marque chaque faute d'un coup d'ongle in

cisif et net, places an incisive and clear-cut mark upon every error.

31. Il était tout puissant, etc., he was very influential, io the great préjudice of his colleagues and of science ; i. e., as he knew nothing — was a misérable scholar— his influence was harmful to those of his colleagues who had real attainments, and to the cause of knowledge.

135.— 1. il a soutenu très convenablement sa thèse, he has defended his thesis very well. An elaborate defenee of their thèses, often occupying many hours, in the présence of several of the professors, often a severe ordeal, is required of students in France before receiving their degrees.