us Erom seeing the Aljis. although the former is infinitely lower than the latter. Schiller makes the foUowing comparison between the cardinale Mazario and Granvella : the motive of Mazarin was cupidity, that of Granvella the désire of reigning. Tne former was humane and kind ; the latter was hard, imperious, an<l cruel. The former sought in the affection of the parties a refuge

Pronoms et Adjectifs démonstratifs. ~ 45

against the liatred of the aristocracy and tlie fury of the people ; fche latter provoked the liatred of a whole nation in order (pour) to please a single (person). Opposed to (contre) Mazarin tliere were only factions, and tlie people whom they armed ; against Granvella tlie nation. Under the former tlie parliament souglit to obtain by craft a power that was not due to it ; under tlie latter it fouglit for its légal autliority. Their liigli position could not préserve either of tlieni from ridicule, but France f ound relief in laughing at her cardinal, and the Netherlands went on from ridicule to revolt. The former (country) passed from a state of bondage under Richelieu's dominion into an unaccustomed liberty ; the latter (pi.) from a long freedorn to an unaccustomed servitude.

Breathecl liis last sigh, rendit le dernier soupir ;

Motive, le mobile ;

They were only, il n'y avait que ;

Craft, la ruse ;

To be due, être dû ;

Bondage, servitude.

Thèmes sur les pronoms démonstratifs.

True happiness is not on earth ; but what one can at least avoid, is to be unhappy by one's own fault.— The désire (manie) of most of the Frencb, said Montesquieu, is to show intellect (esprit) ; and that of those who believe that they hâve intellect, is to write books. — The great secret of being happy, is to obey God. — What supports man in the greatest unhappiness, is hope. — The best revenge, is to forget the offence. — What is true, is not always probable. — ■ What one admires in Goethe's dramas are the characters, which are always true (fidèle) to nature. — Those officers and soldiers were esposed in that fatal (funeste) and unjust w*r against Russia to every kind of hardship and danger. — Do not rely on those pretended friends, those

46 Thèmes.

new or old acquaintances, who seek in tlieir intercourse with tou only tbeir o"\vn interest ; follow this wise and £ood advice, and von will thank me one daj for it. — How can von speak in such a mariner in the présence of thèse gentlemen and ladies ? Is it proper ? I eannot conceal from you that it astonishes and arrliets me. Do not always speak of this and that ; do von not know that nothing becomes a young lady better than modesty and timidity n i< nu< ? That is what I hâve repeated fco you so rery often.

pport, soutenir :

Speak in Buch a manner, tenir un tel langage;

be proper, able;

Becomes, sied.

You niaiiitain without reason that the lot of this onjust nian, who lives in pleasure nager dans les jouis-

. is happier than that of the honest poor. It' I could give you the choiee between the one lot (de Vun ) and the otner, it is not the rich man's you would désire— Do you still remember the fable of Lafontaine entitled intitulée) the financier and the cobblèr? Tlio one, \\li" h.id everything in abundance was always sad and gloomy; the other, who gained wîth difficulty a l'ew penci i day, sang and laughed from

morning till evening. -If the Cfe and death of S- .cm tes are those of a Sage, the life and death of Christ are

of a God. Wh.it o'clock isit? Wait a little, the great dock is just striking. What o'clock is it then? It is t<-n. — it was possible thaï 1 should employ other tneanft but they would not hâve led me bo bood to niv end ; that is sure. It seemed thaï Pompey .wished to be the only gênerai of the republic, whilftt lie ought to liave been oontented to be the first. — I am never tired of reading Horace and Virgil, they are my favorite poets. — It is a sli^lit misfortune t<> oblige the unerateful, but it is an intolérable one to be (under) obligation to a dishonest man. -Voltaire lias written much, it is truc, but how many errors his works con-

Pronoms relatifs. 41

tain. — It is easier to conquer provinces, than to subdue one's passions. —

Without reason, c'est à tort que ....

Cobbler, savetier ;

Gloomy, morose, sombr<

Récapitulation.

