superstitieux: see Introduction

,, 14. ne se met en devoir de, say ' considers it his duty.'

,, 22. Covel : a Lombard, named Pa3'en, had previously climbed to the tow er to receive the final orders from Phirous.

, , , , l'historien de Tancrède : Radulf of Caen wrote, between II 12 and II 18, Gesta Tancredi Siciliae régis in expeditione Hierosolymita?ia ab ipso belli sacri exordio ad 1108. He was with Tancred on the crusade.

,, 30. ceux qui touchaient au sommet : the verb /owt/^tvmeans, of course, ' to touch ' (c. g. // l' a touché du pied, ' he touched it with his foot '), but it is used in a great many expressions where in English another verb is used ; e. g. — toucher de l'argettf, ' to receive money. ' il touche du piano, ' he can play the piano. ' il touche à sa guéri son, ' he is getting better. ' A t' le touche pas means ' do not touch it ' ; n'y touche pas nieans more, i.e. 'do not take an}' of it. ' In toucher à sa Jin, toucher au sommet, it means ' to get near.'

54. 14. quatre collines : on tlie south side there were four hills ;

the Crusaders entered from the north-west. ,, 31. la plupart des : cf. note to p. 49, 1. 12, and text, p. 5, 1. ig ; also p. 27, 1. 10, and p. 3g, 1. 14.

55. 3. plusieui'S d'entre eux : the préposition ^///';-<?occurstogether

with de beforc numerals, pronouns, and expressions of

quantity ; e.g. — pas ?/« d'entre cent, ' not onc in a hundred." est-il quelqu'u7i d'entre eux qu'avec plaisir fécoîtte? quel est celui d'entre vous qui pourrait dire le contraire f

Notes 129

Page UNE

66. 9. le chef suprême : the Seljukian Turks, for whose origin and previous hisiory cf. notes p. 4, 11. 2, 4, 16, were now under thc rule of Berkjarok, who succecded Malck-Schah 1092, and reigned till 1104.

,, 11-13. le Korazan . . l'Arabie: the empire of Berkjarok now includcd roughly ail ihc country within the coast-line of Asia Minor on the west and thc boundarics of Afghanistan and Baluchistan on the east, descending as far south as the boundary of Arabia. Korazan, see note p. 4, 1. 2.

,, II. Médie, the country west of Korassan and east of Ass}Tia.

, , , , Babylonie, country south-east of Syria.

,, 12. Damas: i.e. Damascus, in the west centre of Syria.

,, 15. plein de mépris pour —

avoir, concevoir, témoigner du mépris pour, 'contempt.'

avoir confiance en quelqu un.

mettre sa confiance dans {les richesses).

,, 17. Circassien, or ' native of the Caucasus* ; a Saracen hero in Tasso's Jérusalem Delivercd is II Circasso Argante.

,, ,, le Tasse: Torquato Tasso (Fr. le Tasse), 1544-90, the finest epic poet of Italy, author of Gerusalemme liberata. There are only a few proper nanies of persons which hâve an article in French when standing alone (i.e. without an adjective) ; the principal ones are thèse : — le Tasse, l'Arioste, le Dante (three Italian poets), le Titien, le Corrège (two Italian painters), and le Poussin (a French painter), also le Camoéns (a Portuguese poet). In names like Le Sage, La Fontaine, le and la are part and parcel of the name.

,, 20. d'Alep, i.e. Aleppo. soulh-east of the principality of Antioch and west of Mosul.

,, 26. du haut de . ., ' froni . . down ' ; au haut de . ., 'on . . above. '

,, 29. Roger de Barneville followed in the suite of Robert of Normandy. Vox this nianner of combat, which was very common from the earliest days, cf p. 37. Barneville, on the west coast of La Manche Dept.

57. ■21. au port Saint- Siméon : possibly so called to commemorate the name of Simeon Stylitcs, a native of Antioch.

,, 25. mettre à la voile, ' to set sail ' ; cf. faire voile pour, ' lo sail for. •

., 28. en vinrent ensuite —

en venir à quelque chose, ' to prcceed lo . .' en venir aux mains, ' to corne to blows. "

Page LiNE

58. 10. furent confondus dans, saj- ' suffered without distinction

the same misery ' ; confondre, lit. ' to fuse together, ' ' to blend,' ' to confound. '

,, 17. d'un jour : de to dénote différence of measure by one day.

calife de Bagdad : cf. note p. 5, 1. i. The présent caliph was El Mustasher Billah, 1095-1118. Bagdad fell in 1258.