patentes, letters patent of nobility

4. révolte du Portugal. Portugal was conquered by Spain in 1580, but recovered its independence in 1640.

Page 180» — I. ecus, crowns. A silver coin worth six francs. So called {ecu, shield) from its having on one side the three lilies, as on the heraldic shield.

Page 181. — I. à grandes journées, by forced marches.

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