One of the greatest conquerors was that Alexander who put an end to the Persian empire. To attain this end, he had taken the wisest measures. He began the war as soon as he had Completel j subjugated the Greeks. Thèse, weakened and disunited, could not take advantage of his absence to regain that liberty, the loss of which, of ail their sufferings, was the one which they bore the most impatiently. The countries situated on the sea-shore were those which Alexander conquered first. He led his armies along the coast, so as not to be separated from his fleet. What must be admired the most in this war, was the skill which Alesander employed against the numerical superiority (h nombre) of his enemies. If it is true that victory gave him everything, it is also just to recognize that he neglected nothing to gain it ; that is indisputable ! At the beginning of his enterprise, that is to say at the time when a defeat would hâve annihilated him, he risked little, but when fortune favored him, he was bold even to temerity. When he fought against the naval power of the Persians (along) with Parmenion, it was rather the latter that showed audacity, he himself (pr. dém) displayed the greatest prudence.

To begin war, se mettre en campagne ;

To show, déployer ; faire preuve de.

Thèmes sur les pronoms relatifs.

Charlemagne united ail those countries, which were only a part of the vast monarchy, formed by this con-

48 Thèmes.

queror ont of Germany, France, and Lombardy.— "When we (on) consider with attention who are the people that never praise anything, who always blâme, who are pleased (content d\ i with nobody, we aeknowledge fchat they are precisely those with whom nobody is satisfied. — Hypocrisy (art. déf.) is the homage which vice renders to virtue. — People (on) are generally better convinced with the reasons they riml for themselves, than with those which others hâve found (s'aviser de). — The danger which threatened Henry 1]).' Fourth waa not s.» great as they (on) représentée! t<> liim. Those who hoped to encircle him, were the same cowarda whom he had besieged at l'avis, or (they were) people o£ no greater importance (valoir T hâve Long knOwn whom you honor with rnr confidence, and who deserves it ao badly ; I know well, also, to whom I owe the bad service [/>/.) which some one has rendered me in your estimation ; but what 1 cannot conçoive, what afflicta me the most, is t li.it the blindness which mialeads you, can subst.) bring you t<> such ingratitude. - Th. re ia no pride which Fortune doea noi humiliate, — ( fontlem an insensible power, which one

doea noi easily resist. Nbthmg ia more touching than the aincerity with which Hippocrates avows hia faults.

; known, * depuis longt

To mislead, To bring,

Tho building in which I then found myaelf, and under whoae arches a Christian bel] reaounded, was the work of a heathen emperor. Nol far from thenoe flows the Tiber, <É) (sur) the banka of which the Bomans gained fcheir nrst victories, and to (sur) which the présent (d aujourd'hui) inhabitants acarcely give ■ thought (ne jettent plus gitb'i les if eux). — The entranoe of thia grotto is planted with (de) treea, un. 1er (à) the ahadow of which travellers repo 'I many

limes ((ho conquerors leave uncultivated the

ground fa» which they hâve ahed torrents of lilooil! —

Pronoms relatifs. 49

Tlie town of Adria was formerlj situated on the borders of tlie sea to which it lias given its name. — The censors could expel any one whoni they wished from the senate. — With which language shall I compare ours, if it is not with that out of the remains of which it has beeu formed ? — The nations who spread themselves from the north like torrents, crushed the power of those Romans who had subjugated everything. — He who pays his debts enriches himself. — He who says nothing consents. — Self-love is a fault against which we must continually fight. — We easily pardon those who annoy us, but we cannot pardon those whom we annoy.

Kot far from thence, non loin delà;

Uncultivated, enfriclie;

Says nothing, ne dit mot.

That of which men often complain is their memory, but you rarely find any one complaining of his understanding. — When a man is diligent, he finds in every position something (de quoi) to occupy himself (with). — The country in which I found myself is very rich in natural beauty, but the grief in which I was plunged, did not permit me to enjoy it. — I cannot conceive of what they accuse this unhappy man ; it is a

Eerverse (contraire) fortune which has precipitated im into ruin, this cannot be denied ; that in which he was perhaps wrong, was in hiding his position from friends in whom he could hâve placed confidence ; but can this be called a crime in him ? — The curiosity df this man approaches (toucher à) indiscrétion. He asked me who I was, what I was, what my parents were, what was my occupation, and other questions which I do not remember and to which I answered only reluctantly (à regret). — Friendship, in the midst of which I had found the greatest earthly happiness, is now extinguished for me.

