Augeard, cf. note 1 (above

6. un quart n'est pas entré, i.e. even less than one-fourth entered.

7. comte d'Artois, the king's next oldest brother. He ruled (1824-30) under the title of Charles X.

5 Monsieur, cf. page 29, note 3. He afterward ruled (181 5- :i under the title of Louis XVIII.

Page 30. — 1. Argenson (marquis d' ), flgured in French politics about the middle of the i8th centory. He wrote valuable memoirs.

2. chacun dans leur maison, note the illogical agreement; sa •svould be grammatically préférable, though, according to the récent relaxed rules, either son or leur may be used without distinction after : ïacun.

Page 31. — 1. cahiers, cf. page 15. note 2. 2. le marquis de Mirabeau, cf. page 2c, note 1. 5. faire injure, to insu.':,

4. dont les trois quarts (se sont) à l'aumône, of whom three quarters are obliged to receive chariîy; cf. page 1S5, note 5

Page 33. — 1. Frédéric II, Frédéric TLe Great, king of Prussia 1 ruiez. 1740-8É ,

2. César, i.e. H emperor *" or " monarch *' : cf. Czar and Kaiser.

3. Louis IX ruiei ::::--: . taiiec Saint-Louis, led the last crusaces.

4. Marc-Aurèle, Marcos Aurelius. Roman emperor (161-180). '"'Perhaps the most beautiful figure in history '" (Matthew Arnold: Essa-.: in Criticism). His " Thoughts," written in Greek, hâve been described as Vun des plus beaux .;: res de F humanité.

Page 34. — 1. MmedePompadour, favorite of Louis XV. though of mean origin. She maintained her sway over king and court for

nearly twenty years, influencing even the politics and wars of France.

Page 36. — i. la Renaissance italienne, the revival of art and literature, due chiefly to the renewed study of antiquity, manifested itself first and with great brilliancy in Italy, especially in the fif teenth century.