château de la Pénissière : see note p

,, 19. pantalons rouges, ' red breeches' (worn by the French infantry).

,, 25. les Templiers chantant sur le bûcher : the ' Templars,' an order of knighthood founded in 11 18 for the defence of the Temple of Jérusalem. They wore a white robe with a red cross, and were bound never to refuse to iight even against superior odds. In 1307 Philippe IV. (i. e. Philippe le Bel), hoping to get hold of their riches, tried to suppress them. They were accused of ail kinds of crimes, tortured, and brought to the stake, soine of them dying fearlessly

Notes 123

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and singing in the midst of tortures. The ' Order of the

Templars ' was finally suppressed by Pope Clément V. in

1312, and Philippe IV. seized most of their wealth and

property.

95. 10. à la blancheur : a dative of relation very comnion in

French.

,, 22. qu'il ouvrit lui-même. i.e. ' which he began (to dig)

himself. ' 97. 2. faubourg Saint - Germain : a quarter in Paris w hère the

old French aristocracy réside.