Aussi trouva-t-il, E.B. 11 a

1. 10. constantes, not in the common English sense, but rather 'steady,' 'persevering,' as we speak of 'constant' affection.

1. 20. durant des années entières, rather an exaggeration ; during most of the time in question Collingwood was employed off the coasts of Spain and Sicily and in the Dardanelles.

1. 22. Grotius (1583 — 1643), a Dutchman by birth, who, strange to say, was at home in almost every country of Europe but his own. He is famous as the founder of the science of International Law. His great work is De Jure Belli et Pacis.

1. 27. c'est qu'il était, ' it was as much as to say that it was English.' C'est que before a past tense is used where we should prefer 'it was.' " C'est au nom de la foi et de la liberté religieuse qu'a commencé le mouvement..." Guizot.

1. 32. l'Europe une forteresse, alluding to the 'Continental System," the attempt to boycott England by means of the Berlin Decrees (1806). By these decrees all correspondence with England was forbidden, every

British subject found in countries occupied by French troops was to be made a prisoner of war, and so on. A subsequent decree, that of Fontainebleau in 1810, actually ordered that all English manufactures found in France or any country under French influence should be publicly burnt.

1. 35. qui marchaient, 'walking.' E.B. 191, Obs. 2. This construction is very common where no special stress is laid on the verb (marchaient).

1. 36. une rage.... Perhaps 'so fierce a passion preyed upon my heart (vitals).'

1. 37. cale, 'hold of a ship.' The word cale has several meanings associated with different roots. Besides the hold of a ship, it means (1) a sloping beach, (2) a creek (obsolete), (3) a wedge, (4), a kind of cap, &c. The expression 'à fond de cale' is often used metaphorically to mean 'hard up.'

Page 40.

1. 7. usait. Difference between user with accusative and genitive?

1.8. Il en fatigua sept. Between 1803 and his death in 1810, Collingwood hoisted his flag on the Venerable, Culloden, Dreadnought, Royal Sovereign, Euryalus, Ocean, Ville de Paris.