chapitre, ?n., chapter; chapter
house.
chaque, each, every.
charbon, ??z., coal.
charge,/, load ; expense ; duty ;
care ; office, post; à — de, on
condition of.
charger, to load ; to distort ;
to overdo.
charité, /., charity, benevolence.
charmer, to charm, cast a spell
over.
charmille, /., yoke-elm ; hedge
or arbor.
charrette,/, cart, tumbril.
charroi, m., carting, transport.
charrue,/, plough.
charte,/, charter.
chartrier, m., collection of charters.
chasse,/, chase, hunt.
chasser, to drive away, turn out ; to chase, hunt.
chasseur, m., hunter.
château, m., castle.
châtier, to chastise, punish.
châtiment, a»., chastisement, punishment.
chatoyer, to change color, glisten.
chaud, -e, hot, warm.
chaud, m., heat.
chaume, m., stubble ; thatch.
chaumière,/, thatched cottage.
chaumine,/, small cottage, hut.
chaussée,/, road, highway.
chausser, to put shoes on; to shoe.
chaux, /., lime.
chef, m., chief, head, leader; — -lieu, m., chief town; principal place, seat; d'ceuvre,
m., masterpiece.
chemin, m., way, road; — de fer, railway, railroad.
cheminée,/, chimney, fireplace.
cheminer, to go along.
chemise,/, shirt.
chêne, m., oak.
chercher, to search for, seek.
chère, /., fare, cheer ; faire bonne — , to live well, hâve good fare.
cherté,/, dearness.
cheval, m., horse ; à — , on horseback ; chevau(x)-légers, light cavalry.
chevalerie,/, knighthood, chivalry.
chevalier, m., knight, chevalier, cavalier.
cheveu, m., hair.
VOCABULARY
cheville ouvrière, /., main
spring.
chevreuil, m., roebuck.
chez, at, in, to or into the abode
of ; among, in ; un — soi, a
home, chicane, /., chicanery, pettifog-
gery, quibbles, groundless
dispute, chicaner, to dispute, quibble.
chien, m., dog.
chiffon, m., rag; -s, //., dress,
finery.
chiffonné, -e, rumpled.
chiffre, m., figure, number.
chimère,/., chimera, idle fancy.
chimie,/., chemistry.
chimique, chemical.
chimiste, m., chemist.
Chine,/., China.
chinois, -e, Chinese.
chirurgien* tu., surgeon.
choc, 771., shock, collision, blow.
choisir, to choose, sélect, choix, m., choice, selectness,
distinction ; de — , sélect.
choquer, to shock; to clash
with.
chose,/., thing.
chrétien, -ne, Christian, chronique,/, chronicle, report, chute,/., fall.
ciel, m., heaven.
cime,/, top, summit.
ciment, m., cément.
cinq, five.
cinquante, fifty.
circonscrire, to circumscribe.
circonstance, /., circumstance ;
de — , made for the occasion ;
adapted to the occasion.
circonstancié,-e, circumstantial.
circulaire, circular. cirque, 771., circus, arena.
ciseler, to carve, chisel.
citadin, -e, ?n., /., townsman,
citizen, cité,/, city.
citoyen, -ne, m.,/., citizen, clair, -e, clear, bright ; — , m.,
sure part, clairvoyant, -e, clear-sighted.
clameur,/, clamor.
clarté,/, clearness, brightness;
light.
classe,/, class.
clavecin, m., harpsichord.
clergé, m., clergy.
clin, m., — d'oeil, twinkling of
an eye.
clore, to close, shut up.
clôture,/, enclosure, fence.
clou, m., nail.
cocarde,/, cockade.
cœur, m., heart ; de bon — ,
heartily, willingly.
coffre, m., chest, coffer.
cohue,/, mob.
coiffe,/, head-dress, cap, coif.
coiffer, to cover the head ; to
dress the hair.
coiffeu-r, -se, m.,/., hair-dresser.
coiffure,/, head-dress.
coin, m., corner, colère,/, anger.
collation, /., collation, refresh-
ment.
collecte, /., collection, collège, 77i., school.
coller, to paste, glue, stick, collet, 771., coat-collar.
colleter, to collar, grapple.
colleur, ni., paper-hanger.
colombier, 771., pigeon - house,
dovecote.
colon, 771., colonist, settler, fariner, colosse, 77i., colossus, giant.
colporter, to hawk, peddle.
combattre, to fight.
combien, how much, how many,
how.
combinaison,/, combination.
comble, m., top.
combler, to heap up, fill ; to
overwhelm.
VC r.^ZVLARY
comédie, /., comedv, play,
théâtre, comestible, edible.
comité, '?:.. committee; board.
commandant, .».';., commandant,
commanding omcer, govemor.
commande, /".. orcer: de — , to
::ier, made to order. forced.
commandement, »:.. command comme, as. like, as it were, how.
commencement, ??:.. beginning.
commendataire, commendatory.
comment, how. commerce, ?n., intercourse.
commercer, to trahie, commettre, to commit, intrust :
se — , to trust oneseîf: to
contencL commis, m., clerk: bureaucrat.
exciseman ; ieputy.
commissaire, m., commissioner.
commode, convenient, :omfort-
commodité,/'., cor. ver.:er.:e. com-
commun, -e, common.
communaux, m. pî.. common
pasture. public ground.
communauté, /'.. community.
convent.
commune, /"., parish, township,
commune.
communiant, -e, »;.,/'., commun-
communiquer, to communicate.
compagnie,/'., company.
compagnon, m., companion.
comparse. :../".. ûgurant, super-
nuraerarv.
compasser, to compass, measure:
to regnlaie.
compatir, to sympathize, com-
| ass;:ra:e.
compilateur, •:.. compiler.
complaisance, /'.. ebligingness
co.t.: liance, a : : : mm : ration. compl-ct, -ète, complète
' complice, v:.. accomplice.
complimenteu-r, -se, compii-
mentarj.
compliquer, to complicate, comporter, to admit of. require.
composé, -e, compiex.
composé, m., compound.
comprendre, to comprehend,
comprise, include, understand:
y compris, inclucling.
comprimer, :o conpress. re-
press.
compromettre, to compromise, comptable, m., accountant.
compte, ''... account, reckoning,
advantage: à ce — , at this
rate; tenir — de. :: fake into
considération, compter, to court, keep ac-
DonntSL COmte, ?;:.. count.
comté. ••:., \~z:Ki :z: 2r.:c>:z ::
the obsolète féminine gender),
courty. earl'dom, shire.
concentrer, to concentrate.
concert, ?k.. concert, harmony.
concerter, to plan, adjust: se' — ,
to consult togetrer concevoir, to conceive concile, m., counciL concilier, to conciliate, reconcile, concitoyen, r>-..s feiiow-citizen.
conclure, to conclude, infer,
décide.
concorder, to agrée, concur.
concourir, to concur, cooperate.
concours, m., compétition.
concurrence,/"., compétition.
condamner, to condemn.
condescendance, /"., coudeseen-
sion, compliarze.
condition,/"., rank, station, conduire, to conduct, lead, guide:
to drive.
conduit, p:.. conduit, :;::.
conduite./'. ::riu::. conduit.
confédéré: . ta ::r£edera:e. band
tocretae:
VOCABULARY
conférer, to confer.
confiance,/., confidence.
confident, -e, m.,/., confidant.
confier, to confide, trust, confiner, to confine, adjoin.
confins, m. pi., confines, borders.
conflit, ;//., conflict.
confondre, to confound.
conforme, conformable, in con-
formity with.
confrère, m., fellow-member,
colleague.
congédiable, dismissible.
