Defence of Usury^ letter XIII ; Bowring, vol. III, p

2. W. ofN. Book IV, chap. ix; éd. Thorold Rogers, vol. II, p. 273. — Cf. book V, chap. i, Part III; vol. II, p. 305 : The third and last duty of the sovereign or commoovealth is that of erecting and maiotaining those public institutions and those public works, which, though they may be in the highest degree advantageous to a great society, are, however, of such a nature, that the profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, and which it, Iherefore, cannot be expectcd that any individual or small number of individuals should erect or main tain.

3. Lectures on Justice j Police j Revenue and Amis, delivered in the University of Glasgow, by Adam Smith, reported by a student in 1763, and edited with an introduction and notes by Edwin Cannan, Oxford, 1896. Sur la date du cours, v. introd. pp. XIX-XX.

4. Lectures, p. 169: Man... works on the self-love of his fellows, by setting before them a sufficient temptation to get whal he wanta. The language of this disposition is « Give me whal I want, and you shall hâve what you want ». It is not from benevolence... but from self-love that man expects anything. The brewer and the bakcr serve us not from bene-

(Pp. 161-162) NOTES. 335

volence, but from self-lore. No man but a bepgar dépends on b*»ncvt»l«ince, and even they would die in a week were their entire dependence upon it.

5. Lectures^ pp. 9 sqq. Deux principes, selon d'Adam Smith, rendent compte de Torigine des gouvernements : le principe de Futilité et le principe d'autorité (respect du plus fort, du plus âgé, du plus riche). — Principe lui-même émané « from our sympathy with our supcriors : being greater than that with our equals oi* inferioi*s : we admire their happy situation, enter into it with pleasure, aud endeavour to promotc it ». — p. 136 : Injury naturally excites the l'cscntment of the spectator, and the punishment of the offender is reasonable as far as the indiffèrent spectator can go along with it. This is the natural measure of punishment. It is to be observed that our first approbation of punishment is not founded upon the regard to public utility whicU is commonly taken to be the foundation of it. It is our sympathy with the resentment of the sufferer which is the real principe.