PHRASES AND IDIOMS
Page
1 to take possession of . .
2 some of the principal spots thousands of Christians
to go to . . (to betake oneself
to . .) the learned Bishop Eusebius to make a speech ail countries of Europe (use
contrée) the banks of Jordan
3 to besiege a town
he dared to undertake nothing they had to suffer a great deal they were driven from their
houses the tribute was raised [active) they had to pay it they were forbidden to carry
arnis soon othercalamities threatened
them the victorious tribes they were soon replaced (use
tarda)
4 to give battle
they proceeded to the élection
of a king the name of a tribe Togrul-Del, whose ambition
equallcd his bravery the banks of the Tigris ( — of the
Thanies) they divided the spoils the new niaster of Persia
he took possession of (rejl. v. )
Syria Palestine fell into the hands of
the Turks
5 a black flag was hoisted
they spared neither the Christians nor the Mahometans those who hated them after running a thousand risks the gâtes of the town were not
opened ( ri'Jl. ) most were poor the greater number were perish-
ing afurious crowd interrupted them the crowd were trampling upon them
6 they redoubled their violence the day on which he was
born the day on which he died the day on which he rose from
the grave the pilgrims who returned to
Europe they used to give an account of
what they had seen and
suffered ail agrée in saying this in ail
stations of life
7 he was disgusted with the
world and with nien he had the fervour of an apostle, the courage of a martyr
Phrases and Idioms
nothing resisted the force of his
éloquence or ihe weight of
his exaniple he gave the signal for thc
Cnisades at the sight of Jérusalem he was more moved than ail
the othcr pilgrims he went to ( rtjl. ) the patriarch
8 to put a stop to . .
Asia is in the hands of thc Turks
no power on earth can help us
to soften the hearts of ])rinces
he will send them to their succour
he niade up his mind to . .
after this inter\-ie\v
his enthusiasni was no longer limiled
he thought he heard the voice of God
it is tinie thatmy servants should be succoured
he disembarked on the Italian coast
he threw himself at the feet of the Pope
9 he travelled ail over France the greater part of Europe he was riding on a mule with a crucifix in his hand with his head uncovered went from town to town
to shed blood in torrents he took them as witnesses for the truth of his accounts
10 people considercd themselvcs
lucky to touch his clothes in order to take a décisive part
in the war from those days long gonc by the new council assembled at
Clermont in Auvergne to give one"s attention to . .
they held their tenth meeting
11 foUowed by his cardinaJs, he
ascended the throne to erect a throne
he spoke first
to put thc horses to . .
beasts of burden
his voice was stifled by sobs
he expressed himself in thèse
ter m s you hâve just heard thc cnvoy
of the Oriental Christians to be constraincd to do a thing at what time docs the sun rise ?
12 to be carried away by enthusi-
asm this unanimous cry was repeated
again and again he will be in the niidst of them he inspires )'ou with the words
I heard just now several bishops followed his
example he excused himself for not
having been able to attend
at ihe council
13 his most trusted warriors they forgot their own quarrels they swore they would fight
together against the enemies of the Christian faith a cross of red cloth or silk from that time they took the
name of Criisaders to wage war against on Assumption Day of the next
year the préparations for the journey
to the Holy Land ail other work was suspended to enjoy perfect pcace as soon as spring appoared nothing could contain the impatience of the Crusaders they started on their march they went {refl.) to the places \\ hère they were to assemble to go along the coast
14 a strange and confused medley ail sorts and conditions of men the noise of the bugles and
trumpets
the chanting of psalms and hymns
15 they chose him for their chief he has not answered his brother I answer (vouch) for him
he yielded to their entreaties with a cowl on his head with sandals on his feet the banks of the Meuse a free pass through Hungary marching along the Danube
16 the trumpet sounds
to take refuge on a hill a hill sheltered on one side by woods and rocks, on theother by the Danube more than 4000 of the inhabitants they lacked true courage after a troublesome march they lacked provisions
17 they had just started again on
their march war broke out they set fîre to seven niills at the sight of the fire they fell upon the rear they carried off two thousand
chariots to retrace one' s steps the baggage of an army
18 he turned a dcaf ear to their
entreaties on their rcturn to the camp to try new means they approach the ram parts and
try to scale them they were repulsed by the
Bulgarians his voice was lost in the noise
of arms the fatal conséquences of . .