connaissance, /., knowledge.
connaître, to know, be acquaint-
ed with. conquérant, m., conqueror.
conquérir, to conquer, win.
conquête,/*., conquest.
consacrer, to consecrate.
conscience, /., conscience, con-
scientiousness ; en' — , con-
scientiously ; avoir — de, to
be conscious of.
conscrit, m., conscript.
conseil, m., advice, counsel ;
council, board.
conseiller, m., counsellor, coun-
cillor.
consentement, m., consent, consentir, to consent, conséquemment, consequently.
conserva-teur, -trice, conserva-
tive ; m., curator.
conserver, to préserve, keep.
consigner, to refuse admittance
or egress.
consistance, /., consistency,
crédit, considération.
consommer, to consummate,
consume, constater, to ascertain, verify,
testify, establish.
construire, to construct.
conte, m., taie, story.
contempler, to contemplate,
behold. [rary.
contemporain, -e, contempo-
contenance, /., countenance,
bearing, attitude.
contenir, to contain, restrain,
repress.
conter, to recount, relate, tell, contestation, /., contest, dis- * pute.
contigu, -ë, contiguous, connectée!.
continu, -e, continued, continu-
ous.
continuer, to continue.
contraindre, to compel, con-
strain, restrain.
contrainte, /., constraint, (law)
warrant, contraire, contrary.
contrariété, /., vexation, an-
noyance.
contrat, m., contract.
contre, against, contrary to ;
— -coup, m., conséquence ;
force, /., counter-force ;
peser, to counterbalance ;
— -poids, m., counterpoise, counterbalance.
contrebande,/., smuggling, contraband; contraband goods.
contrebandier, m., smuggler.
contredire, to contradict.
contrée,/., région, land.
contribuable, m., tax-payer.
contribuer, to contribute.
contrôle, m., control ; supervision.
contrôler, to verify ; superintend.
contrôleur, m., comptroller, inspecter.
convaincre, to convince.
convenance, /., fitness, expediency ; convenience; -s,//., propriety.
convenir, to agrée ; to be proper.
convention, /., agreement ; conventionality.
convertir, to convert.
convive, ;#.,/., guest.
convoi, m., convoy, train.
VOCABULARY
convoitise, /., covetousness, eager désire.
convoquer, to convoke, call together.
coordonner, to coordinate.
copie,/., copy.
copiste, m., copyist.
Coran, m., Koran.
corbeille,/., basket.
cordon, m., string.
cordonnier, m., shoemaker.
corniche,/, cornice.
corps, m., body; corporation, corps ; brigade ; — de baleine, corset ; — d'état, corporation, trade.
corrompre, to corrupt, pervert.
corrup-teur, -trice, corrupting.
corsage, m., bust, waist.
cortège, w., retinue, attendants, procession ; faire — à. to attend upon.
corvéable, liable to forced labor.
corvée, /., statute-labor, forced labor.
costumer, to dress in fancy dress.
côte, /, rib, coast ; — à — , side by side.
côté, m., side; direction; de ce — , on this side ; this way ; de mon — , on my side.
coteau, m., hill.
coterie,/., coterie, social group.
COU, m., neck.
coucher, to lay down, put to bed, give a bed to ; to write down ; to pass the night.
coucher, m., going to bed ; réception.
coude, m., elbow.
coudée,/., cubit; -s franches, elbow-room.
coulée,/, flow.
couler, to flow, glide.
couleur,/, color.
coulisse,/, (tkeat.) side-scene.
coup, m., blow, stroke, eut, thrust, wound ; time; shot; — de chapeau, salutation (taking off one's hat), bow ; — de dé, cast of the die; — d'état, unexpected statemeasure, violent measure ; — de main, bold stroke; — d'œil, glance ; — de théâtre, stage effect ; après — , afterwards ; too late ; d'un — , at a stroke, ail at once; du premier — , at once, from the first ; — sur — , time on time • tout à — , tout d'un — , ail of a sudden, ail at once; — sur — , time on time.
coupable, culpable, guilty.
coupe, /., cutting, eut ; f elling.
couper, tocut.
couplet, m., verse, stanza; song.
coupure,/, eut; division; suppression.
cour,/, court.
courant, -e, current ; ordinary.
courant, m., stream ; current.
courber, to bend, curve, curb.
courir, to run, run after.
couronne,/, crown.
couronner, to crown.
cours, m., course.
court, -e, short.
courtisan, m., courtier.
courtois, -e, courteous.
court-vêtu, -e, in short dress.
coussin, m., cushion, pad.
coutelier, m., cutler.
coûter, to cost.
coûteu-x, -se, costly.
coutume,/, custom, habit.
couturer, to seam.
couvent, m., convent.
couver, to brood, hatch ; to brood over ; to cherish ; to smoulder.
couvert, m., cover; place (at tablé).
couvrir, to cover.
VOCABULARY
craindre, to fear.
crainte,/., fear.
crainti-f, -ve, timid, afraid.
craquer, to crackle.
créance,/., crédit, claim.
créancier, m., creditor.
créer, to create.
crépuscule, m., twilight.
creuset, m., crucible.
creu-x, -se, hollow.
crevasse,/, crevice.
crever, to burst ; to die.
cri, m., cry.
crin, m., horse-hair.
critique,/., criticism.
crocheteur, m., street-porter.
crochu, -e, crooked, hooked.
croire, to believe, think.
croisade,/, crusade.
croiser, to cross, corne across.
croissance,/, growth.
croître, to grow, increase.
croix,/, cross.
croquis, m., sketch.
crouler, to crumble, totter.
croûte,/, crust.
croyable, crédible.
croyance,/, belief.
cru, -e, raw ; crude ; rough, harsh ; indécent.
cruauté,/, cruel ty.
crudité,/, rawness, coarse expression.
crue,/, growth, increase.
cueillir, to gather.
cuir, m., leather.
cuire, to cook, bake.
cuisine,/, kitchen, cookery.
cuisinier, m., cook.
cuistre, m., pédant.
cuivre, m., copper.
culotte,/, breeches, trousers.
culte, m., worship, cérémonial.
cultiver, to cultivate.
culture,/, culture, tillage, farmland.
cure,/, living (of a priest).
curé, m., priest.
cuvée,/, vratful.
cymbalier, m., cymbal-player.
daim, m., deer.
dame,/, lady.
dans, in, into.
danser, to dance.
danseu-r, -se, m.,/., dancer.
dauphin, m., dauphin, heir apparent, dauphine, /., dauphiness (wife
of the Dauphin), davantage, more, de, of, from; (in); (with) ; (to) ;
(than) ; de — en — , from —
to— .
dé, m., die.
débandade,/, stampede.
débarrasser, to disembarrass,
free.
débattre (se), to struggle, writhe.
débile, weak.
débiter, to retail, recite.
débiteur, m., debtor.
débordement, m., overflowing.
déborder, to overflow.
débouché, m., outlet.
debout, upright, standing.
déboutonner, to unbutton ; -é,
free, unreserved.
débraillé, -e, loose, disorderly.
débrider, to unbridle.
débris, m., remains, ruins.
début, m., beginning.
débuter, to begin, make one's
first appearance.
décent, -e, becoming, proper.
déchaîner, to unchain, let loose.
décharger, to unload, disburden.
déchéance,/, downfall, decay.
déchirer, to tear, rend, split.
déchoir, to fall, sink, derogate.
décimateur, m., tithe-owner.
décime, m., tithe, ten per cent, déclamer, to recite, declaim.
