la porte où je donnais. The adverb où must often be

fendered by a relative pronoun with the prépositions « at,* ' on,* 'in.' Thus : le temps où, 'the time at which;' la ville où, *the town in wbich.' Où is also used with the prépositions par and de; thus, la ville d'où je sors, la porte par où il est sorti. For je donnais, one might say, more exactly, je frappais.

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11. Fox, Beppel. Fox = German Fuchs (chestnut horse), Reppel = Rappel, the South-German diminutive of Rappe (black horse). Such disfigurements of German words and names are common throu^hout this book. The French would like to believe that Alsace was always French. See note on Alsace, p. 14, 1.21.

14. ne me répondaient pas seulement. Render the adverbs by «not even.'

25. en claquant du fouet. Do not render the préposition de contained in du. This instrumental use of de in the sensé of * with ■ is common in French, e.g. battre des mains, jouer du marteau, jouer du piano, du violon, etc., ' to clap the hands,' * ply the hammer,' * play the piano, violin,' etc.

28. courant comme un bienheureux. Bienheureux, written in one word, is much stronger than bien heureux; as a noun, it is used of the saints in bliss. Eender hère by • as happy as happy can be.'

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S. vaine pâture. Terre vaine means ' uncultivated ground,' vain coming from Latin vanus, ' empty,' ' unproductive.' We call uncultivated and unappropriated land a ' Common.' Render by ' common pasturage.'