What is my occupation, de quoi je m'occupe ;

Extinguish, s'éteindre.

50 Thèmes.

Thèmes sur les pronoms relatifs.

As a child, Cuvier was recornmended to tlie princess of Wurtemberg, the grandmother of the emperor Alexander, wlio then resided in lier castle of Montbeillard. — As long as the gênerai enjoyed the favor of his monarch, people were anxious to flatter and to worship him, but since he has t'allen into disgrâce, they (c'est à </>n) blâme aiul calumniate him (continu.iliyi. — Gaillard has written a history of Francis the First, which is very much esteemed. — Tlie mines from which we get (tirer) the best quicksilver are in Spam, not l'ar from Alinaden. — The family from -which Eliza- 1/ith descended, had once given kings to Poland. — The country from which I came, having been a short fcime before visitèd (infecté) by the plagae, I was obligea to keep : 1 11 aanoying quarantme at Trieste. —

HciNtii, to which this unfortunatc (mail) addivssed

his f« rv. ut prayers, at length answered 1ns supplicarions, and eansed him (/aire) l<> iiii<l, little by litige, tlie peaoe which lie songhi- -This merohant, whose arder and economy were Eormerly praised by everybody, has l<»si by his présent (actueïfe) oondnci and by

his j.iM.ligality, thr cmitidi ne of his corrcspoiidcnts,

and, what is worse, the esteem of honest peoplo.

As a child, encore enfant ;

To ceside, faire sa réeiàencêj

\- long as, tant que ; Woramp,

.Vit far, ;/'//< loin ;

Onoc, autrefoi»;

To soek, aspirer à.

Récapitulation.

(ServUiuë, aocuêed qf having finf.) lost sorne troops in pursiiiii'i the, enemy after the victory, défends hxrnsey before the peoj If I hâve been oalled hère to give an aocount

of what passcd in the last battle, in which I corn-

Pronoms interrogatifs. 51

manded, I am ready to inform you (en), but if it ia only a pretext to condemn me, as I suspect, spare me vain words ; hère is my life and my blood, which I resign to you, and of wliich you may dispose. I was chosen consul with Yirgilius, at a time when dissension and famine reigned in the town. The state to the defence of which I was called was in a desperate situation. I marched toward the enemy, whom I defeated in two battles, and whom- 1 forced to retire into their strongholds, where the terror of our arms kept them concealed for a long time ; a circumstance which permitted me to occupy their territory, from which I drew (tirer) an immense quantity of corn, which I caused to be (je fis) carried (inf.) to Eome, where I reintroduced abundance.

You reproach me (for) the loss of some soldiers, which I suffered in pursuing the enemy. That is the crime of which you accuse me. Well, condemn me if you will. The liberty with which I address you will perhaps offend you, but I do not fear death, the dangers of which I hâve so often braved on the battleiield. Besides, life can only be a burden to a gênerai who is obliged to justify himself for (de) his victories, and who sees that the people contend for the singular honor of accusing him of an imaginary crime.

Stronghold, place forte;

Be a burden, être à charge.

Thèmes sur les pronoms interrogatifs.

What is human life ? A stormy sea on which we are continually at the mercy of (livrer à) the waves. What are men themselves? The misérable toys of their foolish passions. — Who could recognize in a dried rose the queen of flowers ? What reminds us in this (en elle), of its past beauty? What is it ? tell (it — le) me ! What has become of its agreeable perfume ?