VOCABULARY
déclassé, -e, unclassed, nonde-
script, out of one's sphère, décolorer, to lose color.
déconcerter, to disconcert, décor, «., décoration, {théâtre)
scenery.
décourager, to discourage, découverte,/., discovery.
découvrir, to discover.
décréter, to decree.
décrire, to describe.
décroître, to decrease.
décupler, to increase tenfold.
dédaigner, to disdain.
dédain, m., disdain.
dedans, within; au — , within, j
at home, dédier, to dedicate, consecratt.
déduire, to deduce, draw out.
défaillir, to faint, falter, fail.
défaire, to unmake, unravel.
défalquer, to deduct.
défaut, m., defect, fault, defi-
ciency, want, default; à — de,
for want of, in the absence of ;
faire — , to be wanting.
défavorable, unfavorable.
défendre, to défend, forbid.
défense,/., defence, prohibition, défenseur, m., defender.
défiance, /., distrust, défiant, -e, distrustful.
défigurer, to disngure.
défilé, m., defiling, marching
past.
défiler, to file, march past.
défrayer, to defray, defray the
expenses.
défricher, to clear. dégager, to disengage, free, ease.
dégarnir, to unfurnish, strip.
dégât, m., damage, havoc.
dégénérer, to degenerate.
dégorger, to disgorge, discharge.
dégoût, m., distaste, disgust.
dégoûté, -e, disgusted, wearied,
disaffected.
dégoûter, to disgust.
degré, m., degree, step, stair.
dégrever, to relieve.
dégrossir, to take the rough-
ness off, polish.
déguenillé, -e, ragged.
déguisement, m., disguise, déguiser, to disguise, dehors, outside; en — , outside.
déjà, already.
delà, beyond; au , beyond.
délabrer, to dilapidate, impair,
disorder.
délaisser, to abandon, déléguer, to delegate, assign.
délibérer, to deliberate.
délicatesse, /., delicacy, refine-
ment.
délier, to untie.
délinquant, m., offender.
délire, m., delirium.
délirer, to be delirious, rave, délit, m., delinquency.
délivrer, to deliver.
demande, /., question, request,
demand. demander, to ask, request, demand.
démarche,/., gait, bearing, step,
conduct.
démêler, to disentangle, discern.
déménager, to move out.
démérite, m., demerit, unworthi-
ness.
démesuré, beyond measure, excessive, demeurant, m., remainder.
demeure,/., résidence, dwelling ; à — , résident, fixed, for good.
demeurer, to dwell, remain, demi, -e, half ; à — , half, half-
way.
demoiselle, /., young lady, girl,
single lady ; gentlewoman.
démolir, to demolish.
démontrer, to demonstrate.
dénigrement, m.s reviling, dis-
paragement.
dénoncer, to denounce.
VOCABULARY
dent,/., tooth.
dentelle,/., lace.
dénué, -e, destitute.
départ, m., departure, starting.
département, m., department,
county, assessment.
départir (se), to desist; to
swerve.
dépasser, to go beyond, exceed,
surpass.
dépêche,/., despatch.
dépendance, /., dependency ;
outbuilding.
dépens, m., expense.
dépense,/., expense.
dépenser, to spend.
dépeupler, to depopulate.
dépister, to throw off the scent.
dépit, m., vexation, displeasure.
déplacer, to displace, misplace,
remove.
déplaire, to displease.
déploiement, m., unfolding, de-
ploying.
déployer, to unfold.
déposer, to deposit.
dépositaire, m., depositary,
trustée, déposséder, to dispossess.
dépôt, m., deposit ; station, cell,
ja.ildépouiller, to strip off, despoil,
divest.
dépourvu, -e, unprovided.
déprendre (se), to free oneself.
depuis, since; from ; after, after-
wards.
député, m., deputy, delegate, représentative.
déraciner, to uproot. déraisonnable, unreasonable.
déranger, to dérange, disturb,
unsettle.
dérisoire, derisive.
derni-er, -ère, last ; (lowest).
dérober, to steal, take away, de-
prive, conceal ; se — , to steal
away ; to shrink.
déroger, to derogate, act con-
trary (to), stoop.
déroulement, m.t unrolling.
derrière, behind.
dès, as early as, from, since; —
que, as soon as.
désagréger, to disaggregate.
désapprendre, to unlearn.
désarmer, to disarm. ' désastre, m., disaster, descendre, to descend.
désemplir, to empty.
désespérer, to despair; to drive
to despair, désespoir, m., despair, déshabiller, to undress.
désigner, to designate.
désintéressé, -e, disinterested.
désœuvré, -e, unoccupied, idle.
désœuvrement, m., want of em-
ployment, idleness.
désordre, m., disorder.
désormais, henceforth.
dessécher, to dry up.
dessiner, to sketch, trace, dessous, adv., under, below
au , under; en — , under-
neath ; secretly, stealthily.
dessus, on, over, above.
destruc-teur, -trice, destructive.
dételer, to unharness.
détendre, to unbend, relax.
détenir, to detain, keep, with-
hold, confine, détente,/., unbending, re^xing.
détourner, to turn aside, avert ,
divert.
détresse,/., distress, misery.
détrôner, to dethrone.
détruire, to destroy.
dette,/., debt.
deux, two.
devancer, to précède, outstrip.
devancier, m., predecessor.
devant, in front of ; au , to-
wards, (to meet).
devenir, to become.
VOCABULARY
dévergondage, m., shameless-
ness.
déverser, to pour out.
dévêtir, to divest, undress.
dévier, to deviate, devin, m., diviner, soothsayer, deviner, to divine, guess.
devoir, m., duty, obligation :
-s,/,\, respects, devoir, to owe: to be bound ; to
be (to) ; ought.
dévolu, -e, devolved, awarded.
dévorer, to devour.
dévot, -e, devout.
dévouement, m., dévotion, zeal.
dévouer, to dévote, diable, m., devil.
diamant, m., diamond.
dictature, /.. dictatorship. suprême authority.
dictée,/., dictation.
dicter, to dictate.
dieu, m., God, god; le bon — ,
the Lord.
diféremment, dirferently.
difficile, dirficult. hardto please.
difforme, deformed.
digérer, to digest.
digne, worthy, digridec, dignitaire, m., omcer, dignitary.
digue,/"., dike, dam.
diligence,/., stage-coach.
dimanche,' m., Sunday.
dîme,/"., tithe.
diminuer, to diminish.
diner, m., dinner.
dîner, to dine ; — en ville, to
dine out : donner à — , to give
a dinner.
diplomatie,/'., diplomacy.
dire, to say, tell; au — de, ac-
cording to the statement of ;
— du bien de, to speak well
of.
diriger, to direct.
discontinu, -e, discontinuons.
discoureur, m., discourser ;
talker.
discourir, to discourse, talk.
discours, m., discourse, speech.
discr-et, -ète, discreet.
discuter, to discuss.
disette,/., dearth.
disgrâce, /., disgrâce; displeas-
ure ; misfortune.
disjoindre, to disjoin.
disjonction,/, disjunction.
disparaître, to disappear.
disparate,/, incongruity.
dispendieu-x, -se, expensive, dispos, active ; cheerful.
disserter, to discourse, make
speeches.
dissimuler, to dissemble, condissiper, to dissipate. [ceal.
dissoudre, to dissolve, break up.
distinguer, to distinguish.
distraire, to distract, divert : to
divert one's attention.
distribuer, to distribute.
divertir, to divert.
divertissement, m., entertain-
ment, diversion, divin, -e, divine, diviser, to divide, separate.
dix, ten; huit, eighteen; —
-neuf, nineteen ; sept,
seventeen.
dixième, tenth.
docte, learned.
dogme, m., dogma, doctrine, doigt, m., finger. domicile, m., résidence, home, domicilier, to settle ; domicilié,
résident.
dominer, to predominate.
dommage, m.t damage.
dompter, to subdue.
don, m., gif t.
donc, then ; therefore.
donjon, si., castle-keep; donjon.
donnée,/'., notion, assumption,
premise.
donner, to give; — à quelqu'un
vingt ans, to take one to be
twentv vears old.
