Madame Milin était-elle aimée de tous

I . Praskovia was dissuaded by the peasants from continuîng her journey on foot (24 30). 2. I must show you the danger in this (31). 3. The wind and snow hâve obliterated the roads (25 i). Did they know that the wind and snow had obliterated the roads ? 4. I shall not allow myself to be cheated by thèse peasants (26 10). I fear that he allows himself to be cheated by everybody. 5. This lady was praised by the whole city (28). 6. They were known and loved by ail because they did so much good to the poor (29). 7. The truth should be loved by ail (31). 8. She was obliged by her hostess to look for another lodging (33). 9. This is what is called an inn (33). What is your name (how do you call yourself)? My name is Charles.

Dont; see Vocabulary. Mettre; see Vocabulaiy.

I . Voulez- vous faire un récit de ce que nous venons de lire aujourd'hui ? Employez le mot " dont " dans ce que vous dites. 2. Qui était cette dame Milin dont tout le monde connaissait la bonté ? 3. Dites-moi toutes les significations que vous save? du mot " mettre,'*

** se mettre,*' et " mis." 4. Les dames qu'on voit dans les rues sontelles toujours bien mises {weil dressed)} 5. Serait-ce agréable d'être mis à la porté ? 6. Pourquoi Madame Milin, chez qui Prascovie est entrée, a-t-elle voulu s'amuser un instant de son embarras ?

I. " I will begin by going to church," said Praskovia, " where I shall see more people dian I bave ever seen before " (27 9). 2. As I came out of the church, a lady, whose hospitality and charity were known to ail, asked me who I was (13, 17). 3. Madame Milin told Praskovia that the lady of whom she spoke was not so kind as she had imagined, and that if she would take her word for it and go with her, she would get her a much better home (22). 4. This lady is very well dressed ; I do not fear that she will be tumed out of doors, but I am not sure of it. 5. They were just about to sit down to dinner when I arrived. 6. They will send for my friend so that you and she can begin to make plans as to how you can be of service to Praskovia (28 1 2). 7. Did she think that the cold had become too severe for her to continue her joumey (22) ?

I. Qu'est-ce qui faisait désirer l'instruction à Prascovie? 2. Pourquoi pensait-elle que les gens du monde étaient heureux? 3. Voulezvous décrire les monts Ourals? Le fleuve Tobol? Le fleuve Volga? 4. Décrivez l'accident arrivé à Prascovie qui lui a fait courir les plus grands dangers. 5. En arrivant à Nijeni Novogorod, pourquoi Prascovie s'est-elle rendue à l'église ?

I. Thèse ladies thought that they ought to do everything in their power to dissuade her (80 1). 2. I will provide yoii with everything you need (12). Hâve you ever3rthing you need? I hope they bave ever3rthing they need. 3. Opposite the bridge where I disembarked were a church and a couvent (81 23). 4. They were situated upon a hill. I thought I would go there to say my prayers (25). 5. Then I must go and look for a lodging somewhere in the dty (26). 6. The church seemed to me to be empty as I entered it ; but through the grille I heard the nuns singing (28). Hâve you ever heard them sing? I should like to hear them sing. 7. She feared that she would never find such friends as tbose she had lef t (82 23).

I . Voulez-vous raconter les événements de la leçon que nous venons de traduire {translate)} 2. Pourquoi Prascovie est-elle rentrée dans réglise? 3. Qu'a-t-elle dit à la portière? Que lui a répondu la portière? 4. Pourquoi Prascovie a-t-elle promis de demeurer quelques jours a Nijeni? £!tait-elle bien malade? 5. Les médecins qu*est-ce quUls ont dit de sa maladie? 6. Comment a-t-elle fait le voyage à Moscou ? 7. Que lui a donné Tabbesse ?

I. She thought that she ought to reënter the church (83 2). Did she reënter it ? 2. The nun said that she would conduct her to the abbess ; but since the abbess was engaged in prayer, she said that they must stop near the door of her room and kneel (23). 3. The abbess wished her to tell her name and the object of her joumey (29). 4. Several nuns approached Praskovia, and asked her many questions to which she replied simply (27, 32). 5. She hoped that it might be the will of Providence that she should end her days there (84 20). 6. If such had been the will of Providence, the abbess would not hâve opposed it (20). 7. The physicians did not believe that she would recover (28, 32). They feared that she would not recover. 8. Did she believe that she would accomplish her undertaking (31)? I should not hâve believed it. 9. I wish you would give me a letter of recommendation to one of your friends (85 16).

