acte, m., act, document; acte
de décès, death certifîcate.
adieu, farewell, good-by.
adjoint, m,, deputy-mayor.
adjuger, to award; adjugé!
gone ! (auction.) admettre, mis, mis, to admit, adresse, /., address; dexterity.
adresser, to address, direct.
VOCABULARY
affaiblir, to weaken.
affaisser, s', to fall in, sink
down.
afGEuné, e, famished.
affiche,/., bill. placard, afficher, to post, placard, affreux, se, horrible, afin que, so, in order that; afin
de {inf,)y for the purpose of
(with verbal form in ing).
af^t, m,, stand; the lying in
wait for game; gun-carriage.
agenouiller, s', to kneel down.
agir, to act; il s'agit de , , , , the
question is about . . . , it is
necessary to . . .
agiter, to shake, agitate.
agneau, x, /»., larab.
aide, m,, assistant; /., assistance, help.
aigle, m,^ eagle.
aigre, acid, sharp.
aigreur,/., acidity, sourness.
aigu, e, shrill, piercing.
aiguille,/., needle; hand.
aiguiser, to sharpen.
ail, m.t garlic. aile,/., wing.
ailleurs, elsewhere; d* ailleurs ^
besides.
aimer, to love, likc; aimer
mieux^ to prefer.
aîné, e, elder.
ainsi, thus; pour ainsi dire^ so
to ^peak.
airain,/;/., brass.
aisance, /., comfort; easy cir-
cumstances.
aise, /., ease; h son aise^ with
ease ; as much as one pleases aisselle,/, armpit.
ajouter, to add.
ajuster, to adjust: to level.
alêne, /., awl.
alentour, ail around.
aligner,to form in line,draw up.
allée, /., lane, alley; allées et
venuesy goings and comings.
Allemagne,/., Germany.
aller, to go; to fit; allons donc,
come, corne! s'en aller , to go
away.
allier, to ally; les alliés^ the
allies.
allonger, to lengthen; allonger
un coup de sabre y to deal a
sabre stroke.
allumer, to light, kindle. alors, then.
alouette,/., lark.
alsacien, ne, Alsatian.
amadou, m,y tinder.
amasser, to heap up, collect.
ambulance,/, field-hospital.
âme, /., soûl; âme en peine,
soûl in purgatory.
amener, to lead, bring on.
amer, ère, bitter.
amertume,/, bitterness.
ami, e, w./., friend.
amical, e, friendly.
amitié,/, friendship.
amonceler, to heap up.
amorce,/., bait; priming.
amour, m,^ love; amour propre,
self-respect.
amoureux, se, m./., sweetheart.
ampoule,/., blister.
amputer, to amputate.
an, w., year.
andouiUe,/., chitterlings, saus-
age.
âne, m, y ass, donkey.
anéantir, to annibilate, destroy.
anglais, e, English ; U7i Anglais,
an Englishman.
anguleux, se, angular.
animer, to give life, animate;
s', to become excited.
anneau, x, /»., ring, année,/, year.
anniyersaiie, m., anniversary.
VOCABULARY
annoncer, to announce, pro-
claim.
août, m, y August.
apaiser, to quiet, appease.
apercevoir, perçus, perçu, to per-
ceive.
aplatir, to flatten.
apothicaire, m,, druggist, apo-
thecary.
apôtre, m,^ apostle.
apparaître, parus, paru, to ap-
pear.
appel, w., roll-call; call to quarte rs.
appeler, to call; s', to be called.
Tu t'appelles ? Your name is ?
appétissant, e, appetizing.
applaudir, to cheer, applaud.
appliquer, to put in practice.
apporter, to bring back; to
yield.
apprendre, appris, appris, to
learn; to hear.
apprentiissage, ///., apprentice-
ship.
apprêter, to dispose, prépare, approche,/., approach.
approcher, to approach.
approuyer, to approve.
appuyer, to lean; to support, après, after; aprh avoir ^ after
having. après-midi, y./». > afternoon.
araignée,/., spider.
arbre, »i., tree.
arc, m, y arch.
archalfild', m. wire, brass wire.
archeyêque, m. y archbishop.
ardoise,/., slate.
arête, /., fish-bone ; angle,
sharp line.
argent, «., silver; money.
argenté, plaled; silvery.
argenterie,/., silverware.
arme, /. , weapon ; portez armes !
shoulder arms !
arme au bras, with musket at a
support, armée,/., army.
armoire,/., wardrobe, closet.
arracher, to pull, wrench ofif.
arracheur (de dents), a dentist.
arranger, to dispose, arrange ; flous les avons joliment ar^ rangésy we hâve given it to them nicely.
arrêt, »/., stopping ; lance en
arrêty lance in rest.
arrêter, to stop; to résolve; s',
to stop.
arrière, m. y rear ; en arrière,
backward.
arrière-garde, /., rear-guard.
arrivée, /. , arrivai, arriver, to arrive, happen.
arrondir, to round ofï.
arrondissement, m, y district.
arroser, to water, wash down. artilleur, m. y artilleryman.
assaut, m. y assault.
asseoir, s', assis, assis, to sit
down.
assez, enough.
assiéger, to besiege.
assiette,/., plate, assiettée,/., plateful.
assis, e, sitting, seated.
assistant, m. y person présent, assommer, to knock down,
smash, assoupir, s', to fall asleep.
astre, m. y heavenly body. star, athée, atheîstic ; un athée, an
atheist.
âtre, m, y hearth.
attaque, /., attar.k.
attelage, m, y team, atteler, to put to, attach.
attendre, to wait; s*. . . à, to ex-
pect, look forward to.
attendrir, to move, affect.
attendrissement, ///., émotion.
VOCABULAEY
attirer, to pull, attract.
attrape,/., trap.
attraper, to catch.
attribution, /., functîon, province.
attrister, to sadden.
au, for à le, to the, for the.
auberge,/., inn.
aubergiste, m,, innkeeper.
aucun, e, no; none.
audace, /., boldness, audacity.
audacieux, se, bold.
auge,/., trough, manger.
ai^ourd'lLui, to-day.
aune,/., ell.
auparavant, before, forme rly.
auprès, near.
aussi, also; therefore.
aussitôt, forthwith, at once; aussitôt que, as soon as.
autant, as much, as many; cT autant plus que^ especially as.
autel, m., altar, shrine.
autorité, /. , authority.
autour (de), around.
autre, other.
autrefois, in former times.
autrement, otherwise; much more.
Autriche,/., Austria.
aux, pL, a les, to the, in the.
ayaler, to swallow.
ayance (d*), beforehand, in advance.
avancée,/., outwork.
avancer, s', to advance.
avant, before; Vannée cT avant, the year before; en avant du village, in the fore part of the village; en avant, forward.
avant-garde, /. , vanguard.
avant-poste, m,, outpost.
avantage, m,, advantage; nous allons avoir V avantage, we are going to hâve the pleasure.
avantageux, se, favorable.
avare, m,, miser.
avec, with.
avenir, m,, future.
averse,/., shower.
avertir, to inform; to tell, ad-
vise. aveugler, to blind.
avilir, to debase, dégrade, aviné, e, tipsy.
avis, m., opinion, ad vice, avoine,/., oats.
avoir, eus, eu, to hâve; il y «,
there is, there are.
avouer, to confess, admit, avril, m,, april.
bach, Germ,, brook.
bâche,/., tilt, top awning.
badois, of Baden; »., Badener.
bagarre, /., fray, crowd.
baguette,/., small stick, drum-
stick.
baigner, to bathe; se baigner ^
to take a bath.
baignoire, / , bath-tub.
bâiUer, to yawn.
bain, m,, bath.
baiser, to kiss.
baisser, to lower; se baisser, to
stoop; to décline, bal, bals, m,, bail (dance).
Bâle, Basel.
balafre,/., gash, slash.
balai, m,, broom.
balayer, to sweep.
baldaquin, m,, canopy.
balle, /., buUet; balle de colpor^
leur, huckster's pack.
ballot, m,, pack, package, ban, m., ban, proclamation;
premier ban, the first call on
the reserve, ballotter, to move to and fro,
hang loosely.
banc, m,, form, benctu
VOCABULARY
bande, /*., band, bandage; bande de lard^ side of bacon.
bande,/., troop, gang.
bandeau, x, m,^ band, fillet.
bander, to bandage, dress.
bandoulière, /., shoulder-belt; le fusil en bandoulière^ gun slung over the shoulder.
banquier, i»., banker.
baptême,!»., christening, baptism.
baquet, /»., tub.
baraque,/*., but, hovel.
baratte, /., cburn.
barbare, barbarian, barbarous.
barbe, /., beard; se faire la barbe^ to sbave one's self.
barrière,/., fence, barrier.
bas, m.^ stocking.
bai, se, low, mean; le bas^ the lower part; tout bas^ in a low voice; à bas de son cheval ^ down from bis horse.
base,/., foundation.
basque, /. , coat-tail.
bassesse,/., meanness.
bataille,/, battle.
batailler, to fight, battle.
batailleur, m., pugnacious fellow.
bateau, x, f»., boat.
bâtiment, m,^ building.
bâtir, to build.
bâtisse,/, construction, building.
bâton, X»., stick.
batterie du fusil, /. , hammer of a gun-lock.
battre, se, to fight; battre en retraite^ to beat a retreat.
baudrier, m, y belt.
baume, /»., balm.
bavardage, m,^ babbling, chattering.