52 Thèmes.

What butterfly do we see reeting (se poser) on its faded leaves ? Which.? I ask (it). It is the saine with the oufcward advantages of man ; with beauty espeeially. — When Àlexander died, says Montesquieu, ail the nati<ms were (left) without a master. But what a conqueror is ne, thaï is mourned by ail the people ho had Bubjugated! Who is the | «) usurper on whosë <lc;i(h tears were shed, even by the family which lie had precipitated from èhethrone? — "What is a good which cme cannot «livide with a friend? Who can name it so? Who, except an egotist, could enjoy it? And what a poor enjoyment! — What did Alexander vu\y in (à) Adiillrs? The glory of having bées sting '<\t'v. and the happiness of having had a friand liie Patroclus.

Ii La the same, U m est </<• i

Enjoy, jouir th.

Wh.it is tli.it divine roice which speatra fco us upon earth? What is bhat suit guide of a beùig, ignorant ami foeble, but intelligent and free? Jt is thon, eon-»

science, fchou art the judge of g 1 and evil. Whal ta

th. ir n ii ni • boly fchan thv voice? What can conduct us nuire surely to happiness (J'&icitè . fchan to listen and fco obey it ? Of what should we not be guilty, if we Buppressed it within us? Which of you would be blind and insi nsiUr enough fco wish fco do fchis?— •. Everything passes away and disappeara upon tins earth, butwhat is more ueeting [passager) fchan tiine? The Mars seem only ol Long duration when they are still far from us. Who is ne amongut (cFentre) you, who can rely on thettpresent state (of tnings) ? Wnom fchen il" we Bee always great, always happy hère belowî The rioh become poor, the powerful become weak*. What can inspire us with confidence in the rature? What, if it is not a good éducation, will }>ut us in a Btate fco support ourselvea hereaiter?

If. re 1" lOW, iri-hos ;

Bopport ouiselv nauitufflrt <ï nom

Pronoms et Adjectifs indéfinis. 53

SECOND COURS

You accuse me, Romans, becausê I hâve lost (d'avoir perdv) soldiers in the last battle. But who is the générât that can mate war upon a warlike (aguerri) people without loss % What is then my crime % What other fault hâve I committed ? Of what other do you reproach me ? Which of your gods has pledged (engager) himself to give the Komans victory without shedding the blood of the soldiers ? Whom can you persuade (faire croire) that glory is to be acquired without danger ? I attacked an enemy (pi.) more numerous than the troops which you had given me, and I put them to flight. What remained then for me to do ? 1 was obliged to pursue them. Who ainongst you would hâve renounced the complète victory that then offered itself to me? Was it even in my power to restrain soldiers whom their courage carrïed away ? What do I say ? If I had sounded the retreatr of what would you not hâve accnsed me ? Which of your tribunes would hâve approved of my conduct ? Would they not ail hâve pretended that I was in agreement with the enemy ? In what then hâve I failed in the duties of a gênerai ? Let (que) your tribunes stand up, and tell it me openly (franchement).

Make war, . combattre ;

Put to flight, mettre en fuite ;

In agreement, d'intelligence.

Thèmes sur les adjectifs indéfinis.

As soon as the Romans discovered any useful institution arnong any other people,, they hastened to introduce it into their own slate. — Each consul commanded liis own ariny. — Certain people read and study continu ally ; they learn everythïng except to think. — • Each âge in life has its pleasures and its pains. — Ger-

54 T/ièmes.

tain people take the silence of modesty for a stire Bign of ignorance. — Many an old man regrets, when too late, the errors*of his y ou th. — Do you know any punishnient which inspires aversion for evil \ Eaeh reaaonable man perçoives clearly that pnnishment arousea {exciter) fear, but does not correct the heart — Other nieans must therefore be sought to act npon the character. — Do not say that there remains notai ng for thee to du upon t lie earth, go and seek to console some unhappy (person), to aid the (adj. ind.) helplesa, to protect the (adj. ind.) oppressed.

Perceivee clearly, reconnaît bien;

Tu act, ",'/.;r.

Thèmes sur les pronoms et les adjectifs indéfinis.