I. Avec qui Prascovie est-elle partie pour Pétersbourg? 2. Combien de temps est-elle restée en route? 3. Où se trouve Vassili Ostroff? 4. Pourquoi Prascovie ne pouvait-elle se rendre chez cette amie de Madame de G***? 5. Que lui a-t-on très mal à propos conseillé de faire? 6. Munie de sa supplique, que fait Prascovie au sénat? 7. Avait^Ue beaucoup de succès?

I. If the merchant had been occupied with his business, he would scarcely hâve thought of Praskovia (86 6). 2. If he had not been obliged to leave for Riga, he would hâve found the résidence of the princess for her (7). 3. They ought not to hâve advised her to give a pétition to the senate (19). 4. Your letter might bave been much

more useful to you if you had delivered ît (27). 5. The secretary whom I approached glanced at me and then began to write again (32). 6. When the old guard asked me what I wanted, I offered him my pétition, begging him to give it to the senate(379). 7. They had much trouble to make me understand that I should hâve offered my pétition to one of thèse men (26). 8. I hope that we did not meet without seeing each other (88 20).

I. Prascovie que faisait-elle pendant les fêtes de Pâques? 2. Que savez-vous de Pierre le Grand ? 3. Tandis qu'elle examinait la statue de Pierre le Grand, sa compagne qu'est-ce qu'elle a fait observer à Prascovie? Où l'a-t-elle conduite? 4. Prascovie était-elle bien aise de faire la connaissance de Madame de L***? 5. M. de L*** que va-t-il faire pour Prascovie? 6. Pourquoi peut-il mieux l'aider dans cette affaire que personne ?

I. Her friend thought that she ought to be quite discouraged with so many useless attempts (89 14). 2. I wish you had called my attention to the fact that the bridge has been replaced (29). 3. If you had -had your letter of recommendation with you, I should hâve taken you to her door (32). 4. He told her that no one could hâve been of more assistance to her in this matter than himself (40 20). 5. Just as I was about to speak of this relative he appeared in the dining-room (30). 6. If I were you, I should apply to the emperor directly (41 8). 7. You hâve done more for me than I ought to hâve asked of you (20). They hâve not done so much for me as I should hâve asked of them. 8. She had not yet found the princess, for whom she had a letter of recommendation (42 i).

I . Pourquoi Prascovie a-t-elle quitté la maison du marchand ? 2. Depuis quand était-elle à Pétersbourg ? 3. Lorsqu'on est arrivé chez la princesse, Prascovie qu'est-ce qu'elle a fait en voyant le portier? 4. Savez-vous ce que c'est que le jeu de boston ? 5. Décrivez la vie dé Prascovie chez la princesse. 6. M. V*** qu'a-t-il promis de faire pour elle ?

I . The princess asked her if she had a letter for her (42 28). 2. Unfortunately àhe did not hâve the letter ready (30). She ought to hâve had it ready. 3. I don't believe that I recognize you (48 4). I should not hâve believed that I could recognize him. 4. You would hâve been more at ease in this house if you had made the acquaintance of those who occupy it (20); 5. I sent word to them to call at my house (446). 6. We met each other for the first time this moming (17). 7. I shall order that she be presented this evening at eight o*clock (45 i). 8. I hope that you will not tum pale and come near fainting (3). 9. They ought to hâve shown more gratitude (8). 10. She said that we were the only ones that were worthy to do this (11).

I. Comment Prascovie était-elle habillée lorsqu'elle est allée à la cour ? A qui pensait-elle en s'approchant du palais impérial ? 2. Comment l'impératrice Pa-t-elle reçue? Que désirait-elle connaître? 3. Prascovie était-elle contente de sa présentation? 4. Quelle sorte d*homme M. de K***, ministre de Pin teneur, était-il ? 5. Cette faveur générale dont Prascovie jouissait influait-elle sur sa manière d*être?

