les Américains, i.e. during our Révolution

4. Malesherbes, one of the most attractive characters the old Régime produced, a génial and cultured man of the world. Though officiai censor, he protected libéral ideas against royal tyranny. During the Révolution he officially defended Louis XVI, and like him, was executed on a charge of treason.

5. dont un idiot, of whom one was an idiot; a common ellipsis after dont. Ci. page 31, note 4.

6. qui a le plus aimé le peuple, a rather surprising statement. The comparison of the flabby Louis with so noble a character as

Turgot is one which the reader is privileged to entertain cum grano.

Page 1S6. — i. à peine s'il y contait, cf. page 64. note 2.

2. gallican, opposed to the ultramontane party, who advocated the absolute authority of the Pope in ail church matters, were the partisans of the église gallicane, who advocated the independent government of the national church.

3. janséniste, name applied to a body of very sincère and pious reformers in the Catholic church. They held abstruse doctrines of grâce that were judged heretical, and they were persecuted by Louis XIV, at the instigation of the Jesuits. Cf. page 180, note 5.

Page 187. — 1. Law, cf. page 53, note 3. 2. états provinciaux, provincial assemblies.

Page 188. — 1. Terray (abbé), minister of finance (1769), who raised money by extortion and settled debts by répudiation.