Bavarois, e, m, f.^ Bavarian.
baveux, se, slavering, foaming.
beau, belle, beautiful, fine; tu as beau faire ^ you may do what you like; tu viens d'en échapper d'aune belle y you bave just had a close call; il avait beau dire^ it was no use bis saying.
béant, e, gaping; bouche béante^ with open mouth.
beaucoup, much, many.
bec, I»., bill, beak.
becqueter, to peck, pick.
bêler, to bleat.
belette,/., weasel.
Belgique,/., Belgium.
bénir, to bless.
béquille,/., crutch.
Berbel, Barbara.
berceau, x, m.y cradle.
berger, w., shepherd.
besicles, /. /., spectacles.
besoin, m,, want; avoir besoin^ to need ; au besoin^ in case of need; at a pinch.
bétail, m, y cattle.
bête,/, animal, beast.
bête, silly, stupid.
bêtise,/., stupidity; blunder.
beurre, ^., butter.
bidet, m, y nag, horse.
bien, x»., possession; goods.
bien, well, very; eh bien!
well !
bienfaiteur, f»., benefactor.
bienheureux, se, blessed, happy.
bientêt, soon.
bière,/, béer.
billet, w., ticket; billet de loge* ment, billet.
bique,/., she-goat; nag.
bis, black; pain bis, black bread.
bise, /., cold blast, north wind.
bissao, m, y bag, knapsack.
bivaquer, to bivouac.
bizarre, fantastic, odd*
VOCABULARY
blano, ohe, white.
blanchir, to whiten, blanch;
wash, launder.
blé, m. y corn, wheat.
blesser, to wound, hurt.
blessure,/., -wound.
bleu, e, blue.
bleuâtre, bluish.
blottir, se, to cower down,
crouch.
blouse, /., smockf rock, blouse, bœuf, m. y ox; beef.
boire, bus, bu, to drink.
bois, /«., wood, forest; petit
boiSf kindling-wood.
boisé, e, woody, wooded.
boisson,/., beverage.
boîte,/., box, case, boiter, to limp, to be lame, boiteux, se, lame.
bon, m.\ un don sur la poste ^ a
money-order.
bon, ne, good; il faisait bon^
one felt comfortable; à la
bonne heure, that is right.
bond, m,, leap, jump.
bondir, to jump, leap.
bonheur, m,^ happiness, luck.
bonjour, good day.
bonnet, w.. cap, bonnet; bonnet
à poil y bear-skin cap; bonnet
de police y forage-cap. bonsoir, good evening, good
night.
bonté,/., kindness, goodness.
bord, m., border, bank, shore.
bordure,/, border, edge.
borgne, blind of one eye.
borne,/, bound, limit.
bossu, 6, hunchbacked.
botte,/, boot; bundle.
bouc, m., goat.
bouche,/, mouth; bouche àfeu^
pièce of ordnance.
bouchée, /., mouthful.
boucher, m, butcher.
boucher, to stop; to fill.
boucherie,/, butcher's shop.
bouchon, a stopper, cork;
tavern.
bouchonner, to rub down (a
horse).
boucle,/., lock; buckle.
boucler, to buckle.
boue, /., mud, mire, boueux, se, muddy.
bouffée, / , pufif, whiflf.
bouger, to budge.
bouilli, m, y boiled beef.
bouillir, to boil, seethe.
bouillon, m. y broth, soup.
bouillonner, to boil up, bubble, boulanger, /»., baker.
boule, / , bail.
bouleau, x, m, y birch-tree.
boulet, m. y bail (of cannon).
bouleversement, m. y confusion,
overthrow.
bouleverser, upset. bourbe,/, mud, mire.
bourdonner, to hum.
bourdonnement, ^y;., hum, hum-
ming.
bourgade,/, small borough.
bourgeois, f^.,burgher,civilian;
se, civil; effets bourgeois y citi-
zen's clothes.
bourgeoisie, /., burgher class.
bourgmestre, m, y burgomaster,
mayor.
bourgogne, «., winc of Bur-
gundy.
bourrer, fîll, cram.
bourriche,/ , provision hamper.
bousculer, to hustle, jostle.
bonsillage, m, y mud-wall building.
bout, m. y end, extremity ; au
bout de y at the end of, after;
à bout portant y point blank,
bout de papier y slip of paper.
bouteille,/, bottle.
VOCABULARY
boutique,/., shop.
bouton, m.f bud; button.
boutonnière, /. , buttonhole. boyau, x, »/., gut; long, narrow
lane.
braise,/., embers.
brancard, m, y litter, stretcher.
brandir, to flourish, brandish.
braque, cracked, daft.
bras, m.f arm; tenir à bras le
corps y grasp around the body.
bras dessus, bras dessous, arm in
arm.
brasser, to brew.
brasseur, m,y brewer.
brasserie,/., brewery.
braye, brave, good; un brave y
a hero; un brave homme, an
honest fellow.
bravoure, /. , bravery.
brèche,/., breach, gap.
bredouiller, to sputter, jabber.
bref, ève, brief, short.
bretelle,/., suspender, thong.
bride,/., bridle, rein, briller, to shine, glitter.
brin, m. y blade.
brindille,/., sprig, twig.
brique,/., brick, briquet, m, y steel and flint; battre le briquety to strike a
light.
briqueterie, /., brick -yard,
brick-kiln.
briser, to break, broc, tfi.y jug, pitcher.
brocbe, /., spit.
broder, to embroider.
broderie, /., embroidery.
brosse,/., brush.
brouette,/., wheelbarrow. brouillard, m, y fog, mist.
broussailles, /. /., brushwood,
briars.
brouter, to brouse.
bru,/, daughter-in-law.
bruine, /., drizzle, drizzling
rain.
bruissement, m, y rustling, whir-
ring.
bruit, m. y noise.
brûler, to burn.
brûlure,/., burn, scald.
brumaire, second month of the
republican year, Oct. 23 to
Nov. 21.
brume,/., mist.
brun, e, brown.
brusque, abrupt, gruff.
brutaliser, to use roughly.
bruyère,/., heath, heather.
buanderie,/., washhouse, laun«
dry.
bûcbe,/., log.
bûcber, m, y woodshed.
bûcheron, m, y wood-cutter.
buffet, m. y cupboard.
buflleterie, /. , belts, buffs.
buis, m. y box (plant).
buisson, m, y bush, thicket.
bure,/., drugget, fustian.
bureau, x, f»., office ; bureau de
fostCy post-office, burette,/., cruet, can.
butin, m, y booty.
buveur, m, y drinker.
ça = cela, that.
cabaret, m. y tavern.
cabaretier, m., publican, tavern-
keeper.
cacher, to hide.
cacheter, to seal.
cadeau, x, w., présent, gif t.
cadran, »/., dial.
cadre, ///., frame.
cahoter, to jolt.
cailler, to curdle; du lait caillé y
sour milk.
caillou, X, m, y pebble, stone.
caisse,/., chest, drum.
caisson, w.,ammunition- wagon.
VOCABULART
oaloul, m,, calculatton, design, calèche,/., barouche.
calleux, se, horny, callous.
camarade, m., comrade.
oamard, e, flat-nosed.
camisole, /. , strait-jacket.
campagne, /., fields, country;
campaign.
camper, to encamp.
canapé, m*, sofa, canard, m., duck.
caniche, m., poodle.
canne,/., cane, stick, cannelle,/., cinnamon.
canonner, to cannonade. canonnier, m.^ gunner.
cantine,/., canteen.
cantinière, /. , canteen-woman,
sutler.
cantonner, to canton, quarter.
caporal, aux, w., corporal.
capote,/., cloak, capote, capucine, /., band (of gun, etc.) caqueter, to cackle.
car, for.
carafe,/., décanter, carnage, m,, slaughter.
carré, m,^ square.
carreau, x, m, y square, lozenge;
window-pane.
carte,/., map.
cartouche,/., cartridge.
casaque, /. , jacket, coat ; tourner
casaque^ to change sides, as
a turncoat.
casaquin, m,^ jacket.
caserne, / , barracks.
caserner, to quarter in barracks.
casque, /»., helmet.
casquette,/., cap.
casser, to break, casserole,/., sauce-pan.
cassine, /., but, hovel.
castor, »?., beaver, beaver hat;
pop,^ hat, tile.
cause, /., cause, motive; à
cause de^ on account of, causer, to cause; to talk.
cavalier, ^/., rider, cave,/., cellar.
ce, m,t this.
ceci, m., this.
céder, to yield, cède, ceinture, /. , girdle.
cela, that; sans cela , else, other-
wise.
célébrer, to celebrate, solem-
nize.
céleste, heavenly.
celle-ci,/., this one.
celle-là, /. , that one.
celui-ci, m, y this one.
celui-là, m, y that one.
cendre, /. , ashes.
cent, hundred.
centaine, /., a hundred.
cependant, however, y et.
cerceau, x, m,., hoop.
cercle, m., circle, hoop.
cercler, to hoop; to encircle.
cerf, m, y stag.
cerise,/., cherry, cerisier, m. y cherry-tree.
cerveau, x, m, y brain.
cervelas, m., saveloy (sausage).
cervelle,/., brain.
ces, thèse, pL m, /.
cesse, /., ceasing; sans cesse,
without ceasing.
cesser, to cease, stop, cette,/., this.
ceux,//, m, y thèse, ceux ci, pi, m, y thèse, ceux-là,//, m, y those.
chacun, e, each, every one.
chaîne, /., chain.
chaînette, /. , small chain.
chair, /., flesh, méat; avoir la
chair de poule, to feel one's
flesh creep.
chaire, / , pulpit.