I. Why did Praskovia ask no questions about the manner in which she was to be presented (45 21)? 2. She said that she was convinced of her father's innocence (28). Was the empress convinced of it? 3. The success which she bas had ought to give her friends the greatest pleasure (46 1 1). 4. When I awoke the next day, I could not believe that it was not a dream (29). 5. The emperor and the empress will receive Praskovia, and they will give orders for the revision of her father's trial (47 8, 1 1). 6. If you had been really simple and unpretentious, no effort on your part to appear so would bave been necessary (48 4). 7. He ought not to bave asked why her father had been condemned to exile (11). 8. Do you believe that her father was guilty (16)? 9. Ought a father ever to be guilty in the eyes of his daughter (16)?

I. Prascovie aimait-elle les éloges qu'on lui prodiguait? 2, Comment passait-elle le temps dans la capitale en attendant le décret de

rappel de son père ? 3. Qu*a-t-elle dit en voyant le trône de Tempereur? 4. Voulez-vous décrire PEnnitage? Qui a fait bâtir le petit Ermitage? 5. Que pensait Prascovie des tableaux à TErmitage?

I . She had cohceived a particular affection for two ladies of the court (48 32). 2. They asked her one day if she would like to see the interior of the palace (33). I should like to hâve seen it. 3. Hère is the emperor^s throne. Do you wish me to approach it (49 17)? 4. Why should one paint things that do not exist, as if the real were lacking (60 15)? 5. She hoped that she might forget nothing that she had heard and had been able to understand (26). 6. When she was asked if she did not désire something for herself , she replied that she would ask one more favor of the emperor (61 1 7). 7. Don*t you remember (se souyenir to remember) that on my departure from Siberia thèse men offered me a few kopecks (24) ? 8. I hâve now obtained everytfaing I wanted. I must think of fulfilling my vows (30).

I. Prascovie, après avoir obtenu tout ce qu'elle désirait à Pétersbourg, que voulait-eUe faire? 2. Que savez-vous de Tempereur Alexandre l^? 3. Pourquoi le sort de Lopouloff et de sa femme était-il devenu encore plus cruel après qu'Alexandre l^ est monté sur le trône? 4. Qui était Pougatcheff? 5. Quelle était la bonne nouvelle qu'ont reçue les deux malheureux amis de Lopouloff? 6. Décrivez la scène lorsque le feldiègre est arrivé.

I. If Alexander I should ascend the throne, a large number of prisoners would be recalled ; but if Lopulof and his wife should not be among their number, their f ate would become still more cruel (62 6). 2. Among ail my acquaintances you are the only ones that hâve taken any interest in my daughter's fate (31). 3. I wish you to accept my offer ; I am sure you hâve need of it (68 4). 4. We had to leave early the next day, and therefore went to bed early (26). 5. I had hardly fallen asleep when I heard some one knock at my door (28). I don't think that any one knocked. Did you think that some one knocked ? 6. If you had been there could you hâve described the situation? I dQ not think so, No tongue couW bîivç dçsçribed it (64 13).

I . Voulez-vous faire le rédt de ce que nous venons de lire ? 2» Les parents de Prascovie que font-ils en voyant leur fille en habit religieux ? Décrivez la scène. 3. Pourquoi la mère de Prascovie était-elle inconso* lable ? 4. Que Prascovie promit-elle à ses parents en prenant congé d'eux? 5. Décrivez la situation du couvent de Nijeni. 6. Cette situation était-elle favorable pour le genre de maladie qu'avait Prascovie ?

I. Did she know that the abbess had news of her father (66 12)? Did she hâve any news of him ? 2. Why did they keep the arrivai secret from her father and mother (21)? 3. Ought you to hâve kept this secret from me ? I am sorry (je regrette) that they hâve kept this secret from us. 4. I wish you would promise to come and visit me (66 26). We wished to visit them. They wished us to visit them. 5. She was so overcome with émotion that «he was obliged to lean against the grille (67 7). 6. Did they know that they had seen their daughter for the last time (14)? We hope that we hâve not seen you for the last time. 7. I fear that her health will not be able to endure this life (19).

I . Décrivez la rencontre entre Prascovie et la pauvre fille assise sur les marches de l'escalier. 2. Décrivez la physionomie et la taille de Prascovie. 3. Connaissait-elle la nature et tous les dangers de sa maladie? 4. Pourquoi Prascovie est-elle restée à Novogorod au lieu de retourner à Nijeni? 5. Que pensez-vous de l'histoire de la jeune Sibérienne?