1 speak freély to you. Another would perhapa excuse your faulta, or would attribute thein to others, but I :irn too iiiiicli your &iend to ose sucb language (tenir vu lanaaçi ). You young inexperienced people want a faithful counaellor, not a flatterer: we teachers Bhould tranggreaa theinoat Bacred ofdnties if we remained indiffercnl to your errors. — lu the battle of Lutzen, Gua- Bhowed the talent and the courage of another Alexander ; be there « 1 it< 1 tho deatb of a bero, and many otbera, who bad foughl witb the Bame valor as hiinselF, fell by bifl Bide. — It ta eaay to regrel the miafortunee of otbera, but it is another thing t<> comfort them. — Each gênerai attributed to himaelf the victory, but tho truth is, that tlie bajtle u;i> undecjded. — Many a man i> Libéral, and Forgeta to pay his debts ; do not follow

t-ucli an example. — Many a nian fallfl IntO the Miare

which he himaelf haa laid.— Certain people fear nothiug bo niuch as to appear ridieulous. — Charles the Twelfth could not quietïy enjoy the glory be Imd aeqnired. Bucb ie the loi i>t' nearly ail conquerora. — As a lion throws bimaelf npon a floclc of aheep, ao A «-h il les precipitated himaelf into the midat of the frightened

Pronoms et Adjectifs indéfinis. § 68. 55

Trojans (Troyens). — Such a man cannot be your friend ; tvy to ask from liim such and such service, he will soon tell you to apply to such. and sucb a one.

Want, avoir besoin de ;

To comfort, soulager.

Of ail the spectacles I had ever seen, that was tbe most rernarkable. — Every tbing unités, in naval battles, to increase tbe danger and to diminisb the chances of escape. — I must also tell you something of tbe ruins of Kome ; I observed tbem ail witb attention.— Hope, deceitful thougb it be, scatters flowers upon tbe patb of life. — Witb tbe Christian, religion, wbicb is wholly spiritual {intellectuel), has for (its) end the improvement and the happiness of man. — However savage and unfertile Lapland may be, its inhabitants leave tbeir country only witb sorrow {à regret).— Last century some Greenlanders were brought to the court of Copenbagen ; ail were tbere loaded with kindness, and yet tbey always appeared quite sad and quite broken down. Many of (d'entre) tbem were drowned in trying to return home in a shallop. They could, it is true, bave led a very (tout) différent life in a civilized country from that which tbey had in their misérable native land, but every other country (terre) appeared to thein a place of exile. — Tbe aspect of our native country has always a great charm fur us, because it recalls to us ail that. we hâve loved in our childliood ; and when we hâve- again seen ail that once cbarmed us in our young days, we feel something of tbe innocent joy of that much-loved time. — Ail Marseilles heard with transports of joy the news of the victory of Navarino.

Lapland,

la Zaponie ;

Greenlander,

le Grœnlandais ;

Loaded,

comblé ;

To be drowned,

se noyer ;

Recall,

rappeler (quelq\i£ chose à quelqu'un).

56 Tlièmes.

How can we expect another to keep onr secret, if we cannot keep it ourselves ? — The monks of tho St. Bernard brave the cold, the danger of being lost, even the avalanches, to save unhappy travellers who are strangers to them, and whom they bave (even) never seen. — After the battle of Canna the women were not even allowed to shed tears. — Even the most savage animais oflfer ns examples of thankfulness. — God alone remains always the same. — Magistrates owe to ail men, even to their enemies, the same justice. — None (sing.) are prophets in their own country. — No natural philosopher now doubts that the Bea once covered a great part of tho inhabitée! earth. — Onr de BÎfes are great mute), and we bave only small (peu) meane of Batiarying them (Inf.) — At Constantinople no eign of pleasure, ne appearance of happmeaa présents îtaelf to onr eyea ; wnat one secs there is not a people, but a ht.-nl Ici l.v an iinan and Blaughtered by a janissary. — Maintain liarmony (la ooncorde) within your honse, and you will like it botter than any other. — No one Baya that Pâte is blind when it brings him happinoss. — N<> prinoe lias been in danger of perishïng by conspiracies bo often as Ânguatua, and none lias eseapea them more fortunatelv.