VOCABULARY
ehaise,/., chair.
chaleur, /. , beat.
chambrée, /., soldiers' dormitory.
champ, m,^ field.
chance, y., chance; avoir de la chance^ to be lucky.
chanceler, to shake, totter
chandelle,/., candie, light.
changement, m,, change.
changer, to change; changer de bas^ to change one's stockings; de quoi changer ^ linen or clothing for change.
chanoine, m.^ canon (priest).
chanson,/'., song, ditty.
chant, tn.^ song, hymn.
chanter, to sing.
chanvre, m., hem p.
chapeau, x, m., hat; chapeau à cornes, cocked hat.
chapelet, ^/i., string, beads.
chaque, each, every.
charbon, iw., charcoal.
charbonnier, m., charcoal-burner.
charbonnière,/., charcoal-kiln.
charcutier, m., pork-butcher, sausage-maker.
chardon, m,, thistle.
charme, m,, charm; hornbeam (tree); se porter comme un charme, to be in perfect health.
charpie,/., lint.
charrette, /. , cart.
charrue, /., plough.
charte./., charter.
chasse,/., chase, hunt.
chasseur, m., hunter; rifleman (railitary).
châssis, m,, sasli, frame.
chat, m., cat.
châtaigne,/., chestnut.
château, x, m,, castle.
châtier, to punish, chastise.
chaud, e, warm, bot.
chauffor, to warm up, to beat;
çà va chauffer, there'll be
some work.
chaufferette,/.» foot-stove.
chaume, i»., thatch.
chaussée, /., bank; roadway,
highway.
chausser (se), to put shoes, etc.,
on.
chaussette,/., sock.
chausson, m*, sock.
chauve, bald.
chauve-souris,/., bat.
chef, m,, chief, commander, chemin, m,, way, road; grana
chemin, highway.
cheminée,/., chimney.
cheminer, to walk, travel.
chemise,/., shirt, chemise, chenapan, m., ruffian, chêne, m,, oak-tree.
ohénevière, /. , hemp-field.
chenille, /., Caterpillar, cher, ère. dear.
chercher, to seek, look for.
cheval, aux. m,, horse; achevai,
on horseback; astride.
chevalier, m,, knight.
chevaucher, to ride, chevelure, /., hair, head of
hair. cheveu, x, m., hair.
chèvre, /. , she-goat.
chevron, m. y stripe; chevron, chevroter, to kid.
chez, with ; at the bouse of .
chien, m,, dog.
chirurgien, m., surgeon, chirurgien > major, chief - surgeon, choisir, to choose, elect.
chope, /., half-pint; glass of
béer, chose,/., thing.
chou, X, m., cabbage.
VOCABULAEY
choucroute./., saurkraut.
ciel, oiexixm.f heaven, sky.
cierge, m., taper, cime, y*., top, summit.
cimenter, to cernent, strength-
en.
cimetière, m., cemetery.
cinq, five.
cinquantaine, /., some fifty.
cinquante, fifty.
cinquième, fifth.
cire, /. , wax.
cirer, to wax, polish, black.
ciseaux, m. pi., scissors.
ciseleur, w., carver.
iDitation, y. , quotation. citerne, /. , cistern.
citoyen, m., citizen; citoyenne,/, citrouille, /., pumpkin.
civique, civic.
civière,/., litter, stretcher.
clair, e, clear, light; au clair de
la lune, in the moonshine.
clairière,/., glade.
clairvoyant, e, clear-sighted.
clameur,/., clamor, shouts.
clapotement, m,, splashing.
claquement, m,, clapping, snap-
ping.
claquer, to clack, smack; chat-
ter (teeth).
clarinette,/., clarionet.
clarté,/, clearness, light.
clavecin, m., harpsichord.
clef,/., key.
clergé, m., clergy.
cligner de Pœil, to wink.
cliquetis, m., clicking, clank-
ing, jingling.
cloche,/, bell.
clocher, m., steeple, clochette,/, little bell.
clos, e, shut, closed.
clou, ;;/., nail.
clouer, to nail.
cocarde,/, cockade.
cocher, m,, coachman.
cœur, m,, heart; manger de bon
cœur, to eat heartily.
coiffer, to cover the head;
coiffé, wearing, having put
on.
coin, m., corner, col, m., collar, stock; neck.
colback, tn,, busby.
colère,/., anger, wrath.
colle forte, /., glue.
collège, m,, high-school.
coller, to glue, paste.
collet, m., collar.
coUine, / , hill.
colombier, m,, pigeon-house.
colonne, / , column.
colporteur,!!^., pedler, huckster.
combattre, to fight, combat, combien, how much, how many;
à combien sommes-nous de
K. , ,? how far are we f rom
comble, m., height, top, perfection, combler, pile up, overwhelm.
comique, comical, humorous.
comme, like, as.
comment, how.
commérage, m., gossip.
commerçant, m., merchant.
commercer, to trade.
commère,/., gossip, crone.
commisération, /., compassion, commission,/, errand.
commode, convenient, comfort-
able.
commun, e, common ; maison
commune, cityhall.
communiquer, to impart, com-
municate.
compagnie, /., company. compagnon, m,, companion.
complainte,/, ditty.
comprendre, pris, pris, to under-
stand.
VOCABULARY
compromettre, mis, mis, to compromise, expose.
compte, m,, account; pour mon compte y as for me; on my own account; tu auras ton compte^ I shall be even with you.
compter, to count.
comptoir, m, y counter, bar.
comte, m., count, earl.
ooncasBer, to pound, squash.
concevoir, cas ça, to imagine, conceive.
concierge, /»., janitor.
condamner, to condemn.
conduire, conduisis, conduit, to lead, conduct.
conduit, m.f conduit, channel.
conduite,/., behavior, conduct.
confiance»/*., trust, confidence.
confier, se, to trust, confide.
confisquer, to confiscate.
confondre, to confound, mix up.
confus, e, confused, vague; ombres confuses^ misty shades.
congé, /»., leave; furlough; discharge.
connaissance, /., knowledge, consciousness, acquaintance ; perdre connaissance^ to s woon.
connaître, nus, nu, to know; se connaître en, to be a judge of.
conquérir, quis, quis, to subdue, conquer.
conquête, /. , conquest.
conscrit, m,^ recruit.
conseil, m., advice ; counsel, council ; conseil de guerre, court-martial ; conseil municipal y town-council.
conseiller, /»., adviser; counsellor.
conserver, to préserve.
consigne, /., orders, instructions (to a sentry).
constater, to testify to, estab-
lish.
consterné, dismayed.
construire, uisis, uit, to build.
contempler, to contemplate.
contrarier, to cross, inconven-
ience.
contre, against.
contrebandier, m,, smuggler.
contredire, dis, dit, to contra-
dict, gaînsay.
contribution, /., tax, contribution, convaincre, vainquis, vaincu; to
convince, to convict.
convenir, vins, venu; to suit,
please.
conventionnel, m,n member of
the National Convention, convive, m,, guest.
convoi, m , convoy; procession, copeau, X, m., chip, shaving.
coq, m., cock, rooster.
coquille,/., shell; hilt.
cor de chasse, m., hunting-horn.
corbeau, x, m., raven.
corde,/., rope, string.
cordon, m,, cord.
cordonnier, m., shoemaker.
cormier, iw,, service-tree.
corne, /. , horn.
cornette,/., mob-cap.
corps, fw., body, corps ; corps à
corps, hand to hand.
corps de garde, m,, guard-room.
côté, m,, side; à côté, beside; de
côté, sidewise.
côte, /. , coast, side ; rib ; côte à
côte, side by side.
cotonneux, se, cottony, downy.
cou, m., neck; throat.
couche, /., layer.
coucher, to lay down; se coucAer,
to go to bed.
coude, m., elbow; turning.
couler, to flow.