I. Do you think that the abbess will take Praskovia to St. Petersburg with her (67 26) ? 2. I fear that you do not understand the nature of your illness (68 12). 3. Before leaving the city you ought to hâve taken leave of your friends, ought you not (19)? 4. I must hâve a small house built (69 27). I should like to hâve you build a house for me. 5. I fear that the physicians hâve despaired of my life (60 3). 6. Next spring I should like to visit my parents in Vladimir, and I want you to go with me (18). 7. She did not wish to sing. She did not wish her friend to sing (61 10). 8. It was thought that çhe died while crossing herself (18^.

VOCABULARY

Note. Names of persons, and names of places found in the Notes, are not given in the Vocabulary.

a see avoir

à to, at, in, of, by, for, on

abandon m, abandonment, destitution, isolation

abandonner to give up, forsake, leave; s'abandonner à to give way to, give one's self up to, indulge in

abbesse /. abbess

abîme m. abyss

abondance /. abundance

abondant -e abundant, copions, heavy

abord m, approach, arrivai ; au premier abord at first, from the first

aborder to approach

abri m, shelter

absence /. absence

absenter (s') to absent one's self, be absent

absolu -e absolute, arbitrary, peremptôry

absolument absolutely, positively

abuser to abuse, delude, violate

acajou m. mahogany

accabler to crush, overwhelm, overcome, exhaust

accepter to accept

accès m, seizure, fit, frenzy

accident m. accî^'^ent, mistake, error

accompagner to accompany

accomplir to accomplish,fulfill, carry out

accomplissement m. fulfiUment, accomplishment

accord m. accord, consent

accorder to give, grant; s'accorder to harmonize ; s'accorder avec to agrée with, be suited to

accoster to accost

accoutumé -e accustomed, usual

accoutumer (s') to become accustomed

accraupir (s') to squat, crouch

accueil m. réception, greeting, welcome

accueillir (accueillant, accueilli, accueille, accueillis) to receive

accuser to accuse

acheminer (s') to set out, go, go on, go forward

acheter to buy

achever to finish, accomplish, end ; to pay

acquérir (acquérant, acquis, acquiers, acquis) to acquire

acquis see acquérir

actif -ve active

action f. action, deed; actions de grftces prayers of thanksgivîng

activité / dispatch, bustle, promptness

adieu -z m, good-by, farewell; faire adieu to bid farewell

admirer to admire, wonder at

adresse /. address

adresser to address, send; s'adresser à to address one's self to, apply to, speak to, ask

alEable affable, cordial

affaiblir (s' ) to become weaker, grow worse

aifaire f. affair, matter, business, undertaking ; ponr affaire de commerce on business ; pour des affaires de service on business of the service

affecté -e affected, moved

affection /. affection

affectueux -se affectionate, kînd

affeimir to make firmer, make stronger

affreux -se frightful, terrible, awful

afin de in order to

afin que in order that

âge m, âge, old âge

âgé -e old

agir to act, do ; il s'agit it concems, it is about, it is a question

agiter to agitate, move, disturb

agonisant -e dying

agréable agreeable, pleasant

agréablement agreeably, pleasantly

agréer to accept ; to please

ah ah

aider to aid, assist, help

aigle m, eagle

aigre sour

ailleurs (d') besîdes

aimable amiable, gentle, pleasant

aimer to like, love

ainsi thus, so ; ainsi que as, as also,

as well as air m, air, look, appearance, manner aise /. ease aisé -e easy ait see avoir ajouter to add alarmer to alarm, f righten ; s'alarmer

to become frightened allemand -e German aller (allant, allé, vais, allais) to go ;

to fit; to be on the point of, be

about, be going ; aller chercher to

go and look for, go for ; aller se

coucher to go to bed ; s'en aller

to go away allons corne 1 / alors then, at that time altéré -e altered, changed ; d'une

voix altérée with faltering voice altérer to alter, change alternative /. altemation âme /. soûl, spirit amener to bring, bring about, bring

to pass ; to draw amèrement bitterly ami -e friendly, kind ami -e m. and f, friend amicalement in a friendly manner amitié /. friendship, kindness amour m. love amuser to amuse ; s'amuser de to

be amused by, find pleasure in an m. year analogie /. analogy, similarity,

something in common analogue similar, analogous analyser to analyze ancien -ne old, late, former

