Moral and Political Philosophy f Book VI, chap. xi

40. Pol. Just. y Book VIII, chap. vm, (2 e éd. vol. II, p. 493 sqq.).

41. Pol. Just.y 2 # éd., vol. II, p. 481: Leisure will be multiplied; and the leisure of a cultivated understanding is the précise period in which great designs, designs the tendency of which is to secure applause and esteem, are conceived. — Enquirer, of Riches and Poverty, p. 167 : Is there not a state of society practicable, in which leisure shall be made the inheritance of every one of its members?— Of Avarice and Profusion: If the labour necessarily required to produce them were equitably divided among ail, each man's share of labour would be light, and his portion of leisure would be ample. There was a time, when this leisure would hâve been of small comparative value. It is to be hoped that the time will corne, when it will be applied to the most important purposes.

— V. encore/Pof. Just. } Book VIII, chap. vm : The object in the présent state of society is to multiply labour; in another state it will be to simplify it. — There will be a division of labour , if we compare the society in question with the state of the solitaire and the savage, but it will produce an extensive simplification of labour, if we compare it with that to which we are at présent accustomed in civilised Europe.

— Eden (Stats ofthe Poor, vol. I, pp. 435 sqq.) sMnspire visiblement de Godwin, tout en faisant des réserves sur le côté utopique de sa doctrine.

— De même, lord Lauderdale, dans an Inquiry into the nature and origin of public wealth, and into the means and causes of its increase, 1804. V. le chapitre qu'il consacre à démontrer que le progrès de Tin-

dustrie est défini par la substitution du capital au travail, et non pas par le progrès de la division du travail. Lauderdale avait été unjdes chefs de la faction jacobine.

42. Holyoake, Sixty years of an agilalor's life, vol. I, p. 116. Sur les idées de Holcroft, v. ses romans philosophiques, Anna Saint- Ives, 1792; Hugh Trevor, 1794-1797, et Menioirs of the laie Thomas Holcroft, written by himself, and continuée to the tirae of his death, from his diary, notes, and other papers, London, 1816 (par W. Hazlitt), en particulier Book VI, chap. i and h; vol. H, pp. 103 sqq. — Ces idées sont identiques aux idées de Godwin. — Pourrait-on admettre que Holcroft ait été l'inspirateur de Godwin lui-même? Sur les relations de Holcroft avec Godwin, sur l'influence exercée par Holcroft sur Godwin, v. Kegan Paul, William Godwin, his life and friends, passim.

43. Owen paraît même avoir emprunté à Godwin l'évaluation du temps de travail quotidien (une demi-heure), que chacun devra donner, pour que tous soient nourris, dans le « nouveau monde moral ».