VOCABULABT
eonlenr,/., color.
coup, m,, stroke, blow, thrust ; drink ; coup de poings blow with the fist; coup de fusil, gun-shot; coup de pied, kick; mort du coup, dead on the spot; coup d'ail, a look; tout' à-coup^ suddenly ; boire un bon coup, to haye a good drink ; aprh avoir fait un coup pareil, af ter such a trick, or escapade; coup sur coup, in quick succession.
couper, to eut ; couper au court, to take a short eut.
tma,f,, yard, court.
courant, m., current, draught.
courber, to bend, curve.
courir, conrns, ceum, to mn; le bruit court, there is a rumor afloat.
couronner, to crown.
courroie,/., thong, strap.
ocurs, m., course, stream.
conne, /., run, running; pas de course, running step.
court, e, short, briéf.
couteau» z, m., knife.
coûter, to cost.
couture,/., sewîng, seam.
couvent, m., monastery; nunnery.
couYor, to hatch; to harbor. .
couyercle, m., lid, cover.
couYcrt, m., spoon, knife, fork, etc.
couyertnre,/. , covering.blanket
couvreur, m., roofer, slater.
couvrir, vria, vert, to cover.
cracher, to spit, expectorate.
craindre, craignis, craint, tofear.
crainte,/, fear.
cramponner, se, to cHng to, hold fast.
craquement, m.,cracking,creakiog.
craquer, to crack, creak.
crasseux, se, greasy, filthy.
crèche, /., crib, manger, cremailldre, / , pot-hook; rack.
crème, / , cream.
crépi, m., rough cast of mortar.
crépu, e, wooUy.
crépuscule,/, twilight, gloam-
ing.
creuser, to dig; to hollow.
creux, m,, cavity, hole.
creux, se, hollow.
créve-cœur, m,, heart-sore.
crever, to cause to burst; to
burst; to die (of animais);
cela me crève le camr, it breaks
my heart.
cri, m., shout, cry.
cribler, to riddle.
crier, to shout, cry.
crin, m,, horse-hair.
crinière,/, mane* croc, m,, hook.
crochet, m., hook, hasp.
crochu, e, hooked, crooked.
croire, crus, cru, to believe.
croisée,/, easement.
croiser, to cross.
croître, crus, cru, to grow.
croix,/., cross, erocse, /, butt-cnd (gun).
crotté» e, muddy, bedraggled.
croupe, / , crupper, croup, croûte,/, crust.
crojFance, / , belief.
cruche, / , pitcher, jug.
cruchon, m,, jug.
cuiller (pron. cuillère),/, spoon.
cuir, m., leather.
cuire, cuisis, cuit, tocook; bake;
pomme cuite, baked apple.
cuisine,/, kitchen.
cuisinier, m,, cook.
cuisse, / , thigh ; cuisse de pou»
let, leg of chicken.
cuivre, m,, copper.
VOCABULARY
eulbuter, to overthrow, rout.
culotte, y*. , breeches.
culte, m,, worship.
curé, m,t priest, father.
cuve,/., vat, tub.
cuyeau, z, m,, tub, bucket.
cuyette, /., basin.
dalle,/., flagstone.
dame,/., lad y.
dans, in, into.
darder, to hurl.
dayantage, more.
de, of; from; with; de bon ap-
petit, with good appetite;
blanc de poussière^ white
with dust.
de, m., die; thimble.
débâcle, /., breaking up, col-
lapse, disaster.
débander, se, to disband, scatter.
débarquer, to land.
débarraiser, to disencumber,
disentangle, extricate.
débattre, se, to struggle.
débiter, to sell by retail ; to de-
liver, recite, déblayer, to clear away.
débloquer, to rai se the block-
ade of.
déborder, to overflow; to out-
flank.
déboucher, to issue f orth ; to de-
bouch; to uncork.
déboucler, to unbuckle.
débouler, to roll, glide.
debout, upright, standing, erect.
débris, m, pi., ruins, rubbish.
' décès, m,, decease, death; acte
ded/cès, certificate of decease.
dédhaîner, to unchain, loose.
décharge,/., unloading, shoot-
ing.
décharger, to unload; to discharge, décharae^éffleshless/emaciated.
déchiqueter, to eut up; slash.
déchirement, m», rent; pang.
déchirer, to tear; une voix d/chirante, a heartrending voice.
décombres, m. //., ruins, rubbish.
déconcerter, to bewilder.
déconfiture,/., discomfiture.
décorer, to adorn, decorate.
découper, to eut, carve; se découper, to be outlined.
decouyerte, /. , discovery.
découvrir, couvris, couvert, to discover; tête découverte ^ bared head.
décrépit, e., broken down, décrépit.
décréter, to decree.
décrire, crivis, crit, to describe.
décrocher, to unhook.
dédaigneux, se, scornful.
dedans, inside; là dedans, herein, in this; ^» dedans ^ turned, inside.
déesse, /. , goddess.
défaire, fis, fait, to undo, open; cheveux défaits, dishevelled hair.
défaite,/., defeat, rout.
défaut, m,, fault, defect, flaw.
défendre, to défend, forbid.
défenseur, m., defender.
défiance, /., distrust.
défier, te, to distrust.
défilé, m., défile; defiling.
défoncer, to stave in, break.
dégager, to disengage, extricate.
dégât, m., damage, havoc.
dégoûter, to disgust, shock.
degpré. m,, degree.
déguenillé, e, in tatters.
dehors, outside; en dehors de^ besides, leaving aside.
déjà, already.
VOCABULAET.
déjeuner, m., breakfast, luncheon.
déjeuner, to breakfast.
délibérer, to deliberate; qu^on ne délibère pas^ let there be no délibération,
délier, to untie, unfasten.
délivrance, /., release, deliverance.
délivrer, to Hberate, free.
délire, m, y delirium.
demain, to-morrow.
démanger, to itch.
démêler, to extricate.
démener, se, to move about.
demeure,/., dwelling, abode.
demeurer, to dwell, live.
demi, e, jialf ; demi-heure ^ halfhour ; demi-cercle ^ half-circle ; demi-lune, half-moon (fortif.)
démolir, to demolish.
démonter, to unhorse, undo, disjoint.
démoher, take out of the nest; discover, dislodge.
dénoncer, to inform against.
dent,/., tooth.
départ, m,^ departure.
dépasser, to go beyond ; to pase, surpass.
dépêcher, se, to hasten, hurry.
dépeindre, peignis, peint, to describe.
dépendre, to dépend on.
dépérir, to waste away. decay.
déplaire, plus, plu, to displease.
déplier, to unfold.
déployer, to display, unroll, expand.
déplumé, e, unfeathercd, bald.
déposer, to lay down, deposit.
dépouiller, to strip, spoil.
depuis quelques jours, for several days past.
déranger, to disarrange, distu rb.
dernier, ère, last.
dérober, to rob, steal.
dérouler, to unroll, display
déroute,/., rout.
dérouté, e, confused, bewil-
dered ; ils allaient déroutés ^
they marched helter-skelter.
derrière, w., the rear.
derrière, behind.
des (for de les), of the; some.
dès que, as soon as.
descendre, to go down, descend ;
to put up (at a hôtel), descente, /., going or coming
down, descent.
désennuyer se, to dispel one's
tedium, divert one's self, déserteur, m.^ déserter, désespéré, e, hopeless, despair-
^ing.
désespoir, m, y despair, déshabiller, se, to undress.
désintéressement, m.^ disinter-
estedness.
désoler, to lay waste; to dis-
tress.
dessécher, to dry up.
dessiner, to draw; se dessiner y
to be outlined.
dessous, beneath, below; au
dessous y id. ; de dessous terre y
from under ground; avoir le
dessous y to get the worst ; en
dessousy secretly.
dessus, on, upon, over some-
body or something; par des-
susy au dessus dCy id.
destinée,/., fate.
destiner, to intend, design, devote, détaler, to scamper away.
déteindre, teignis, teint, to take
ofï the color; to corne ofï.
dételer, to unharness, unyoke.
détente, /., trigger; serrer la
détentCy to pull the trigger.
VOCABULAKY
rv
déterré, exhumed, disinterred;
une mine de déterré^ a corpse-
like appearance.
détonation,/., report (of fire-
arms).
détour, f«., turning.
détourner, to turn aside, avert.
détraqué, e, deranged, out of
order.
détresse,/*., distress.
détromper, to undeceive.
détruire, truisis, truit, to de-
stroy.
deuil, m., mourning.
deusse, for deux, the drill-ser-
geant's pronunciation.
deux, two.
deuxième, second, devant, before; in front of; sur
le devant^ in front, devanture,/., front (of building).
devenir, vins, venu, to become,
get.
deviner, to guess.
devoir, w.^duty.
devoir, to owe; to be obliged;
should, ought, must; on a dit
réuniry they must hâve col-
lected.
dévorer, to devour.
dévoué, e, devoted.
dévouement, m., dévotion, diable, vi.^ de vil; que diable ^
what the deuce.
diane,/., morning drum.