19 those who had escapcd the
slaughter those who had gone astray on
their flight nonc of them thought of rc-
turning home
the day after their defeat
a few days after
the army was without means of
subsistence and of fighting they had to fear ail the horrors
of famine he cried with joy
20 to respect the lawsofhospitality thirst for plunder
in order to free the capital from
thèse destructive guests . .
he supplied them with ships he had them transported to the
other side of the Bosphorus they were astonished that . .
under the leadership of . .
they marched straight towards
the castle a castle built some leagues from
Civitot they soon (use tarder) found
themselves surrounded by
enemies to renounce his faith in Christ they advanced in the direction
of Nicaea to foUow the wooded mountain-
side
21 to draw up one's army in battle
array without suspecting that the
enemy was so near them they had not been able to rally
their battalions.
they were overwhelmed by
numbers never did soldierç fîght more
valiantly none of them looked behind with the exception of three
thousand the whole army disappeared in
a day.
the road to the Holy Land
22 to play a part
from his earliest childhood he had distinguished himself when the war broke out
Phrases and Idioms
to side with a party
23 lie vowcd ihat he woukl go to
Jérusalem lie coinbined bravery wilh
siiiiplicily exlraordiiiary bodily strength they used lo follow his advice
24 they held then the rank of
simple knights without tryiiig to avenge their
cause France levied ( imparfait) other
armies
25 he lacked persévérance
the eldest son of William the
Conqueror he missed the opportunity of . .
lie was short of nioney
26 he liad the silver of the churches
nielted he was the son of Robert he had usurped the principality
of Flanders from his owii
nephews during the civil wars the pcople were excited by
accounts of a great number
of pilgrims he passed for the richest lord
of his day
27 in theeyes of his contemporaries the |)lan of enibarking for Greece he commended their zeal
he offered up prayers for the success of their enterprise
he went ( re/l. ) to Rome
winter was commencing to iiiake navigation dangerous
they were conip>elled to await tho right moment for enibarking
28 he resolved first to throw in his
lot with their fortune he had neithcr less courage nor
less talent than his fatlier they never fail to sjx-ak of it lie surpassed men of ordinary
stature by an arm's length
his cyes were blue
his father had taught him to look upon ail whose riches he coveted as his enemies
29 he had declared war against
his brother he used to smile at the idea
of he was full of confidence in his
good fortune before arriving at Jérusalem this little principality could not
supply hini with an army in the nanie of religion to le\y troops in ail States none of theni was more deserv-
ing the attention of pos-
terity than the brave Tancred
30 the Southern provinces of France his position of apostolical legate the banks of the Rhône and
Dordogne to curb everybody's will under his
31 he placed himself at the head
of an arniy of 100,000
Crusaders he was repenting of having
revealed to tlieni the secret
of his weakness his misgivings were becoming
keener as the Crusaders ad-
vanced towards his capital as soon as he was informed of
the niarch
32 to shelter one against . .
this policy only aroused distrust wlien he heard of the captivity
of the count he sent to ask the eniperor for
réparation of this outrage the fertile districts of 'Ihrace
becanie the scène of the war he promised to set him free lie slop|x.-d tlie war he treated the Gretks as friends
33 they were twice called upon to
take up amis
the réception he had received
at the court verily there is nowadays no
such man under the sun he refused them first out of a
sort of bashfulness in the end he accepted them
with joy he went as far as to ask for
the title of gênerai it was the road to the throne without having swornallegiance
to the Emperor the saddest thing of ail was
that . .