VOCABULARY

anéantir to annihilate, crash, banish

an«odoto f, anecdote

anf» m, angel

anglais -• English

angle m, angle, corner

angoisse /. anguish

animal -aux «i. animal

animer to animate, fiU, encourage

vossAm f, year

annoncer to announce, tell, f oretell ; to bespeak

anxiété /. anxiety ; aTOC anxiété anxiously

aoftt /. August ^

aperceirolr (apercerant, aperço, aperçois, aperças) to perceive ; s'apercevoir de to become aware of

aperças, s'aperçarent, see apercevoir

aplanir tosmooth

apparaître (apparaissant, appara, apparais, apparas) to appear

apparence /. appearance ; en apparence apparently, evidently

appartement m. apartment

appartenir (appartenant, appartenu, appartiens, appartins) to belong

appeler to call, summon

application /. application

appliquer to apply

apporter to bring

apprendre (apprenant, appris, apprends, appris) to leam, hear; to tell, teach

apprentissage m, apprenticeship ; taire l'apprentissage de to leara, expérience

appilter to prépare, hâve ready

appris, apprit, see apprendre

approche m, approach

a^iodier de to approach, draw

near; s'approcher de to draw

near to, approach approfondi -e profound, thorough appui m, help, assistance, support,

protection appuyer to support, urge, press,

put ; s'appuyer to lean après after; afterwards; d'après ac-

cording to, in accordance with arbre m, tree

ardent -e ardent, buming, fervent ardeur /. ardor, passion, eagemess argent m. silver, money ; rouble en

argent silver ruble; see note to

14 10 armée/, army; vie des armées life

of a soldier, camp life armer (s') to arm one*s self, prépare one's self armes /. //. arms ; carrière des

armes military career arracher todraw, wring; arracher

à to tear away from arrangement m ^ arrangement arranger to arrange ; s'arranger to

make one's self comfortable arrêter to arrest, stop ; to secure,

book; s'arrêter to stop, linger,

stay; to choose, secure, book arrière m. back part; en arrière

back arrivant m. arrivai, comer arrivée /. arrivai arriver to arrive, come; to hap-

pen, befall asile m, shelter, refuge, lodging aspect m. aspect, appearance, sight assaut m. assault, storming assemblée /. assemblage, company

aasembler (s*) to assemble, meet asseoir (s*) (s'asseyant, assis, m'assieds, m'assis) to sit down assez enough; sufficiently, quite,

rather, pretty assiduité /. assiduity, zeal assignation /. paper money, notes assigner to assign, grant assis, s'assied, s'assirent, s'assit,

see s'asseoir assistance /. assistance, aid, help assister to assist, help ; assister à

to be présent at • assorti -e suited, in keeping with assujettir (s') to subject one's self assurance /. assurance ; ease assurer to assure ; s'assurer to be

certain, make sure attacher (s') to cling, grasp attaquer to attack atteindre (atteignant, atteint, atteins, atteignis) to attain, reach attenant -e à near, close to attendre to expect, await, wait for ;

s'attendre to expect attendri -e affected, moved to pity attente /. hope, expectation, re-

quirement attention /. attention ; avec attention attentively, carefully ; faire attention à to pay attention to, heed attestation /. attestation, testimonial attirer to draw, upon, bring upon attribuer to attribute, ascribe attrouper to congregate, assemble au = à le aube / dawn auberge / inn

autan -e no, not any ; no one, none

au-delà de beyond

auditeur m. hearér

augmenter to swell, increase

augure m. 6men

augurer to aug^r ; augurer bien de

to be hopeful about aujourd'hui to-day aumône /. alms auparavant before auprès de near, before, with ; to,to

the présence of auquel, auxquels, see lequel aurais, auriez, see avoir aussi so, therefore ; also ; aussi . . *

que as ... as aussitôt at once ; aussitôt que as

soon as austère austère, severe autant as much ; likewise, the

same; d'autant plus ail the

more ; autant • . . que as much

• • • as autel m. altar auteur m. author, writer authentique authentic, real autour de around, about autre other; d'autres others; les

autres the others, others ; l>un(e)

et l'autre both ; d'autre part on

the other hand aux = à les

avance (d') in advance, beforehand avancer to advance, approach;

s'avancer to come forward avant before ; avant de before avantage m. advantage, merit,