Dieu, w., God.
difficile, e, difficult ; hard to
please.
digne, worthy.
digue,/., dike, embankment.
dilater, to expand, distend, dimanche, m. , Su nday ; habillé en
dimanche, in Sunday clothes.
diminuer, to diminish.
dîner, m,, dinner.
dîner, to dine.
dire, dis, dit, to say; dis donc^ say ; si le cœur vous en dit, if you feel like; on aurait dit des manteaux^ you would hâve taken them for cloaks.
diriger, to lead, direct.
discuter, to discuss.
disparaître, parus, paru, to vanish, disappear.
dissiper, to scatter, dissipate.
distraction,/. , diversion, amusement.
distraire, distrait, to divert, amuse.
distribuer, to divide, distribute.
diviser, to divide.
dix, ten.
dix-huit, êighteen.
dixième, tenth.
dix-sept, seventeen.
dizaine, / , ten or so.
doigt, ///., finger.
dolman. m.^ shell-jacket.
domestique, m. f,, servant.
domestique, homely, domestic.
dominer, to rule; to overtop.
dommage, m. y harm, damage; quel dommage, what a pity.
donc, consequently, then.
donner, to give; to engage in (battle); donner dans Vceil, to catch the eye; /<r vent donne dessus, the wind blows upon it; la lune donne dessus, the moon shines upon it.
dont, of whom, of which; from whom, from which.
dorer, to gild.
dormeur, se, sleepy.
dormir, to sleep.
dos, m, y back; rear.
doucement, sweetly, quietly.
douceur, /., sweetness, meekness, kindness; il faut aller en douceur, one must not go too far.
VOCABULARY
douleur,/., pain, suffering.
doate, m,f doubt.
doater, to doubt; se douter ^ to
suspect.
doux, ce, sweet, soft.
douaine, /. , dozen.
dense, twelve.
drap, m., cloth.
drapeaa, z., m., flag, colors.
dresser, to erect, raise, to draw
up; se dresser y to arise ; to
stand up; me faisait dresser
les cheveux sur la tête, caused
my hair to stand on end;
dresser la table, to set the
table.
dressoir, m,, sideboard, dresser, drogue,/., drug.
droit, m, y right, law, justice;
e, /., right, straight.
drôle, m., rascal, blackguard.
drôle, funny.
dao, m.t duke, dur, e, hard ; en auraient vu de
duresy would hâve had a
hard time of it. durable, enduring.
durant, during.
durer, to last, endure, durcir, to harden.
duvet, m,t down, wool.
eau, X., /., water; eau de vie^
brandy, éblouir, to dazzle.
ébouriffé, e, disordered.ruffled.
ébranler, to shake; s' ébranler ,
to get into motion, écarlate, scarlet.
écarquiller, to open wîde.
écarter, to put aside; to spread
asunder.
échafaudage, m.^ scaffolding.
échanger, to exchange, éehapper {with or without i'), to
escape.
éeharpe, /. , sash ; bras en écharpe^ arm in a sling; en éeharpe, sideways, slantingly.
échauffer, to beat.
échelle,/, ladder.
échelonner, to draw up in échelons.
échine./, spine, backbone.
échoppe, / , stall.
éclair, m., flash of lightning. '
éclaircir, s', to clear up.
éclairer, to light, illumine, enlighten.
éclaireur, m., scout.
éclat, m., outburst;brightness; splinter; éclat de rire^ peal of laughter; une voix éclatante^ a sonorous voice.
écloppé, e, lame, cripple.
écluse, /., sluice, dam.
école,/, school; école de peloton, platoon-drill.
économie,/, thrift; plural, savings.
économiser, to save.
écorcher, to flay.
écouler, s', to run off, flow away.
écouter, to listen.
écraser, to crush, smash.
écrier, s', to exclaim, cry.
écrire, écrivis, écrit, to wrîte.
écriture,/, writing, scripture.
ècu, m., an old coin; crown, shilling.
écuelle, /, porringer, bowl.
éculé, e, down at the heels.
écume,/, foam, scum.
écureuil, m., squirrel.
écurie,/, horse-stable.
effaré, e, scared, bewildered.
effaroucher, to scare, startle.
effet, m,, effect, resuit.
effets, m, //., effects, goods, traps.
efiLlé, e, thin, sharp.
VOCABULAEY
effrayant, e, frightful.
effirayer, to alarm, frighten.
égal, e, equal; c^est égaî^ ail the
same, no matter.
égalité,/., equality.
égard, m, , regard ; à V égard de^
in regard to; on aura des
égards ^ will be ever so con-
siderate, égarer, s*, to go astray.
égayer, to cheer up.
église,/., church.
egolsmé, m., selfishness, ego-
tism.
égoïste, m., égotist;a^(/., selfish.
élan, m., spring, bound; dash.
élancé, e, slender, lank.
élancer, s', to rush.
élevage, m., breeding. .
élevé, e, high, lofty.
élever, to raise, lift; bring up.
éleveur, m., breeder.
elle, she; her.
elles,/./., they; them.
éloge, m,^ praise.
éloig^ement, m., distance, éloigner, to remove ; s'éloigner^
to move away.
embarras, m., embarrassment.
emboîter, to fit in, insert; emboîter le pas, to lock step in
marching.
embourbé, sunk into the mire.
embranchement , i» . , branc h ,
junction.
embrassade,/., embrace.
embrasser, to embrace.
embuscade,/., ambush.
émerveiller, s», to wonder, to
be amazed.
émigré, fri., emigrant, emmaiUotter, to swathe, wrap
up.
emmener,to lead away,carry ofï.
émouvoir, mus, mu, to move,
afifect.
emparer, ■', to take possession
of, seize, empêchement, m., impediment,
hindrance.
empêcher, to prevent, hinder.
emplir, to fîU.
employer, to use, employ.
empoigner, to seize, grasp.
empoisonner, to poison, enven-
om.
emporter, to carry away; Vent-
porter sur^ to get the better
of.
empressement, m., eagerness,
readiness.
emprunter, to borrow.
en, in.
en, of him, her, it, them; from
him, etc.; some; en voilà un,
hère is one ; en avant ^marche!
forward, march ! en vouloir
à, to hâve a spite against;
vous n'en avez pas voulu^ you
did not want it.
enclume,/, anvil.
encombrement, m., obstruction,
crowding.
encombrer, to obstruct, to block
up.
encore, yet, still ; encore une
fois^ once more ; ce serait en-
core ce qui vaudrait le mieux^
that would be the best after
ail.
encourager, to encourage, endormir, s', to fall asleep.
endroit, m.^ place, endurer, to suffer, stand, enfance, /., childhood, infancy.
enfant, m. y child, infant, enfiuiter, to give birth.
enfer, m,, hell.
enfermer, to shut up.
enfin, finally.
enflammé, e, inflamed, burning.
enfoncement, m., recess.
V0CA3ULARY
enfoncer, to drive, stave in ;
yeux enfoncés^ deep-set eyes.
enfouir, to bury.
enfourcher, to put or put one's
self astride.
enfoir, fais, fui, s', to take to
flight.
enfumer, to fîll with smoke,
smoke up.
engager, s', to get into; to un-
dertake, pledge one's self, engendrer, to cause, originale. engoa£frer, to swallow ûp"; jV»-
gouffrer^ to be engulfed,
swallowed ûp.
engourdir, s', to get benumbed.
engraisser, to fatten. ' enhardir, to embolden; s* enhardir ^ to get bolder.
enjamber, to stride over.
enlever, to take away, carry ofif.
ennemi, m.y enemy.
ennemi, e, hostile.
ennui, m. y dulness, tedium; an-
noyance.
ennuyer, to make dull; to an-
noy.
enorgueillir, to make proud;
s'enorgueillir^ to take pride.
énorme, enormous.
enragé, e, mad, rabid ; manger
de la vache enragée^ to rough
it.
enrichir, to en rie h.
enroué, e, hoarse.
enrouement, /?/., hoarseness.
enseigne,/., sign, sign-board.
enseigner, to teach.
ensemble, w., unity, harmony.
ensemble, together.
enstiite, afterward, then.
ensuivre, suivis, suivi, s', to fol-
low, ensue, resuit.
entamer, to eut the first pièce
of ; to broach, enter into.
entasser, to heap up.
entendre, to . hear ; to understand ; ce qu'il entend par là, what he means by that; s'entendre, to agrée ; s'entendre ensemble^ to be agreed; to play into one another's hand.
enterrement, f»., funeral.
enterrer, to bury.
entêtement, nt.^ stubbornness, obstinacy.
entier,, ère, whole, entire.
entonnoir, m\y funnel.
entortiller, to twist, wind.
entourer, to surround.
entrailles, /. /., bowels.
entraîner, to carry ofï, drag away.
entre, between, among; combien d'entre nous, how many of us.
entrebâillé, e, ajar.
entrée,/., entrance.
entremêler, to mix together, intermingle.
entreprendre, pris, pris, to undertake.
entreprise,/., undertaking, entreprise.
entrer, to enter;
entretenir, tins, tenu, to entertain; s' entretenir y to converse, talk.
entr' ouvert, e, ajar.*
envahir, to invade.
envelopper, to wrap in, envelop.
envie, inclination, envy; avoir envie de, to hâve a mind to.
envier, to envy.
environ, adv., about.
environner, to surround.
environs, m» /., surroundings, environs.
envoler, s*, to fly away.
envoyer, to send.
épais, se, thick.
épaisseur,/., thickness.