34 they would hâve rather waged
war against the Greeks on account of the booty the wisest among the chiefs they were not losing sight of
the crusade
35 ail sorts of ammunition
in order to coma to the succour
of the besieged they rushed into the valley he tried to excite their courage
by his example
36 they attacked each other with
equal fury the concussion of breastplates
and lances which clashed
upon onc another in the
mêlée the horses recoiled ( iynp. ) at
the clash of arms the %\hizzing of the arrows they used to prétend to take
to flight to return to the charge from morning till night the victory cost two thousand
Christians their lives the plain in which they had
fought they pushed vigorously on with
the siège
37 the idle crowd was présent
as though he had wished to
show that he had nothing to fear they fell under his blows without being able to défend themseh'es to send off an arrow to be wounded in the heart to make up for one's losses not until after seven weeks did the Crusaders notice it
38 to put the horses to . .
at daybreak
they became discouraged it shook in its foundation in the midst of the darkness of
night to wake up with a start two children of tender âge he fell into the hands of the
Christians
39 to seize an opportunity
his proposais were listened to they were forbidden to enter
the town more than ten at the time a town which they had con-
quered at the price of their
blood to render one a service the slightest pretext a year had passed by
40 it is only six hours' march
from north to south we must not be astonished
that . .
the army took two days to do
this short journey across they thought fit to divide into
two sections
41 this valley runs out into the
plain of Dorylaeum it is situated at four hours'
walk to the north -west of
this town to watch for an opportunity to
surprise them to pay dear for the conquest of
this town
Phrases and Idioms
42 a shower of arrows to clinil) a height without trouble (difficulty) fioin tliL- top of thc mouiitains
43 to be fiigagud (in battle) wilh
the eneniy the arrows were falling in
showers on the Christians this manner of fighting was
cjuite new to the Crusaders Ihey were powerless to défend
themselves to avoid a hand-to-hand fight so niany gênerons eftbrts to be exhausted froni fatigue he had had him advised of the
attack of the Turks two miles south of the valley
of Gorgoni.
its light was reflected by the
shields they were advancing in good
order to scare tlie infidels for five hours they had been
bearing the whoie brunt of
an unequal battle to fly in the direction of . .
an eagle swooping down on his
prey
45 he had withdrawn to the heights the ground was strewn witli
corpses they kept them as hostages everything was set fire to
46 dre-adful difficulties were await-
ing them a town situated eight or ten
hours distant from Ihere they had to cross the most
impracticable of the steep
parts of tlie Taurus
47 Antioch had for some time
borne the name of Theopolis its situation had at ail tinies
attracted foreigners opposite Antioch rises Mount
Pierius
48 in the east, north-east, and
north they could not attack him from
the south this side is inaccessible on
account of the mountains that would hâve been of great
service to the besiegers the ground lends itself to
camping they were blinded by the hope
of an easy conquest they took no précaution
49 the abundance of provisions
made the pilgrimssoon forget the goal of their enterprise
space was wanting for the graves
towns fallen into the hands of Christians
Peter the Hermit, whom the Crusaders reproached with the misfortunes which they were experiencing, could not bear to hear their complaints
he was brought back
50 the severity of the winter was
beginning to pass away his présence revived hope and
courage the improvement of the lot of
the pilgrims was attributed
to their pénitence they thanked Heaven for hav-
ing niade them better and
more worthy of its protection Antioch was a prey to want the désire of increasing his
fortune
51 he dared to cast his (covetous)
eyes on Antioch
whatever several historians may say
of restless and stirring tempérament
he was gifted with wcll-tried audacity
in between the combats he only dépends on him
52 it was a shame to flee
they begged him to urge on
the exécution of his plan at daybreak the troops received
the order to prépare for
their departure a few hours before nightfall they are going off vvith flying
colours at last they come to the décisive
moment the night was dark the mtenseness of the dark the wind was shaking the roofs
53 the whole extent of the danger he repeats that ail is ready to
receive them several of the principal chiefs it fell with a crash into the ditch those who were getting near
the top of the walls
54 the town resomided with this
terrible cry their last hour has come others rush outside the town-
gates
55 the bloodwasflowing in torrents
in the streets the town of Antioch had fallen
into the handsof the Crusaders in the first days of June of the
year 1098 the siège had commenced in
the month of October
56 they spent several days in
rejoicing he had promised to help theni they were setting about to
attack them they used to swear by their
prophet that they woukl
exterminate ail Christians
57 his mutilated body, whose head
the Mussulmans had eut off
thej' soon saw (use tarder) the
innumerable banners of the
Mussulman army float in the
distance several of their warriors lost
their lives to spread consternation among
ail the pilgrims they hastened to set sail to get
away from the coast of Syria they then proceeded to kill
their horses
58 the leather of their boots in hot water
those to whose charity they had
appealed to prolong life by a day
59 to overcome ail obstacles Saint Ambrose had appeared
to a ^■enerable priest they will enter Jérusalem as
victors to appease the wrath of one go and tell my people, hasten
and inform the Christians,
that . .
so as to crown ail promises . .
