Raymond: cf. note p

,, 21. Cid : the Cid, or the Chief, the hero of Spanish romance, was a Castillan, bprn at Burgos about 1040. Ruy Diaz de Bivar, as his real name was, supported Sancho, King of Castile, against the King of Aragon. Afterwards quarrelling with Sancho's successor, Alphonso, he did great exploits as an independent chief, notably the capture of Valencia. At the time the fîrst crusade was setting out, Spain was ringing with the prowess of this 'miracle of God.' His sword was named 'Colada. ' He died 1099; see Southey's Chnmicle of the Cid. Corneille's masterpiece, Le Cid, is based on the Spanish romance.

,, 22. Alphonse le Grand: this was the title of Alphonso ITI., King of Asturias 866-910 ; but Michaud hère refers to Alphonso VI., the \'aliant, 1066-1 109, in whcse reign the Moslem dynasty of Toledo was expelled, and by whom the Moors would hâve been entirely driven out of Spain had it not been for their allies, the Almoravides.

, , 30. faire plier, ' to make bend ' = subdue.

,, toutes les volontés, ' the will of ail. '

31. 6. le Frioul : Friuli, or Venetia, in the north of Italy, north-west

of Lombardy.