good quality

avantageux -se advantageous. favorable

VOCABULARY

avec with; avec attentidn attentively

avènement m. accession to the throne

avenir m. future

aventure /. adventure, expérience; risk, chance; intrigue, affair

aventnrièreyi adventuress, stroller, rover

avenue /! avenue

avertir to tell, wam, inform

aviser to plan, consider

avoir (ayant, eu, ai, eus) to hâve ; avoir à to hâve to; avoir beau to do something in vain ; avoir besoin to need ; avoir Iliabitude to be accustomed ; avoir l'intention to intend ; avoir lieu to take place; avoir pitié de to pity; avoir le pouvoir to be able ; avoir soif to be thirsty ; il y a there is, there are

avoir m. possession, fortune

avouer to own, confess

ayant see avoir

bacchante /. Me note to 50 7 baigner tobathe; baigné de bathed

in bailli m, bailiff baiser to kiss

baisser (se) to stoop, bend down balayer to sweep baliverne /. nonsense, foolishness,

stuff banc m. bench bande /. band, troop barque /. bark, boat barrer to bar, hinder, impede

bas -se low, lower ; en bas down stairs, below; là bas yonder; tout bas inwardly, silently, quîetly

bas m, lower part; le bas de sa robe the hem of her skirt

bateau -z m. boat; bateau de transport transport

batelier m. boatman

bâton m, stick, cane

battre to beat, tread, break

beau, bel -le, beautiful, fine, happy ; avoir beau to do something in vain; belle saison fine weather

beaucoup much, many ; a good deal

bôche /. spade

bénédiction/, bénédiction, blessing

bénir to bless

besoin m. need, want, requirement; au besoin in case of need, when needed ; avoir besoin to need

bête f. animal

Bible /. Bible

bien much, many; well, very; ou bien or else, or better still

bien m. good, kindness, favor

bien-être m. comfort

bienfaisance f. charity, good

bienfaisant -e good, charitable, philanthropie

bienfait /. favor

bienfaiteur -trice m, and f, benefactor, benefactress

bienséance /. décorum, propriety

bientôt soon

bienveillance/, goodwill, kindness

bienveillant. -e!kind

billet m. note, bill

blanc -he white

blanchissage m, washing

ICX>

blanchitseose /. lanndress

blé m, corn, wheat

blesser to wounck injure

boire (bavanti bu, bols» bos) to

drink ; donner à boire to fumish

with drink, give a drink to bois m . f orest, wood ; de bois wooden bon -ne good, kind, fine ; de bonne

heure early bonheur m. good fortune, joy, hap-

piness bonjour m. good day, good moming bonté/*, kindness, goodness, mercy ;

avec bonté kindly bord m. edgc, sidc, shore, bank,

brim, bordei ; au bord de la ri-

▼ièi:§ by the river-side borne J^, ^$tnit, boundary ; sans

bornes boundless boston m. see note to 42 26 botte /. top-boot bottine /. boot bouche f, mouth boue /. mud bouleau -z m, birch bourse /. purse bout m. end boutique /. shop, stall .

bras m. arm brave brave, good, kind, good-

hearted braver to brave, defy, meet bravely brillant -e gleaming, dazzling briller to shine, twinkle, gleam,

sparkle brouiller (se) to quarrel, not to be

on good terms brouillerie/ quarrel, cause of quarrel bruit m. noise, rumor, sound ; faire

du bruit to create a sensation

brusque sudden

brusquerie/, bluntness, roughness; avec brusquerie rudely, roughly bruyant -e loud, noisy buisson m, thicket, bush but m. purpose, aim, goal, design

cabane /. cottage, cabin

cabaret m. wine-shop, ale-house,

saloon cabinet m, cabinet; private room cacher to hide, keep secret cacheter to seal calcul m. calculation campagne/, campaign, expédition;

country canal m, canal capable capable capitaine m. captain capitale / capital, chief town captivité / captivity car for caractère m, character, usual mood,

humor caravansérail m, caravansary, a

large rude unfumished building

in the Orient where caravans

pass the night caresse / caress carré -e square carrière / career, profession ; car^

rière des armes military career cas m, case, condition ; être dans

le cas de to be obliged to catacombe /. catacomb, vault ; see ^ note to 84 12 cathédrale /. cathedral cause /. cause, reason, ground;