VOCABULAEY
épanouir, u\ to open like a bud ;
/a facf épanouie de satisfac-
tiotty his countenance beam-
ing with delight.
épargner, to save, spare.
épate, flattened; nez e'paté^ puëT'
nose.
épaule,/., shoulder.
épaulement, m,^ epaulment.
épauler, to bring to the shoulder (a gun).
épaulette, /., shoulder-strap;
épaule t.
épée, f, , sword.
éperdu, e, distracted.
éperon, m., s pur.
épervier, w., sparrow-hawk.
éphémère, transient,ephemeral.
épi, m. y ear.
épice, /., spice; pain cTépice^
gingerbread.
épier, to watch, to spy.
éponge,/., sponge.
épouser, to marry, espouse.
épouvantable, dreadful.
épouvante, /. , terror, fright.
épouvanter, to frighten.
épreuve, /. , trial.
éprouver, to feel, expérience;
probe, try.
épuisement, m., exhaùstion.
épuiser, to exhaust.
équilibre, /7/.,equipoise, equilib-
rium.
équipage, m.^ équipage, ma-
chinery.
ère,/., era.
errer, to wander, stray. erreur,/., mistake, error.
escabeau, x, w., footstool.
escadron, .m^ squadron.
escalader, to climb up, to scale.
escalier, f»., staircase; escalier
tournant^ winding stairs.
esclandre, m.^ noise, fracas.
esclavage, m., slavery.
escouade,/., squad.
Espagne,/, Spain.
espagnol, e, Spanish; un Espa^ gnoly a Spaniard.
espèce, /. , kind, species.
espérance,/., hope.
espérer, to hope.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, »*., mind, spirit, wit; ayant eu le bon esprit de, having been sensible enough to.
essaimer, to swarm.
essayer, to try, attempt.
essence, /., very nature, essence.
essoufflé, e, blown, out of breath.
essuyer, to wipe.
estafette,/. , express messenger, estafette.
estime, /. , esteem.
estimer, to esteem, estimate.
estomac, m,, stomach.
estropié, e, crippled ; un estropié, a cripple.
et, and.
étable, /., stable.
établi, m, y work-bench.
établir, to establish.
étage, m,j story (of a build-
etain, m,, tin, pewter.
étalage, m., shop-window.
étamer, to tin.
étape, /., stopping-place, station.
état, m, y State, conditions profession ; état major y stan.
été, m. y summer.
éteignoir, w., extinguisher.
éteindre, éteigns, éteint, to put out, extinguish.
étendard, m.^ standard.
étendre, s*, to extend; étendu tout de son long, stretched his whole length.
VOCABULABY
êtinceler, to sparkie, glitter.
étoile,/., star.
étonnement, m,^ astonishment.
étonner, to astonish; s'étonner, to wonder.
étouffer, to smother, suffocate.
étourdir, to stun, benumb.
étoumeaa, m., starling.
étrange, strange.
étranger, m., stranger, foreigner; ère, foreign, strange.
étrangler, to strangle, throttle.
être, ///., a being, créature.
être fu, été, to be, to belong; qu'est ce que c*est? what is it?
étrier, m.^ stirrup.
étroit, e, narrow.
étude, /., study ; faire ses études, to be educated.
étudiant, m., student.
étudier, to study.
étuye, /., stove, sweatinghouse.
eux, m., they, them.
évacuer, to evacuate.
éveiller, to awake.
événement, m., event, occurrence.
éventail, m,, fan.
évêque, m., bishop.
évier, m,, sink.
éviter, to avoid, shun.
exercer, to exercise; to drîll.
exercice, m,, drill, exercise.
exhaler, to breathe out, exhale.
expier, to atone, expiate.
explication, /. , explanation.
expliquer, to explain.
exprès, on purpose.
exprimer, to express.
extase,/., ecstasy, rapture.
exterminer, to exterminate.
flice, /., face, countenance; en face de, opposite.
l&ehsr, se, to get angry; n^étaientpas fâchés de, were not loathe to.
facile, easy.
façon,/., manner, fashion.
facteur, m., letter-carrier.
fEigot, m,, bundle, fagot;
faderland, XV. , Germ, vaterland, fatherland, country.
faihle, weak, faint.
faihlesse, /., weakness ; tomber en faiblesse, to swoon.
faïence, /., earthenware, porcelain.
faim,/., hunger; avoir faim, to be hungry.
fainéant, m,, sluggard, loafer.
faire, fis, fût; faire faction^ to be on sentry-duty; vous /«?riez mieux de, you had better; on ne fit que parler de cela, people talked of nothing else ; cela fait que, the resuit is; il se fait tard, it is getting late; il fait chaud, froid, it is hot, cold; cela ne fait rien, it matters not; mon affaire est faite, I am donc for ; nous étions faits comme des bouchers, we had the appearance of butchers; faire face, to face; faire faire, to cause to be made; faisait-il, said he; se faire vieux, to get well on in years; il faisait de tout, he dabbled in everything; faire part, to impart, communicate ; fasse le ciel, heaven grant; il faisait du soleil, the sun was shining.
fûsanderie, /. , pheasantry,
faisceau, x,-pile, stack.
faiseur, m,, maker.
falloir, il faut, il fallut, il a fallu, to be necessary; il leur faut, they must hâve ; ilfaU
VOCABULARY
lait les entendre^ you ought
to hâve heard them.
falot, m.^ lantern, cresset.
fameux, se ; famous.
fieuniliariser, to accustom, fa-
miliarize.
famille,/*., family.
farce,/*., joke, farce, farceur, wi., joker, jester.
farcir, to stuff , to cram.
farine, /*., flour, meal.
farouche, wild. fatras, m,t medley, farrago.
faubourg, m,^ suburb.
faucher, to mow, eut down.
faute, /*., fault, defect; want;
ce ne sera pas faute de, it will
not be for want of.
fauteuil, m., arm-chair.
fauye, f allow ; . wild.
faux, sse, false.
faveur,/"., ribbon; favor.
favoris, m, /. , whiskers.
fécond, e, fertile, fêlé, e, cracked.
femme,/*., woman, wife.
fendre, to split, cleave; se
fendre^ to lunge.
fenêtre,/*., window.
ibnil, ^//., hay-loft.
fente,/*., fissure, crack, fer, w., iron.
ferme,/*., farm.
ferme, steady» firm.
fermer, to shut.
fermeté, steadiness, fîrmness.
ferraille,/*., old iron; iron.
ferrailleur, m., fighter, bully.
ferrer, to shoe.
festin, m., feast, banquet, fête,/., holiday, birthday, an-
niversary.
feu, w., fire; au feu! fire!
feuille,/., leaf ; feuille de route,
route (of march).
feutre, m,, felt, felt hat.
février, «., February.
ficelle, /. , string, twine.
fiche, /., hook, peg; fiche de
consolation, consolatory sop.
fidèle, faithful.
fier, to entrust; se fier, to trust,
rely; tu peux te fier dessus,
you may rely on it.
fier, ère, proud. Pronounce
fier like its féminine y£^r^, fièvre,/*., fever.
figure,/., face, figurer, se, to imagine, fancy.
fil, m., thread; passer au fil de
la baïonnette, to put to the
bayonet; fil-de-fer, wire.
filandreux, se, stringy, thready.
file,/., file, row; à la file, one
after another; par file à
droite! ri^hV. par file à gauche!
left!
filer, to eut away; to file off; to
spin.
filet, m., net.
fille,/., girl, daughter.
fin,/., end.
fin, e, thin, délicate, subtle.
finesse,/., artifice, cunning.
finir, to finish; cela n*en finit
pas, there is no end of it;
je finis par m* endormir, I fi-
nally fell asleep. fiole, /., phial, vial.
fixe, motionless.
fixer, to fix, fasten, stick, fiacon, m., flagon, flask.
flairer, to scent, smell.
flambeau, x, m,, torch, link.
flamber, to fiame; to blaze.
flamboyer, to blaze.
flanc, m,, flank.
flandrin, m,, lanky fellow.
flaque,/., puddle.
flasque, flabby.
fléau. T., m., flail, scourge.
flèche,/, arrow.