VOCABULARY
dont, of whom ; f rom whom ; of
which ; from which.
dorénavant, henceforth.
dorer, to gild.
dormir, to sleep.
dorure,/., gilding.
dos, ??i., back.
dot,/., dowry.
doter, to give a dowry.
douane,/, customs.
douceur,/, sweetness ; softness,
gentleness.
douer, to endow, gift.
douleur,/, pain, sorrow.
douloureu-x, -se, painful, sor-
rowful. doute, m., doubt.
douter, to doubt ; se — , to suspect.
douteu-x, -se, doubtful.
dou-x, -ce, sweet; soft, mild,
gentle ; easy.
douzaine,/, dozen.
douze, twelve.
doyen, m., dean.
dragon, m., dragoon.
drap, m., cloth.
dresser, to erect, set up, draw
up, stand on end.
droit, -e, straight, upright,
right.
droit, m., right, claim, law, due
(tax) ; à bon — , justly.
droiture,/, uprightness.
drôle, droll, amusing ; — , m.,
rogue, rascal.
dû, m., due,/, due.
duc, m., duke.
duché, m., duchy, dukedom.
duègne, /., duenna, governess
{in Spain).
duper, to dupe, deceive.
dur, -e, hard.
durcir, to harden.
durée,/, duration.
durer, to last, endure, dureté,/, hardness, harshness.
eau,/., water.
ébaucher, to sketch, outline. éblouir, to dazzle.
ébranler, to move, put in motion, écailler, to scale off, peel off.
écart, m., déviation, distance, écarté, -e, remote, secluded.
écarter, to remove, set aside, re-
ject; s' — , to deviate; to go
away.
ecclésiastique, m., /., ecclesias-
tic, - m., priest.
échafaud, m., scaffold, gallows.
échafaudage, m., scaffolding ;
pile, échange, m., exchange.
échantillon, m., sample.
échapper, to escape.
échauffer, to heat ; excite, échelle, /., ladder ; scale.
échelon, m., round, rung.
échelonner, to arrange in de-
grees.
échoir, to fall, fall due.
échoppe,/, stall.
échu, -e {part.of échoir), fallen
due.
éclair, m., lightning, flash, éclaircir, to clarify, elucidate.
éclairer, to light, enlighten.
éclat, m., explosion, burst ; bril-
liancy, splendor ; noise, éclater, to break forth ; to shine,
glitter ; to appear.
éclore, to hatch ; to blossom.
éclosion,/, hatching.
école,/, school.
écolier, m., schoolboy, tyro. économe, economical.
écorce,/, bark.
écorcher, to excoriate, flay.
écourter, to curtail, eut too short, écouter, to listen.
écraser, to crush.
écrier (s'), to cry out, exclaim.
écrin, m., jewel-box, casket.
VOCABULARY
écrire, to write.
écrit, m., writing.
écriture, /., writing ; Scripture.
écrivain, m., writer.
écroulement, m., downfall, collaps e.
écu, m., {old coin) half-crown (3 francs).
écuelle, /., porringer, basin.
écume,/., foam, froth, scum.
écumer, to foam.
écurie,/., stable.
édicter, to decree.
édifier, to build.
édit, m.t edict.
effacer, to efface; s' — , to keep in the background ; disappear.
effarement, m., terror, bewilderment.
effaroucher, to scare, startle.
effecti-f , -ve, effective ; real.
effectivement, indeed, really.
effet, m., eff ect, resuit ; property, chattel; en —, in fact, indeed.
efficace, efficacious, effective.
effleurer, to graze, touch lightly.
effondrement, m., breaking up.
effondrer (s') , to give way ; sink.
effrayer, to frighten.
effroi, m.t terror, dread.
effronté, -e, impudent, brazen.
effroyable, frightful.
effusion, /., overflowing ; shedding.
égal,--e, equal, even.
égalitaire, based on equality ;
levelling.
égard, m., regard, respect, déférence; à F — de, regarding.
égarer, to mislead ; lose ; s' — ,
to lose oneself, wander.
égayer, to enliven. église,/., church.
églogue,/., eclogue.
égoïsme, m., egotism, selfish-
égoïste, selfish, egotistic.
égout, m., sewer.
égratignure,/., scratch.
élaborer, to elaborate.
élaguer, to prune, élan, »z.,spring; impulse, impetu-
osity, enthusiasm.
élargir, to widen, enlarge, ex-
tend ; to release.
élevage, m., breeding.
élève, m.,/., pupil.
élever, to elevate, raise, bring
up ; s' — , to rise.
élire, to elect.
élite,/., choice; flower.
éloge, m., eulogy.
éloignement, m., removal, re-
moteness.
éloigner, to remove; éloigné,
far, remote.
éloquemment, eloquently.
embarquement, m., embarcation, embauchement, m., decoying,
recruiting.
embellir, to embellish, beautify,
adorn.
embrasement, m., conflagration, embrasser, to embrace, kiss.
émeute,/., riot, insurrection.
émietter (s'), to crumble. émigré, -e, m., /., emigrant,
refugee.
éminent, -e, eminent, high.
emmener, to take away, lead
away.
émousser, to blunt.
émouvoir, to move, touch.
emparer (s'), to seize, possess
oneself (of).
empêcher, to prevent, keep
(from).
empêtrer, to entangle.
emphase, /., bombast, pom-
posity.
empiétement, #z.,encroachment.
empire, m., empire, sovereignty.
empirer, to make worse, get worse.
VOCABULARY
emplir (s'), to fi 11.
emploi, m., employment ; use ;
office, emporter, to carry away ; to take
along ; V — (sur), to get the
better (of) ; to triumph ; emporté, passionate, hasty.
empreindre, to imprint, stamp.
empreinte,/., impression, print,
stamp.
empressé, -e, eager, ready, ardent. empressement, m., eagerness,
ardor.
empresser (s'), to be eager ; to
crowd.
emprunt, m., loan, borrowing ;
d' — , borrowed.
emprunter, to borrow.
en, in, into ; (as).
en, m., /., (of him, of her) of it,
of them ; from him, etc. (often
redundant).
encadrement, m., frame.
encadrer, to frame.
enceinte,/., enclosure, precincts,
premises.
enchaîner, to chain, fetter ; to
link, connect.
enchan-teur, -teresse, enchant-
ing.
enchevêtrer, to entangle.
enclore, to enclose, enclos, m., enclosure.
encombrer, to encumber.
encore, still, yet ; again ; besides,
also.
encourir, to incur.
encre,/, ink.
encroûter, to cover with a crust.
endetter, to get into debt ; s' — ,
to get into debt.
endormir, to put to sleep ; s' — ,
to fall asleep.
endosser, to endorse ; to put on
one's back.
endroit, m., place, spot ; à 1' —
de, with regard to ; à mon
(ton, &C.) — , with regard to
me (thee, &c).
endurcir, to harden.
