en bloc, 'in the lump', i.e. 'as they stand

1. 14. r intendance russe, ' the Russian administration or commissariat'. Obs. russe is hère adj. and therefore with a small r.

1. 20. quels braillards! 'what brawlers!' The suffi.K a)-d in adjs. derived from verbs dénotes dépréciation ; cp. criard hom crier.

1. 24. Alexandre-Basilo7vitche Soinvoroiv. Pierre Alexis Wasiltowich, Count Suwarroff, was born in «730 at Suskoi in the Ukraine, and so was already 69 years of âge when he took the field against the French in 1799. At the âge of 17 he entered the army and made his hrst campaign against the Svvedes in 1748. In 1768 he commanded a brigade which, in the first Polish war, took Crakow by assault. When the Turkish war broke out in 1773 he was entrusted with the command of a separate corps with which he attacked and beat the enemy in two encounters. War having again broken out with tlie Turks, in 1785, he gained a victory over them at ICinburn and a still more brilliant one at Foxhani, in 1789. Shortly after, the Turks, having received reinforcemcnts, again took the field, but Suwarroff, falling upon them unexpectedly at Kymnik, defeated them completely. The victorious Russians then invested Isiiuûl and carried it by storm (Dec. 1789), afler a dreadful struggle in which 12,000 of the victors, and 24,000 of the vanquished fell. The conquest of Poland ending with the sack and burning of Praga, the eastern suburb of Warsaw (Nov. 1794), was Suwarroff's next achievement, one however which has left a dark spot on his memory ; the carnage was terrifie, ic,ooo Polish soldiers fell on the spot, and above 12,000 citizens of every âge and sex were put to the sword.

1. 37. dcscciuirez-vou!!, canailles l 'Will you come down, scamps!' Canaille, 'rabble', from Ital. canaglia is a doublet oi chicnailU. 1.38. se sauvent, 'run away'.

Page 4.

1. 10. louées. Met'. Tre veib loue7-, 'to let', is from the Lat. loeare, wliile louer, 'to praise', is from laiulare.

1. 22. tenez là, 'just there'. The imperative of tenir [tiens, tenez), like that of aller {va, allons), is often used adverbially in the sensé of 'indeed', 'forsooth', 'well then', 'look you', etc.

1. 24. la sainte Madone vous entende = ' May it only prove as you sny!'; lit. "May the Holy Virgin hear you!"

1. 26. qî(el ennui, 'what bother'; ennui, formerly en ni, is deriveil from Lat. in odio, and had originally the meaning of 'hatred', 'annoyance'.

1. 31. en costiwie d'étnigré, ' dressed as one of the emigrant nobility '. The term émigré was applied to ail who left France at the outbreak of the Révolution and flocked to Coblenz, where they intrigued and plotted, but accomplished nothing.

1. 38. monsieur le comte, ' Sir Count '. Note that Monsieur {:=Monseigneicr) is used as a polite prefix with titles and even with common nouns, e.g. Monsieur votre père; this applies also to Madame and Âlademoiselle.

Page 5.

1. 10. de front...'- m front, while we shall attack him from behind'. Sec Introduction, p. vii.

1. 22. quant aux bagages, 'as for the baggage'. Note the différence between quant, 'as far as concerns' (Lat. quantum se. pertiiu't), and quand, 'when' (Lat. quando).

1. 23. ils fderont, 'they will move off'. Filer, v. a. is 'to spin'; filer, V. n. is ' to be off', ' to make off'.