II. Buyuk-Déré, or ihe great Déré, Boyukdere. Hère bcgin

the fortifications guarding the outlet of the strait of the liosphorus to the Black Sea, now connected by bridges with the Golden Horn harbour.

., 16. Chalcédoine (Kadi-Kioi), on the opposite coastto Byzantium. The Crusaders arrived hère April 1097.

,, 18. Nicée : cf. p. 10, 1. 10; p. 20, 1. 19. Nicaca was situated at tlie e.xtreme east of the Askanian lake, at the foot of a wellwooded hill of semicircular shape. It was besieged by the Crusaders, June 1097.

,, 22. remparts : thèse ram parts of the old city were nearly four miles in circumference.