énergumène, m., /., demoniac,
frantic person.
enfance,/, childhood.
enfant, m.,/., child; — trouvé,
foundling.
enfanter, to give birth to.
enfermer, to enclose, confine, enfilade,/., séries ; string.
enfiler, to string together.
enfin, finally, in short ; at last.
enfler, to swell, inflate.
enfoncer, to sink ; to thrust ; to
drive in.
enfouir, to bury.
enfreindre, to infringe.
enfuir (s'), to flee.
engager, to engage ; to pledge; to
entangle, involve, engeance,/, brood, set.
engendrer, to beget.
engin, m., engine ; instrument ;
snare.
engloutir, to swallow up.
engorger, to obstruct, congest.
engouement, m., infatuation.
engourdir, to benumb; to make
torpid ; to dull.
engraisser, to fatten. engrenage, m., gearing. [land.
enguirlander, to wreathe, garenharnacher, to harness.
énigme,/, enigma, riddle.
enivrer, to intoxicate.
enjoué, -e, playful.
enlacer, to entwine.
enlever, to take away, carry
away.
ennemi, -e, m.,f., enemy.
ennoblir, to ennoble.
ennui, m., tediousness, weari-
ness.
ennuyer, to annoy, bore, ennuyeu-x, -se, tiresome.
énoncé, m., déclaration, enuncia-
tion.
VOCABULARY
énorme, enormous.
enraciner, to root.
enrager, to go mad.
enregistrer, to register, record, enrichir, to enrich.
enrôlement, m., enrôlaient, enlisting, enrouiller, to be rusty.
enrubanner, to trim with ribbons.
enseignement, m~> instruction,
teaching.
enseigner, to teach, show, ensemble, together, — m., whole, entirety ; d' — , comprehensive ; combined.
enserrer, to enclose, confine, ensevelir, to shroud, bury.
ensuite, afterwards, then, next.
entasser, to heap, pile up.
entendre, to hear; to understand.
entente,/., understanding, agree-
ment.
enterrer, to inter, bury.
enthousiaste, enthusiastic.
enti-er, -ère, entire.
entour, m., environment.
entourage, m., surroundings ;
familiars ; company.
entourer, to surround, entrain, m., high spirits, animation, entraînement, m., impulse ; animation ; fascination, entraîner, to carry away ; to
draw along ; to entail.
entrave,/., fetter; obstacle, entre, between, among.
entre-choquer, to strike against
each other.
entrée,/., entrance, admittance ;
import-duty.
entrelacer, to interweave, blend.
entremise, /., interposition,
agency.
entreprendre, to undertake.
entrepreneur, m., contractor.
entrer, to enter.
entresol, m., (a suite of low
rooms between the groundfloor and the first floor) entresol.
entretenir, to maintain ; to keep in repair ; to entertain ; s' — , to converse.
entretien, m., maintenance ; conversation, talk.
entrevoir, to catch a glimpse of .
énumérer, to enumerate.
envahir, to invade, encroach.
envie, /., envy ; inclination, desire.
envier, to envy.
environ, about.
environner, to surround.
envisager, to look in the face of ; to consider.
envoyer, to send.
épais, -se, thick, heavy.
épaississement, m., thickening.
épancher, to pour out, vent.
épanouir, to expand, open.
épargne, /., saving.
épargner, to save, spare.
éparpiller, to scatter.
épars, -e, scattered, dispersed.
épaule,/., shoulder.
épaulette,/., epaulet, shoulderstrap.
épée,/., sword.
éphémère, m.,/., ephemera, dayfly.
epice,/, spice.
épidémie,/, épidémie.
épier, to spy, watch.
épine,/., thorn.
épineu-x, -se, thorny, difficult, ticklish.
épingle,/., pin.
épiscopal, -e, episcopal, pertaining to a bishop.
époque,/, epoch, time.
épouse,/., spouse, wife.
épouser, to espouse, embrace.
épouvantable, frightful.
époux, m., husband ; pi., husband and wife.
VOCABULARY
épreuve,/., trial, test.
éprouver, to expérience, feel.
épuiser, to exhaust.
épurer, to purify, refine, expurgate.
équilibre, m., equilibrium, balance.
équipage, m., équipage, carriage ; crew.
équivoque, equivocal, uncertain.
ériger, to erect, set up, institute.
erreur,/., error.
escalier, m., staircase.
escarpé, -e, steep.
esclave, m.,/., slave.
escorte,/., escort, convoy.
escouade,/., squad.
escrime, /., f encing.
espace, m., space.
espacer, to set at regular distances, to space.
Espagne,/., Spain.
espagnol, -e, Spanish.
espalier, m., espalier, fruit-wall.
espèce,/, species, kind.
espérance,/., hope.
espérer, to hope.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m., spirit, mind, wit, cleverness.
esquisse,/, sketch.
esquiver, to évade.
essai, m., trial, essay, test.
essaim, m., swarm.
essayer, to try.
essor, m., soaring.
essuyer, to wipe, dry ; to endure.
estampe,/, print, engraving.
estimer, to estimate, esteem.
estomac, m., stomach.
établir, to establish.
établissement, m., establishment.
étage, m., story ; rank.
étager, to arrange in tiers, in rows.
étalage, m., display, show, ostentation.
étaler, to spread out, display ;
s' — , to sprawl.
étang, m., pond, étape,/, stopping-place ; stage.
état, m., state, status ; calling, profession; -s, //., States, States-general ; — civil, social state, status as a citizen ; les -s généraux, the Statesgeneral; tiers , third es-
tate, Commons.
état-major, m., staff.
été, m., summer.
éteignoir, 02., extinguisher.
éteindre, to extinguish.
étendre, to extend, stretch.
étendue,/, extent, space.
étinceler, to sparkle, flash.
étioler, to make pale or sickly, debilitate.
étiquette,/., label, ticket.
étirer, to draw out.
étoffe,/, cloth, fabric.
étole,/, stole (pries?* garment).
étonner, to astonish.
étouffer, to stifle, choke.
étrange, strange.
étrang-er, -ère, strange, f oreign.
étrang-er, -ère, m.,/., stranger; — m., foreign country.
être, to be, (to belong) ; c'est que, it is because, the fact is ; en — à, to be at; to leave off at ; to be in that case ; soit — soit, whether — or.
être, m., being.
étriquer, to scant, curtail.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étroitesse,/, narrowness.
étude,/, study.
étudier, to study.
évaluer, to value, appraise.
évanouir (s'), to vanish ; faint.
évaporer, to evaporate.
évêché, m., bishopric.
éveiller, to awake, awaken.
événement, m., event.
éventail, m., fan.
2gz
VOCABULARY
évêque, m., bishop.
évertuer (s'), to exert oneself.
éviter, to avoid.
exagérer, to exaggerate.
exaltation,/., excitement, over-
excitement.
exalter, to excite, inflame.
examen, m., examination.
exaspérer, to exasperate.
excès, m., excess.
exciter, to excite, urge.
exclure, to exclucle.
excroissance,/., excrescence.
exécuteur, m., executor.
exégèse,/., exegesis.
exemplaire, m., copy, spécimen, exemple, m., example ; à 1' —
de, after the example of :
par — , for instance, exercer, to exercise, train, prac-
tise, exert.
exigence, /., exigency, require-
ment, unreasonableness, au-
thoritativeness.
exiger, to exact, demand.
exigu, -ë, scanty.
exil, m., exile, banishment.
exorde, m., exordium.
expansion, /., open-heartedness,
unreserved joy.
expérience, /., expérience, ex-
periment.
explicati-f, -ve, explanatory,
expanding.
explication,/., explanation.
expliquer, to explain.
exposé, m., statement.
expr-ès, -esse, express, positive.
exprès, purposely, expressly.
exprimer, to express, press out.
expulser, to expel. expurger, to expurgate.
exquis, -e, exquisite.
extase,/., ecstasy.
exténuer, to weaken.
