pierriers et mangonneaux : both engincs of médiéval

warfare. The former was used for ejecting heavy projectiles, and the latter for throwing light stones. The pierrier is now a sort of swivel-cannon. ,, 21. à l'orient : no mention is made by Michaud of an attacking force on the cast, merely un camp de sufceillance sur k mont des Olives : cf. pp. 73, 74.

81. 6. le feu grégeois (' Greek fire') : a fire discovcrcd in a.d. 668

by the (ireok Kallinikos of Heliopolis, first used in the siège of Constantinople by Arabians and Persiaiis in 717. It consisted of pitch, saUpetre, and sulphur. Grégeois was at one lime the l'"rcnch word for Greek, which is now grec.

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82. 4. armée égyptienne : sent by the Fatimite Caliph living at

Cairo.

,, II. pots à feu : tin pot à feu is, in English, ' a cresset,' or, as a mil. terni, 'a fire-pot. ' The Academy give the following explanation : ' Un pot de fer rempli d'artifices, et dont on se sert dans les sièges. '

,, 14. s'attachaient . ., say ' directed their attacks particularly on . .'

,, 23. l'émir : see note p. 75, 1. 8.

,, 31. pressaient leurs rangs, ' stood in semed ranks. '

83. 8. Ascalon, on the south-east edge of the shores of the Mediter-

ranean, one of the five strong cities of the Philistines ; see later, c. .xiv.

84. 10. saint George : this legendarj' saint finds honour more

especially in England, Russia, and Genoa. He was said to be a prince of Cappadocia, who suffered martjTdom under Diocletian at Lydda, a.d. 303. In memorj' of his life as a Christian Perseus, he is represented on horseback, armed wiih a lance, and piercing a dragon.