60 three days hence
they went to the appointed place they had taken care to shut the
doors they awaited impatiently the
resuit of the search their impatience went on
increasing
61 a shout of joy rose among the
bystanders they were thirsting for the blood
of the infidels to spend the night in prayers ail demand with loud shouts to
bc led to the fight this unexjjected abundance
62 arrayed in his breasti)late and
the robe of the pontiffs with his customary simplicity part of the clcrgy advanced in
the train of the papal legate the priests who had reniained
in Antioch
Phrases and Idioms
from Ihe top of the ramparts
63 Tancrod, whose sword glittered
(in lliL- air) and slruck likc
lightniiig they could no longer withstand
the attack at the foot of the mountains this unforeseen attack Bohcmond, whose troop was
Ix'ginning to yieid their présence soon changed
the face of the batlle
64 no obstacle can stop them
the infidels were retreating at
ail points they are irying to rally on theothcr side of a deep ra\'ine ail who dare to rcsist a great nuniber of horses fell
into their hands
65 they would hâve found no
résistance then one could see how diflScult
it is to do it everybody was of a différent
niind one must not leave the eneniy
time to pick up his courage they resolved to stay at Antioch theyhad soon (reason) to repent
of the resolution they had
taken
66 such was the f)ower which a
single nian exercised over the
multitude of Cnisaders his remains were buried in the
Church of St. Peter in the very place where the
miraculous lance had bcen
found
67 the sweetest fruit of their labours the Mussulmans were hasten-
ing to set them free they were not at ail preparing
to set out on their march they were trealing the coni-
plaints of the pilgrims wiih
scorn
let those who wish to remain
al Antioch perish 63 they were siill hesitating to give
the signal for the departure they could no longer resist the
entreaties of the multitude fearing always that his princi-
pality would be taken from
him they were banished from their
own homes
69 the less numerous they were,
the less was insubordination
to be feared at the beginning of the war the army was following the sea-
coast they delight in commending the
admirable order
70 last of ail came the crowd of
people everybody in his turn those who failed in discipline
were punished (<u-/. ) ail tried to be so arms in hand the churches were given up to
pillage and to the fiâmes
71 a Valley watered by a plentiful
spring they resolved to pass the night
there they were sending to ask for
help he reccived the deputies hc had his flag hoisted at the very hour whcn . . at daybrcak everybody started
on the march
72 without stopping there
the five fjebblcs with which he
laid low the giant tears flowed from their eyes some jump down from their
horses
73 an unbroken surface
the pièce of ground which faces north-west
opposite the gâte on the western side
74 he implored the Crasaders to
make a gênerai assault they yielded without difficulty
to the impatience of the
army their shields formed over their
heads an impénétrable vault
75 the outer wall had already
crumbled down some of them hâve a hand-to-
hand fight the besieged soon (use tœrder')
recovered from their surprise this first reverse taught them
that they must not always
count on prodigies
76 in the midst of a parched
district to be a prey to ail the horrors
of thirst at the time of the judges and
kings of Israël
77 to be short of money
ail hands were employed whilst some were constructing battering-rams, others fetched watcr some were preparing the skins taken from the beasts of burden ^which had perished on account of the droiight
78 Gaston de Béarn, whosebravery
and skill the historians
lavishly praise each tower had three stories love one anothcr like brothers obey the laws of God
79 after three days of strict fasting they were prcceded by their
priests robed in white their colours were waving and
the noise of trumpets re-
sounded in the distance the deepest silence reigned in
Jérusalem
80 the Christians had not deigned
to call upon the garrison to
surrender at the end of the third day ail
was finished on Thursday, the i4th of July
1099, as soon as daylight
appeared the clarions re-
sounded in the camp of the
Christians
81 they were running from ail sides
to meet the danger they threw the Christian army
into disorder towards the end of the da}' each was deploring his losses
and trembled at incurring
new ones
82 the Mussulmans did not cease
to tlu-ow burning torches from
the tops of their towers a fire which was breaking out
on ail sides a golden cross, the sight of
which provoked their fury hiniself the object of ail the
enemy's arrows, he was
fighting in the midst of the
dead and wounded to redouble one's courage and
ardour the pick of the Egj'ptian soldiers
83 they fell under a shower of
arrows and stones after having revealed the secret
of his mission they fell buried under the
débris a great number had been dis-
abled they were beginning to lose
courage the besieged who noticed it
uttered tremendous cries of
joy
84 they reproached the Christians
for adoring a God who could not défend them they retuiTi to the charge
Phrases and Idioms
85 thc nimour is sprcad that . .