externe, external.
extorquer, to extort,
extraire, to extract.
extrait, m., extract; epitome ;
certificate.
extraordinaire, extraordinary,
extra.
fable,/, fable, fiction, fabliau, m., fabliau, taie {in verse).
fabricant, m,, manufacturer, fabriquer, to manufacture,
make.
face,/, face, front, facette,/, facet, face, fâcher, to make angry ; to
grieve.
facile, easy, ready.
facilité,/, ease, indulgence, façon,/, fashion, manner ; à la
— de, after the manner of ; de — à, so as to.
factice, factitious, artificial,
sham.
faculté, /., faculty (médical
staff).
fade, insipid. fadeur, /., insipidity, insipid
compliment, faible, feeble.
faiblesse,/, weakness.
faillir, to f ail ; to be a bank-
rupt.
faim, /, hunger ; avoir — , to
be hungry.
fainéant, -e, do-nothing.
faire, to make, do, cause : faire
— . . ., to make (one) do; to hâve or get . . . made or done ; tout fait, ready made.
faisceau, m., bundle.
faiseur, m., maker.
fait, m., fact; deed, exploit; de
— ., iri fact ; en — de, as to ;
in the way of; sur le — , in
the act.
VOCABULARY
faix, m., burden.
falloir, to be necessary or needed, (must) ; il faut, it is necessary, one must, one needs.
famili-er, -ère, m., /., familiar.
famille,/., family.
fanatisme, m., fanaticism.
fangeu-x, -se, miry.
fantaisie,/., fancy, caprice.
fantôme, m., phantom.
farcir, to sturf.
fard, m., paint, rouge.
fardeau, m., burden.
farine,/, flour.
farouche, wild, savage.
faste, tn., pomp, show, ostentation.
fastueu-x, -se, pompous, ostentatious, showy.
fatalement, adv., fatally, inevitably.
faucher, to mow.
faune,/, fauna.
fausser, to pervert ; to f alsif y.
faute, /., f ault ; mistake ; want ; — de, for want of, in default of.
fauteuil, m., easy chair, armchair.
fauteur, m., favorer.
fauve, tawny, wild.
fau-x, -sse, false.
faux, m., forgery ; à — , falsely; erroneously.
faveur,/, favor.
favori, -te, favorite.
favoriser, to favor.
faux-saunier, seller of contraband sait.
fécond, -e, fecund, fruitful.
féerie,/, fairy-land, fairy-scene.
féliciter, to congratulate, felicitate.
fellah, m., fellah {Egyptian peasant).
femelle,/, female.
femme, /., woman ; wife ; — de
chambre, lady's maid, cham-
bermaid.
femmelette, /., silly woman,
little woman.
fenêtre,/, window.
féodal, -e, feudal.
fer, m., iron (sword, steel).
fermage, m., rental.
ferme, /, farm, revenue-farm-
ing. ferme, firm.
fermer, to shut.
fermi-er, -ère, m., /., farmer,
tax-farmer ; — général, farm-
er-general {of the public reve-
nues).
féroce, ferocious, fierce.
ferveur,/, fervor.
festin, m., feast, banquet, fête,/, feast, holiday, birthday,
saint's day.
feu, m., fire ; — de paille, straw
fire, mère flash ; mettre le —
à, to set fire to.
feuillage, m., foliage.
feuille,/, leaf.
ficelle,/, string.
fichu, m., neckerchief.
fidèle, faithful.
fief, m., fief, fee, freehold.
fiel, m., gall, rancor.
fi-er, -ère, proud.
fièvre,/, fever.
figurant, -e, m.,/., supernumer-
ary.
figure, /., form; face ; faire — ,
to make a show, figurer, to represent ; se — ,
to picture to oneself; to imagine, figurine, /., miniature figure,
statuette.
fil, m., thread.
file,/, file, row.
filer, to run.
filet, m., thread, net, fibre, filière,/, string, séries.
filigrane, m., filigree-work.
VOCABULARY
fille,/., girl, daughter.
fillette, /., little girl.
filon, m., Iode ; vein.
fils, m., son, junior.
filtrer, to filter, percolate.
fin,/., end.
fin, -e, fine, refined, exquisite; witty, shrewd, subtle, arch.
finance,/., cash, finance.
finesse, /., fineness, delicacy, keenness.
finir, to finish, end.
fisc, m., public treasury, revenueoffice.
fixe, fixed.
flacon, m., flask, vial.
flambeau, m., flambeau, torch.
flamber, to blaze, flash.
flamboyer, to flame, blaze.
flamme,/., flame.
flammèche,/., spark.
flanc, m., flank, side.
flatter, to caress.
flétrir, to fade, wither.
fleur,/., flower.
fleurir, to flower, bloom.
fleuve, m., river.
floraison,/., flowering.
flore,/., flora.
florir, to flourish.
flot, m., wave ; flood, torrent.
flottille, /., flotilla.
fluet, -te, délicate.
flûte, -e, soft, sweet ; piping.
foi, /., f aith.
foin, m., hay.
foire,/., fair.
fois, /., time ; à la — , at the same time.
folâtre, frolicsome.
folie, /., madness, folly.
foncer, to rush.
fonci-er, -ère, landed, deepseated, f undamental.
fonction,/, function.
fonctionner, to perform (its) f unctions ; to operate.
fond, m., bottom, foundation,
basis, background ; essence ;
capital ; à — , thoroughly ; to
the bottom.
fondateur, m., founder.
fondation,/, foundation.
fondement, m., foundation.
fonder, to found, establish.
fondre, to melt.
fonds, m., soil; capital, stock;
matter.
fontaine,/., fountain.
fonte,/, melting ; casting.
forain, -e, marchand — , ped-
dler.
force,/, strength, force; à —
de, by dint of.
forcément, forcibly, necessarily,
inevitably.
forcer, to force, do violence to ;
to storm; to strain ; to hunt
or run down.
forêt, /., f orest.
forger, to forge; to fabricate,
shape, invent, forme,/, form ; dans les -s, in
due form.
former, to form.
formule,/., formula, fort, -e, strong, violent, intense ;
bad ; powerf ul.
fort, very, very much.
forteresse, /., fortress, strong-
hold.
fossé, m., ditch, moat.
fou, fol, m., folle,/., mad.
fouet, m., whip.
fouetter, to whip.
fougue,/., ardor, impetuosity.
fouiller, to dig, rummage.
foule,/., crowd, multitude, fouler, to tread, trample.
four, m., oven.
fourche, /., f ork ; gibbet.
fourchette,/., fork.
fourmi,/., ant.
fourmilière, /., ant-hill.
fourmillement, m., swarming.
fourmiller, to swarm.