VOCABULARY
fléchir, to bend; to bow; to
move.
fleur,/., flower, bloom; àjleur
de terre ^ on a level with tbe
ground.
fleurir, to bloom.
fleuye, /«., river.
flocon, m., flake.
flot, m., wave, billow.
flotte de boia, /., raft.
flotter, to float.
flûte,/*., flûte, pipe, foi,/., faith.
foin, m., bay.
foire,/., fair.
foie, /. , time ; une fois y once ; à
la fois y at the same time.
folie,/., insanity, foUy.
fonction,/., office, function.
fond, m., bottom, foundation;
de fond en comble^ from top
to bottom; à fond de train ^
at full speed.
fondement, m.^ foundation.
fonder, to establish, found.
fondre, to melt; to cast; to fall
upon; fondre en larmes ^ to
burst into tears.
fonds m. y ground, fund, estate.
fontaine,/., fountain.
fonte,/., melting; cast iron.
force, /., force, strength, violence; à force de y by dint of.
forcené, m.^ madman.
forcer, to force; to compel.
foreitier, «re, of a forest; garde
forestier^ forester.
forêt. /., forest, wood.
forgeron, m., blacksmith.
fort, m. y fort, fortress.
fort, very.
fort, e, strong; fart de V action ^
brunt of the battle.
fortifier, to strengthen, fortify.
forwerts, a fancy way of writ-
ing the German vorwSLrts.
foMe,/., ditch, hole.
foisé, m. y ditch, trench, moat.
fossoyeur, «w., grave-digger.
foa, folle, m. y crazy; un fou y a
madman, a fool.
fondre, /., thunder, thunder-
boit.
fonet, m, y whip.
fonetter, to whip.
fouiller, to fumble.
fouine,/., marten.
foule,/., crowd, multitude, four, m., oven, kiln.
fourche,/., pitchfork, fork.
fourchette,/., fork.
fourgon, m., baggage- wagon, fourmi, /. , ant.
fourmilière,/., ant-hill.
fourmiller, to be full, abound,
swarm.
fourneau, z, m. y oven, stove.
fournée,/., baking, batch.
fourniment, m. y equipment.
fournisseur, i»., contractor, pur*
veyor.
fourrage, m., forage, fourré, m»y thicket, jungle.
fourreau, x, m. y sheath, scab-
bard.
fourrer, to thrust, poke, put;
se fourrer y to thrust one's
self into; to intrude; to line
with fur.
fourrier, m., quartermaster.
fourrure./., fur.
foux, Germ. Fuchs, a brown
horse.
foyer, m. y hearth.
fracas, m. y crash, din.
fracasser, to shatter, break to
pièces, fraîcheur, /., freshness, cool-
ness.
îtKÏBy m, pi. y expense, cost.
frais, fraîche, fresh, cool.
français, e, French.
VOCABULARY
Français, m.,Frenchman; Française /f.^ Frenchwoman.
francliexiient, candidly.
franchir, to cross.
frange,/., fringe.
frapper, to striice, beat.
Prantz Sépel, Francis Joseph.
fraterniser, to fraternize.
frayeur,/., fright.
fredonner, to hum.
frelon, m., hornet.
frémir, to shudder, thrîll.
frémissement, m,^ fiuttering, rustling.
frère, w., brother.
friable, crisp, friable,
frileux, se, chilly.
frimaire, 3d month of the republican year, Nov. 21-Dec. 20.
friser, to curl, crisp.
frisson, ///., shiver, chill.
frissonner, to shiver.
friture,/., fry.
Fritzel, dim. of Fritz, Freddy.
froid, m,, cold.
fromage, f»., cheese.
froncé, e., knit, wrinkled.
froncer, to wrinkle, knit.
front, w., forehead, front.
fruitier, m,, fruit-loft.
fruitière,/., fruiteress.
Fnohscommerce, some convivial ceremony among German students.
fuite,/., flight.
fumée,/., smoke.
fruner, to smoke.
frimier, m,^ manure.
funèbre, funereal ; convoi funèâre, funeral procession.
frineste, baneful.
fureur,/., fury, rage.
fririeuz, se, furious, enraged.
frirtif, ve, stealthy.
frisil, w., rifle, gun; fusil armé^ gun at cock.
fusilier, 1»., fusileer.
fusiller, to shoot, futaille,/., cask, barrel.
gagner, to gain, to win; gagner
sa vie, to make a living.
gai, e, merry, cheerfully.
gaillard, m., jolly or deter-
mined fellow.
galette,/, cake, galon, f//., lace; stripe.
galonné, e, laced, striped.
gamelle, /., common tureen of
soldiers.
gant, m., glove.
garçon, m,, boy; waiter.
garde, /., attention; guard;
prendre garde, to look out, be
careful.
garde champêtre, m,, rural
guard.
garde-manger, m., larder, garder, to watch; to keep. gardienne,/, guardian.
garer, to turn off, shunt; gare f
look out ! beware.
garnir, to trim, line; to fit up,
provide, garnisaire, m., bailiff's man.
garnison,/., garrison.
gâteau, X, m., cake, gâter, to spoil; to damage, gauche, left; à gauche, to the
left.
gazon, m,, grass, turf, lawn.
geai, m,, jay, jackdaw.
géant, m,^ giant.
gelée,/, frost.
geler, to freeze.
gémir, to groan, moan.
gémissement, m,, moaning,
groaning.
gendarme, m,, mounted police-
man, gendarme, gendarmerie, /, constabulary ;
barracks of gendarmes.
VOCABULARY
gendre, m., son-in-Iaw.
gêne, /., constraint; discom-
fort. gêner, to inconvemence, incommode; ne vous gênez pas ^ don't
stand on ceremony.
généreux, se, noble, gênerons, génie, m,, genius; engineering
department.
Oénois, m,f Genoese.
genou, X, fw., knee ; genou terre
{genou en terre) y knee to the
ground !
genre, m, y kind, species.
gens, m.f»pl.y people.
géomètre, w., surveyor, geo-
metrician.
gerbe,/., sheaf.
Gesoundheit, for the German
Gesundheit, health; here's
to you !
gesticuler, to gesticulate.
gibecière,/., game-pouch.
giberne,/.,» cartridge-pouch.
gibier, w., game, venison.
girouette, /., vane, weather-
cock.
givre, m. y rime, white frost.
glace,/., ice; looking-glass.
glacer, to chill, freeze.
glacis, m, y sloping bank, glacis, glaçon, m, y icicle.
glaise; terre glaise y clay, loam.
glaiye, m, y sword.
gland, m, y acorn; tassel.
glèbe, /., clod, soil.
gleiszeller, m. y a kind of wine.
glissade,/., slide.
glissant, e, slîppery.
glisser, to slip, glide. globe, m. y bail, globe; shade;
globe de Vœily eyeball.
gloire,/., famé, glory; se faire
gloire dey to be proud of.
glorieux, se, glorious.
gobelet; m,^ cup, goblett
goberger, se, to take one's ease,
coddle one's self.
goguenard, e, chaffîng.
gond, m, y hinge.
gonfler, to swell, inflate.
gorge,/., throat.
goulot, /;{.,neck (bottle), mou th.
gourde,/., flask, bottle.
gousset, m. y pocket.
goût, m, y taste; de mon goût y to
my taste.
goûter, to taste.
goutte,/., drop; drink.
gouyerner, to govern, graben, Germ.y ditch.
grâce,/., mercy, favor; grace-
fulness; à la grâce de Dieu y
to the grâce of God, that is.
happen what may.
grade, m, y degree.
graisser, to grease.
graisseux, se, greasy.
grand, e, great, large, grand'mère, /. , grandmother.
grand 'rou te, /., highway.
grandir, to increase, grow.
grange, /., barn.
grappe,/, bunch, cluster.
gras, se, fat. grassement, on the fat of the
land.
gratter, to scratch, scrape.
graver, to engrave.
Grec, m. y Greek.
Grédel, Margaret, Peggy.
grêle, / , bail, grêle, thin.
grêlé, e, pockmarked.
grelot, m, y rattle, little bell.
grelottement de la mitraille, m, ,
rattle of grape-shot.
grelotter, to shiver (with cold).
grenadier, m, y grenadier, grenier, m. y granary, loft.
grenouille,/., frog.
I griffe, /., claw, talon,
VOCABULARY
gril, f»., gfridiron.
grillé, e, grated.
grillade, /., grilled or broiled
méat, grimper, to climb.
grincer, to gnash, grind.
gris, e, gray; tipsy.
grisâtre, grayish.
grisonner, to turn gray.
grive,/., thrush.
gronder, to roar; to scold; to
growl.
gros, se, thick, stout.
grossir, tomake bigger, larger;
to grow thicker, larger.
grouiller, to stir, move; to
swarm.
gué, nt.^ ford.
guenille,/., rag.
guérir, to cure, guérite,/., sentry-box.
gnerre^/., war, warfare.
guerrier, m,, waLtrior; guerrière,
warlike.
guêtre,/., legging. gaiter.
gueuz, m.f loafer, ragamuffin.
guévoir, m,f horse-pond.
guirlande,/., wreath, garland.
guise,/, wise,manner; en guise
de y instead of ; by way of.
habile, skilful, clever.
habillement, m., clothing, gar-
ments.
habiller, to clothe, dress.
habit, m,, garment, coat.
habitant, m., inhabitant, habitude, /., custom, habit;
(T habitude, usually.
habituer, to accustom, inure.
hache,/, hatchet, axe.
hacher, to chop, eut to pièces, hachette,/., hatchet, hacking-
knife.
haie, /., hedge; haie vive,
quickset hedge.
haine,/., hâte, hatred.
haïr, to hâte.
haleine,/, breath.
haler, to burn; to tan.
halle, /., market; halle aux blés, grain-market.
hallebarde,/, halberd.
halte! hait! stop!
hampe, / , stafif (of flag).
hangar, m., shed, cart-house.
hanche,/, bip, haunch.
Hans, John.
Hans Âden, John Adam.