they liave just appeared and
hoisted their flags they make rcnewed efforts a host of brave fellows follow
them closely a half-of)en breach the Mussulmans flee on ail sides
86 at tcn o'clock at night the ills they had sutTcred soon the slaughter became
gênerai to take refuge in the palaces the Christians whose fetters the
Crusaders had just broken
87 scarcely had the town been
conqucred, when one saw
them run up to meet the
victors ail wcrethanking God Wlio had
given their arms the victory ail promises had just been
fulfilled they were pressing in crowds
round the hermit
88 with bare feet ; with their heads
uncovered a part of the treasures were used to decorate the altars
89 the latter put the title of knight
far above that of king if one believes an English
historian, he could havc
obtained the suffrages of his
companions nothing prosjjered for him
during the rest of his lifc he had sworn that he would
not rcturn to F.uro])e
90 seated on thc very throne of thc
Sun holding in his hand a lamp ascending by a golden laddcr the clear manifestation of the
designs of Providence the élection of thc King of
Jerus;ileni, decrccd fora long
time in the counscl of God,
cannot Ije looked upon as the work of men
91 they conducted him in triumph
to the church he took the oath that he would
respxîct the laws of honour
and of justice it has been said that by doing
this hc only obeyed the
insinuations of the clergy however that may be
92 those who had escaped the
conquerors of Jérusalem
spread consternation every-
where he tore out his beard what blood has been shed !
the children hâve fallen under
the Steel of the victors they set their last hop)e on him
93 the same who had conqucred
the holy town from the Turks this message was proclaimed by
the light of torches the bells called the faithful to
divine service
94 an imposing and terrible sight they assembled round their
battalions one would hâve taken them
from a distance for squadrons
of cavalry The Mussulman soldiers had
been {active) persuaded
that . .
without losing any time
95 to prevcnt a sortie of the
garrison they stood courageously the
first onslaught to utter ferocious shouts he took possession of the
standard
96 he was resolvcd to end his days
in Asia with tears in their cyes having rcturncd to Europe to mclt into tears
i6o Histoire de la Première Croisade
97 after the touching farewell they were bringing back preci-
ous relies they could not get tired of hearing the account of their exploits
98 from their childhood
he wished to share with him
the dangers of such a long
journey he came back with them to
Europe he retired entirely from the
world
99 on his return from the Holy
Land having taken up the reins of
government, he lost the
confidence of his subjects he had him shut up in the
castle of Cardiff as a prize for his labours, he
obtained the possession of
the country which he had
just conquered the State confided to his care 100 criminals who were escaping
the justice of men learned and pious men were
assembled in the palace of
Solomon they were chargea to draw up
a code of laws
ail this was regulated after the customs of the Franks
101 two law- courts were insti-
tuted the one presided over by the
king was to pronounce on
the disputes of the vassals the people of the Holy City
were in extrême poverty he had not wherewith to pay
the small number of his
faithful warriors
102 the message was conceived in
thèse terms
there was none of thèse towns which was better fortified than Jérusalem
to come to the succour of . .
to be waging war with . .
103 he was following the sea-coast he came to meet him
they had just arrived in the port
his illness was increasing every minute
he confessed his sins and received the holy communion
104 he breathed his last on the
lyth of July his name recalls the virtues of
heroic times in the présent génération