VOCABULARY
fournir, to furnish, supply.
fournisseur, m., purveyor,tradesman.
fourrage, m., forage, foragingparty.
fourrure,/., fur.
foyer, m.t hearth; furnace; home; focus; seat, hotbed.
frac, m., dress-coat.
frais, ni. pi., expenses, cost.
fraise, /., strawberry.
franc, m., franc (ado ut 20 cts.).
franc, franche, free, frank ; down-right.
français, -e, French.
franchir, to leap over, clear.
francisque,/., battle-axe.
frange,/, fringe.
frapper, to strike, stamp.
frayer, to rub against, associate.
frein, m., bit, curb, restraint.
frêle, frail.
frémir, to shudder.
frère, m., brother.
fretin, w., smali fish, small fry.
friandise,/., dainty, delicacy.
friche, /., waste land, fallow land.
fripon, -ne, m.,/., knave, rascal.
friponnerie,/., knavery.
froid, -e, cold.
froid, m., cold, coldness.
froideur,/., coldness.
froissement, m., collision, friction.
froisser, to wound, hurt.
froment, m., wheat.
froncer, to wrinkle, contract.
fronde,/, opposition.
fronder, to criticize, carp at, op= pose.
frondeur, m., fault-finder.
front, m., forehead.
fronton, m., pediment, fronton.
frottement, tn., rubbing, friction.
frotter, to rub.
froufrou, m., rustling.
fructueu-x, -se, fruitful.
frustrer, tb frustrate, deprive.
fugiti-f, -ve, fugitive, wandering.
fuir, to flee, shun.
fumée,/, smoke.
fumure,/., manure.
funeste, fatal, disastrous.
fur ; au — et à mesure, in proportion ; as soon (as).
furet, m., ferret.
fureur, /., fury, frenzy ; mania, passion ; faire — , to be the rage.
furibond, -e, furious.
fusil, m., gun.
gabelle,/., salt-tax.
gabelou, m., custom-house ofïïcer.
gages, m. pi., wages.
gagne-pain, m., means of support.
gagner, to gain, earn ; to reach ; to spread.
gai, -e, gay.
gaieté (or gaîté),/., gaiety.
gain, m., gain, lucre.
gaine,/., case, sheath.
gala, m., f east, entertainment ; de — , gala-day, festive.
galant, -e, courteous (to ladies), gallant, complimentary, élégant.
galant, m., gallant, lover; ladies' man.
galanterie,/., compliment; loveintrigue.
gale,/., itch.
galère,/, galley; drudgery.
galerie,/., gallery.
galérien, m., galley-slave, convict.
galon, m., lace, galloon, band.
VOCABULARY
galonner, to lace, stripe.
gambade,/., gambol, caper.
gamin, -e, romping," mischievous ; street Arab, little black-
gant, m., glove. [guard.
ganter, to glove.
garantir, to guarantee.
garçon, m., boy, waiter.
garde,/., guard, watch, protection, care, heed ; n'avoir — de, to be caref ul not to ; to beware of.
garde, m., guard ; — meuble(s), storehouse (of the crown) ; — robe, /., wardrobe.
garder, to keep, guard, main-
tain ; se
to beware.
gardien, -ne, m.,/., guardian.
garenne,/., rabbit-warren.
garnir, to furnish, adoru.
garnisaire, m., bailiff's man.
garnison, /., garrison, bailiff's
men.
gâter, to spoil, corrupt.
gauche, left.
gaudriole, f., broad joke.
Gaule,/., Gaul.
gaulois, -e, Gallic; f ree ; li-
centious.
gaze,/, gauze.
geai, m., jay.
gelée, /, f rost.
gémir, to groan.
gendarme, m., policeman.
gendre, m-, son-in-law.
gêne,/., inconvenience, discom-
fort ; constraint, restraint,
restriction, embarrassment,
narrow circumstances.
gêner, to make uneasy; to cramp;
to embarrass.
génie, m., genius.
genre, m., kind, species ; kind
of literary composition, gens, m., f.pl., people, servants;
jeunes — , young men.
gentilhomme, m., nobleman ;
gentleman.
gentilhommière, /., country
squire's house.
gentillesse, /., prettiness, élégance, pretty saying.
gerbe,/, sheaf.
germain, -e, German.
germer, to germinate, bud.
geste, m., gesture; -s, deeds,
exploits, gibier, m., game.
gigantesque, gigantic.
girouette,/, weather-cock.
gîte, m., quarters, shelter.
glace, /., looking-glass.
glaive, m., sword.
glèbe,/., glèbe, soil.
glisser, to slip, glide.
gloire,/, glory.
gobelet, m., goblet; juggler's
cup or thimble ; joueur de -s,
thimble-rigger.
gonfler, to swell, puff up.
gorge,/, throat.
gosier, ?;z., throat.
goujat, m., vulgar fellow.
goule,/, ghoul.
gourdin, m., cudgel.
gourmet, m., epicure. goût, m., taste, liking.
goûter, to taste, relish, enjoy.
goutte,/, drop, goût, gouttelette,/, little drop, gouvernante,/, governess.
gouverner, to govern, rule.
grabat, m., pallet, trundle-bed.
grâce, /., grâce, favor; thanks
(to). • - [fui.
gracieu-x, -se, gracious, gracegrade, m., rank, dignity. .
gradin, m., seat {in tiers) ; step.
graduer, to graduate, grade.
graine,/, seed.
graisse,/, fat, grease.
grand, -e, great, large, tall ;
grown-up ; grand ; en — , on a
large scale.
Grande - Bretagne, /., Great
Britain.
VOCABULARY
grandeur,/., greatness.
grandiose, grand.
grandir, to grow up, grow, rise.
grappillage, [Taine writes gra-
pillage, etc.] m., picking, pil-
fering.
gras, -se, fat, greasy.
gratification, /., présent (of
money). grattage, m., scraping.
gratuit, -e, gratuitous.
gravelure,/., ribaldry.
graver, to engrave.
gré, m., will, wish; liking, taste;
bon — mal — , willing or un-
willing; savoir — , to be
pleased or grateful; savoir
mauvais — , to take ill, be
displeased.
grec, -que, Greek.
greffier, m., cierk, recorder, grêle,/., hail.
grelot, m., little round bell.
grenier, m., garret.
grief, m., grievance.
griffe,/., claw.
griffonner, to scrawl, scribble.
grille,/., grating, gâte (pf iron).
grimper, to climb, clamber,
creep up.
grincer, to grate, rattle.
grisaille,/., gray {painting).
grivois, -e, rakish.
gronder, to grumble, scold, mut-
ter.
grondeu-r, -se, grumbling,
scolding.
gros, -se, big, large; main,
coarse; (wealthy) ; heavy.
gros, #z., main part ; en — ,
wholesale, taken together.
groseille, /., currant ; gooseber-
grossi-er, -ère, coarse, rough.
grossièreté,/., coarseness, gross-
grossir, to enlarge, increase.
grouper, to group.
guèbre, m.,/., guebre {fire-xvor-
shipper).
guenille,/., rag.
guère (ne . . . — ), not much,
not very, hardly.
guerre,/., war.
guerri-er, -ère, warlike, warrior.
guet, m., watch.
guetter, to watch for.
gueux, m., beggar, knave.
guider, to guide, guinguette,/., suburban public-
house.
guirlande,/., garland.
guise, /., manner, way ; en —
de, by way of, as.
[' indicates an aspira te initial A]
habile, able, clever.
habileté,/, ability.
habillement, m., clothing.
habiller, to dress.
habit, m., coat, dress, clothes ;
— habillé, dress-coat, full
dress.
habitant, m., inhabitant.
habiter, to inhabit.
habitude, /., habit, use, custom,
(familiarity).
habitué, -e, m.,/., fréquenter, habituer, to habituate, ac-
custom.
'hache,/., axe.
'hacher, to chop, hash.
'haie, /., hedge ; Une; faire la
— , to stand aside, in line.
'haillon, w., rag.
'haine,/, hatred.
'haïr, to hâte, 'halle,/, market; dames de la
— , market-women.
'hameau, m,, hamlet.
'hardi, -e, bold, daring.
'harengère, /., herring-woman,
fish-wife.
VOCABULARY
'hasard, #z., hazard, chance; au
— , at random.
'hasarder, to hazard, venture.
'hâte,/., haste.
'hausser, to raise ; to rise.
'haut, -e, high, higher, upper,
loud ; en — , upstairs.
'hauteur,/., height.
'hâve, emaciated, wan.