Hanswurst, Jack Sausage, a burlesque personage.
happer, to snap, catch.
harangue,/, speech, oration.
harassé, e, jaded, harassed.
hardi, e, bold, daring; hardi ^ mes enfants ! go it, boys!
hardiment, boldly.
hareng, m., herring.
hasard, m., chance, casualty; au hasard, at random.
hâte, /, haste; à la hâte, in haste.
Hauptmann, m., Germ,, captain.
hausser, to raîse, shrug.
haut, e, high; de haut en bas, downward; au haut des marches, at the top of the steps; du haut de leurs char' rettes, from the top of their CdiTis; parler haut, to speak loud.
hautain, e, haughty.
hauteur, /., height; haughtiness; à la hauteur de, at the level of.
Hébreu, m,, Hebrew.
heimathsloss, Germ., countryless.
he;inir, to neigh.
hennissement, m., neighing.
herbe,/, grass, herb.
VOCABULARY
hérissé, e, bristling.
hériter, to inherit.
héroïque, heroic.
héros, fn,^ hero.
Hessois, m., Hessian.
hêtre, w., beech-tree.
heure, /., hour; à la bonne
heure! that's right!
heureusement, fortunately, hap-
pily.
heureux, le, happy, lucky.
hibou, z, ;»., owl.
hier, yesterday; hier soir^
yesterday night.
Hinterthor, Germ,, back-gate.
histoire,/., story, history.
hiver, w., winter.
hocher, to toss, shake.
homme, ^., man.
honnête, honest, polite.
honnêteté, /., honesty, polite-
ness.
honneur, m,y honor.
honte, y., shame.
honteux, se, shameful.
horloge,/., turret-clock.
horloger, m., watchmaker.
horlogerie,/., clock-and watch-
making.
horreur, / , horror.
hors de, out of , outside of.
hôtel, m. y hôtel, inn; hôtel de
ville, city hall.
hôtelier, m, y hôtel-, inn-keeper. hotte,/., basket carried on the
back.
houblon, m. y hops.
houlan, m., lancer, houppe, / , tuf t.
houppelande, /. , overcoat.
housse,/., horse-cloth.
houx, m. y holly.
houzard, m,, hussar.
hoyau, x, w., mattock.
huilier, m., cru et.
huit, eigbt.
humain, e, human.
humer, to sip.
humeur,/., disposition, temper, humor.
hurlement, m,, yelling, bowling.
hurler, to howl, yell.
hypothèque, /., mortgage.
ici, hère.
ignorer, to be ignorant of ; ignoréy e, unknown.
il, he, it.
île,/., island.
illustre, illustrious.
ils, m. y plu. y they.
immanquable, certain, unfailing.
immobile, motionless, unmoved.
immoler, to sacrifice, slay.
impératriee, /. , empress.
importer, to be of moment; à n'importe quel prix , at whatsoever price.
incendie, m., fire, conflagration.
incliner, to bend, bow.
inconoeyable, inconceiyable.
inconnu, e, unknown.
incorporer, to incorporate.
incroyable, incredible.
indécis, e, vague, faint.
indélicatesse, unscrupulousness.
indemniser, to indemnify.
indigne, unworthy.
indigner, s', to become angry, indignant.
inexprimable, unutterable, inexpressible.
infâme, shameful, infamous.
infirmier, m.^ hospital attendant.
infortune,/., misfortune.
ingrat, e, thankless, ungratefui.
VOCABULARY
iniqnité, y. , iniquity.
innombrable, numberless.
inonder, to overflow, inun-
date, inquiéter, to disquiet ; s'in-
quiéter^ to be anxious.
inquiétade, /., uneasiness, anx-
iety.
insorire, Bcrivis, icrit, to re-
gister, inscribe.
insenaible, unconscious; heart-
less.
insensiblement, imperceptibly,
gradually.
insouciance,/., carelessness.
insouciant, e, careless, thought-
less.
installer, to establish, seat.
instruire, struisis, struit, to
teach; un homme instruit y a
scholar.
intéresser, to interest ; s'intéresser ày to take an interest
in.
Intérêt, m., interest.
intérienr, /»., inside, interior.
intérieur, e, interior.
interrompre, to interrupt.
inutile, useiess.
invoquer, to call, invoke.
irriter, to anger, irritate.
ivraie,/., weeds.
ivre, drunk, tipsy.
ivrogne, m., drunkard.
jacasser, to chatter.
jactance,/., boasting.
jadis, of yore, formerly.
jaillir, to spring, burst ont.
jamais, never ; ne, , , plus jamais,
never again.
jambe./., leg.
jambon, ;;/., ham.
janvier, w., January.
jardin, m,j garden.
jarret, ///., ham, bock; leg.
jaune, yellow.
jaunâtre, yellowish.
Jean, John.
Jeanne, Joan.
Jérémie, Jeremiah.
jeter, to throw, cast, àash; jeter un criy to utter a cry.
jeu, m, y play, game.
jeudi, w.j.Thursday.
jeune, young, youthful.
jeûne, m., fast, abstinence, jeûner, to fast.
jeunesse,/., youth.
Johann, John, joie,/., joy. delight. joindre, joignis, joint, to join,
to fold ; à mains jointes y with
folded hands.
joli, e, pretty, handsome.
jonc, m, y rush, bulrush.
joue,/., cheek.
joue . . . feu ! présent . . . fire !
jouer, to play, to gamble.
joufflu, e, chubby.
joug, m, y yoke.
jouir, to enjoy.
jouissance, /., enjoyment, de- . light.
jour, m. y day; le grand Jour y
fuU daylight; le petit jour y
the dawn.
journée,/., day, day*s work.
joyeux, se, gay, merry.
juge, m» y judge.
juger, to judge.
jugulaire, /., the strap of the
shako or helmet.
juif, ve, Jewish; un Juif y a
Jew.
juillet, m, y July.
juin, m., June.
jument, ///., mare, jupe,/., skirt, petticoat.
jupon, m. y petticoat.
jurement, m., swearing, oat^,
VOCABULARY
jurer, to swear, to curse.
jnriseoiunilte, m,^ jurist, lawyer.
jusque, up to, until; jusqu'à ce que, until.
juste, just, legitimate; au juste^ exactly.
justement, just, precisely, exactly.
justesse,/*., good sensé, truth.
Xaiserliok, for the German Kaiserlich ; Impérial, that is, Austrian.
Kirschwasser, Gertn,, sherrybrandy.
Xnoepfel, Germ., dough-ball.
Xohlgartentlior, Germ», cabbage-garden gâte.
Xougelreiter, for the German Kugelreiter, horse-pistol.
Kreutzer, m, , a small coin.
XILchlen, //. for the German Ktlchlein, cakes.
1»,/., the.
là, there; c'est là, that is.
labour, m,, tijlage; terre de labour, plough-land.
laoet, m,, spring, snare.
lâche, m,, coward.
lâche, cowardly, mean.
lâcher, to relax, loose, release; lâcher un coup de fusil, to discharge a gun.
lâcheté, /., cowardice, cowardly act.
laine,/., wool, worsted.
i^neuz^ se, woolly, fieecy.
jaisçer, to leave, let; je me suis laissé dire, I hâve been told.
lait, m,, milk; lait caillé, sour milk.
lambeau, aç, m,, rag, shred.
lame,/., blade.
lamentable, plaintive^
lancer, to dart, to fling; lancé
à fonde train, going at fuU
speed.
lancier, m,, lancer, langue, /. , tongue, language.
languir, to languish, to pine.
laper, to lick up, lap.
lapin, m., rabbit.
laquais, m,, lackey.
lard, m,, bacon, large, broad, wide. largeur,/., breadth, width.
larme, /., tear; verser des
larmes, fondre en larmes, to
shed tears.
las, le, weary, tired.
latte./., lathe; sword.
laver, to wash.
le, m., the, him.
lécher, to lick.
leçon,/., lesson.
lecture,/., reading.
les, m, /., the; pi., them.
léger, ère, light, nimble.
légume, m., vegetable.
Lehnel, Lena, Madeleine, lendemain, f»., the followingday.
lent, e, slow.
lenteur,/., slowness, delay, lequel, who, which, whom.
lessive, /., washing.
leste, nimble, quick.
leur, to them, them.
leur, their.
levée,/., levy, raising; levée en
masse, a call to arms, ad-
dressed to ail able-bodied
men.
lever, to raise. lift; lever le pied,
slang: to eut one's stick;
live la nappe, take away the
cloth.
lever, se, to rise, lèvre,/, lip, lévrier, w., greyhound, levure,/., yeast, leaven,
VOCABULARY
liard, m,, coin, the fourth part of a ** sou," or halfpenny; farthing.
liberté,/., freedom, liberty.
libre, free.
lied, Germ., song.
lien, m., tie, chain.
liei', to tie, to bind.
lien, m.f place, spot.
lieue, y., league.
lièvre, m,, hare.
Ugne,/., line.
liage, m., linen.
lire, lus, la, to read.
Lisbeth, Lizzie, Bessie.
lisière,/*., edge, skirt.
lisser, to smooth.
lit, m,, bed.
litière,/., litter.
