PrincipleSy pp. 204 sqq

33. PrincipkSf pp. 72 8<|q. — La théorie est considérée par les disciples de Ricardo comme constituant une de ses grandes inventions. Y. par exemple, Westminster RevieWy no. V, janv. 1825, art. IX, p. 218 : We bave been accustomed to believe that political eoonomy which was left, even by Adam Smith, in a state of great vagueness and uncertainty, had been raised to the rank of a science chiefly by three disooveries : the principle of poptUaiion, the theory of rent, and Mr. Ricardo's theory of fbreign commerce (Fartide est de Stuart Mill;, — no. XXVII, janv. 1831, art. VI, p. 135: ... the disoovery of the spinning jenny by Arkwright; that of the safety lamp by Davy ; the principle of population by Malthus or that of foreign trade by Ricardo. ~ Torrens ftit un instant tenté cTaecuser Ricardo de plagiat (v. Ricardo à Trower, 23 août 1817], et Staart Mill (Put. Ec, Book III, chap. xvii, § 2), lui a attribué Thonneur #^voir découvert la théorie. Il est bien vrai que Torrens, dans son Essay on the exêemal corn tradcy p. 181, avait écrit : « When, in average years, the pricc of com is comparatively lower in one country than it is, in such yrars, in anether; or whîle this other country has comparatively lower something else, then the one will permanently export, and the other permanently import, subsistance. For example : while Poland can raise fom oomparativdy eheaper than England, or England prépare cloth comiiaratively cheai)er than Poland, the latter, nnless some violent interférence should prevent it, will become an exporting, and the former an importing, country (1" éd., p. 38. ~ Cf. p. 48) ». Mais Torrens n^avait pas aperçu que sa théorie impliquait Tîntroduction d*un mobile économique nouveau; ce qui le prouve, c'est qu'il écrit (p. 25): «On the very same principle that we should give freedom to the internai trade in corn, we should also give it to the external trade ». Ce sont, tout au contraire, dans la théorie de Torrens et de Ricardo, des^ principes différents qui fondent le libre échange intérieur et le libre

396 NOTES. (Pp. 24-34)

échange extérieur. — Stuart Mil! emprunte à la langue de Bentham Fadjectif « international ».

34. Principles p. 149. — Cf. p. 77 : the natural disinclinatioa which every man has to quit the country of his birth and conneiions.