'héraut, m., herald, herbe,/., grass.
hériter, to inherit.
hériti-er, -ère, m.,/., heir, heir-
ess.
'héros, m., hero.
hésiter, to hesitate.
heure, /., hour ; o'clock ;' de
bonne — , in good time, early;
tout à 1' — , presently, by and
by ; just now ; not long ago.
heureu-x, -se, happy.
'heurter, to strike against ; to
shock, clash with ; — de front,
to dash headlong against.
'hideu-x, -se, hideous".
hier, yesterday.
histoire,/., history, story.
historiette, /., little or pretty
story.
histrion, m., stage-player.
hiver, m., winter.
'hobereau, m., country-squire.
hommage, m., homage.
homme, m., man ; — fait, grown
man.
honnête, honest ; well-bred,
polite.
honneur, m., nonor.
'honte, /., shame ; mauvaise
— , bashfulness.
hôpital, m., hospital ; mettre à
1' — , to beggar, send to the
workhouse.
horloge,/., clock.
horloger, m., clock-maker.
horreur,/., horror. 'hors, out; beyond; except.
hospitali-er, -ère, hospitable.
hôte, m., host; guest.
hôtel, m., hôtel ; town-mansion.
'houille,/., coal.
huile,/, oil.
huissier, m., usher; door-keeper; bailiff.
'huit, eight; — jours, (a) week.
humain, -e, human ; humane.
humeur, /., humor ; temper ; de mauvaise — , in bad humor.
humilier, to humiliate.
humilité,/., humility.
'hurler, to howl.
'hussard, m., hussar.
hypothèque,/, mortgage.
hypothéquer, to mortgage.
ici, hère.
idée, /., idea; venir à 1' — , to occur to.
idiome, m., language.
idole,/., idol.
idylle,/, idyl.
if, m., yew-tree.
ignorer, to be ignorant of, not to know.
île,/, island.
illimité, -e, unlimited.
illustre, illustrious.
illustrer, to illustrate.
imbroglio, m., imbroglio, entanglement.
imbu, -e, imbued.
imiter, to imitate.
immanquable, inévitable, certain.
immobile, motionless.
immoler, to immolate.
I immonde, unclean, foui.
I immuable, immutable.
impie, impious.
| impoli, -e, impolite.
; importer, to import ; to be important; to matter.
I imposer, to tax.
VOCABULARY
imposition,/., tax. impôt, ;//., tax ; taxation, imprévu, -e, unforeseen, un-
expected.
imprimé, -e, printed.
imprimer, to imprint ; to print ;
to impart.
impuissance, /., powerlessness.
impuissant, -e, powerless ; impotent, impulsion,/., impulse.
impunément, with impunity.
incendie, m., conflagration, incessamment, incessantly.
incliner, to incline, bow down.
inclure, to include.
incommode, inconvénient ; un-
comfortable.
incompl-et, -ète, incomplète, inconnu, -e, unknown.
inconvenant, -e, improper.
inconvénient, m., inconvenience;
disadvantage ; objection, incroyable, incredible.
inculte, uncultivated ; rude, incurie,/., carelessness.
Inde,/., India.
indécence,/, impropriety.
indécis, -e, undecided.
indéfini, -e, indefinite ; unlimit-
ed.
indice, m., indication, indigène, indigenous.
indigner, to make indignant.
indiquer, to indicate.
individu, m., individual.
Indoustan, Hindoustan.
industrie, /., industry ; cun-
ning tricks.
industriel, -le, industrial, manu-
facturing, commercial, inébranlable, unshakable.
inégalité,/, inequality.
inépuisable, inexhaustible.
inertie,/, inertia.
infaillible, infallible.
infâme, infamous.
infatigable, indefatigable.
infatuer, to infatuate.
infini, -e, infinité.
in-folio, m., folio (book).
informe, unformed, imperfect.
ingénier (s'), to tax one's in-
genuity.
ingénieur, m., engineer.
ingénu, -e, ingenuous, simple-
minded.
ingrat, -e, ungrateful ; stérile, inhabitable, uninhabitable.
inimitié,/, enmity.
inique, iniquitous.
injure, /., injury ; insuit, outrage, injurier, to insuit, inné, -e, innate.
innombrable, innumerable, num-
berless.
inondation,/, inundation, over-
flow.
inonder, to inundate.
inqui-et, -ète, uneasy, anxious,
restless.
inquiéter, to dîsquiet, alarm,
make uneasy.
inscrire, to inscribe; to register.
insensé, -e, mad; senseless. insérer, to insert, insigne, signal, insinuer, to insinuate.
insolvable, insolvent.
insouciance, /., carelessness,
heedlessness.
insouciant, -e, careless, reck-
less.
inspirer, to inspire; to instil.
instituer, to institute; to es-
tablish.
institu-teur, -trice, m,,/., teach-
er.
instruction,/, éducation.
instruire, to instruct, educate. ♦ instrumenter, to proceed.
insu (à 1' — de), unknown to.
insuffisance, /., insufficiency ;
inadequacy.
intempérie,/, inclemency.
VOCABULARY
intendant, m., steward; superintendent; chief officer; commissioner ; intendant; lieutenant governor ; commissary.
interdire, to interdict, forbid.
intéresser, to interest.
intérêt, m., interest; self interest; selfishness.
intérieur, -e, interior; m., home.
intermédiaire, intermédiare; intervening.
interne, internai.
interprète, m.,/., interpréter.
interroger, to interrogate.
intervenir, to intervene.
intervertir, to invert
intime, intimate ; inmost ; Personal.
intimité,/., ïntimacy.
introduire, to introduce.
introniser, to enthrone.
inutile, useless.
inventaire, m., inventory.
inverse, inverse; contrary.
invraisemblable, unlikely, improbable.
irréfléchi, -e, unreflecting.
irriter, to irritate : to excite.
isolement, m., isolation.
isoler, to isolate.
issu, -e, sprung, born.
issue, /"., issue, outlet, escape; means.
ivresse,/., intoxication.
ivrogne, drunken; m., drunkard.
jabot, m., {of skirts) frill.
jachère,/., fallow land.
jade, m., jade, axe-stone.
•jadis, of old, formerly.
jaillir, to gush; to burst out
to rlash.
jalousie,/, jealousy.
jalou-x, -se, jealous.
jamais, ever: never.
janvier, m., January.
jardin, m., garden.
jardinier, m., gardener.
jaune, yellow.
jet, m., jet; gush; stream , —
d'eau, fountain.
jeter, to throw.
jeu, m., play; game; gaming.
jeune, young.
jeûne, m., fasting.
jeûner, to fast.
jeunesse,/, youth.
joie,/, joy.
joindre, to join, add.
joli, -e, pretty.
jouer, to play; to gamble; to
make game of.
jouet, m., plaything.
joug, m., yoke.
jouir, to enjoy.
jouissance,/, enjoyment: possession; use. jour, m., day; daylight : light;
au — le — , from hand to
mouth : grand — , broad dav-
light.
journal, m., journal; newspaper.
journali-er, -ère, daily; m.,/.,
day-laborer.
journée,/, day.
journellement,' daily.
joute,/, joust; tilt, jucher, to perch.
juge, m., judge.
juger, to judge.
juillet, m., July.
juin, m., Tune.
jurer, to swear. [bunal.
juridiction, /., jurisdiction; trijurisconsulte, m., jurisconsult,
jurist.
jusque, as far as; until; even;
up to; jusqu'ici, as far as
tins ; hitherto.
justaucorps, m., jerkin, jacket,
vest.
juste, just; right; exactly ; ac-
curately.
VOCABULARY