pour cause de on account of causer to cause, be the cause of

VOCABULARY

lOI

ce, cet -te, cet, this, that, it ; ce

qae that which, what; ce qui

which céder to cède, give up, yield cela that

célèbre celebrated cellule /. cell celui, celle, ceux, celles, this, that ;

this one, that one ; he, she, it ;

celai-d, celle-ci, the latter ; celuilà, celle-là, the former cent hundred cependant however, nevertheless,

yet; meanwhile cérémonie/, ceremony, formality certain -e certain, secure certainement certainly certitude f, certainty ; confidence cesae /. cessation ; sans cesse con-

stantly, unceasingly cesser to cease, discontinue ceux see celui

chacun -e each one, every one chagrin m, grief, anguish chair /. flesh chaleur /. warmth, éloquence,

fervor chambre /. chamber, room champ m, field; sur le champ at

once chance/, chance chancellerie/ chancellor's office,

government office changement m, change changer to change ; changer de to

change chant m, singing, song chanter to sing chapitre m. chapter chaque each

charge / charge; revenir à la charge to renew one's entreaties renew one*s efforts

chargé -e loaded, laden

Charger to charge, intrust, commission ; se charger de to take upon one's self, load one's self with ; to take charge of, undertake

chariot m. cart, wagon ; chariot de poste post-wagon

charitable charitable, philanthropie

charmant -e charming

charme m, charm

charmer *to charm^delight

chasser to drive, tum away

chasseur m, hunter; chasseurs light infantry or cavalry -

chaud -e warm

chaudement warmly

chaumière / hut

chef m. chief, superior officer

chemin road, way, joumey ; chemin faisant on the way ; en chemin on the road

cher, chère, dear

chercher to seek, search, look for ; to try ; aller chercher to go and look for, go for ; envoyer chercher to send for

chéri -e beloved

chérir to cherish, love dearly

cheval -aux m. horse ; remonter à cheval to remount

cheveu -x hair

chèvre / goat

chez at, at the house of ; to the house of, to the présence of, to ; chez lui at his house ; chez elle at her house ; de chez lui from his house

chien -ne m. andf. dog

chœnr m. see note to 67 i

choisir to choose

choix m. choice

chose /. thing ; undertaking

choQ m. cabbage ; chou aigre sauerkraut

chrétien -ne m, andf. Christian

chuchoter to whisper

chute /. fall

del, cieux, m. heaven

cinq five

cinquante fifty

circonstance f. oircumstance, occasion

circuler to circulate

ciré -e waxed ; toile cirée waxed cloth, cerecloth ; oilcloth

cité f. city, town

clair -e clear

clarté /. light

classe /. class, stratum

. cloche /. bell

cloison /. partition wall

cloître m, cloister

cœur m, heart ; de bon cœur heartily, fervently ; with pleasure

coin m. corner

colère /. anger

colonne /. column

combat m. combat, struggle

combattre to combat, fight, oppose, struggle against, argue against

combien how many, how much

comble m. height ; depth

combler to heap upon, lavish, load, overwhelm

commandant m. commander, govemor

commandement m. commandment; secrétaire des commandements chief secretary of a prince or high personage

commander to command, order, demand

comme as, as if, lik& ; comme si as if ; tout comme si just as if

commencer to commence, begin

comment how

commerce m. business, trade ; pour des affaires de commerce on business

commettre (commettant, commis, commets, commis) to commit

commode commodious, comfort- .

able

commodité/, convenience

communauté/, community, sîster* hood

communication /. communication, contact

communier to takie the sacrament

communion / communion

compagne / companion

compagnon m, companion ; compagnon de voyage traveling companion

compassion / compassion, pity

compatissant -e pitying, sympathizing, compassionate

complet -ète complète

composer to compose ; se composer de to be composed of '

comprendre (comprenant, compris, comprends, compris) to understand

compte m. count, score, reckoning ; report; rendre compte de to report

VOCABULARY

compter to count, reckon comtesse /. countess concerner to concern concevoir (concevant, conçu, conçois, conçus) to conceive, understand; to Word ; to hâve ; to entertain conçu, conçut, see concevoir condamner to condemn condescendance f, condescension,

compliance ' condition /. condition ; rank, social

position, conducteur -trice m, and/, conduc-

tor, escort, guide, driver .conduire (conduisant, conduit, conduis, conduisis) to conduct; to lead, take, escort, bring conduite /. conduct, behavior conférence /. conversation confiance /. confidence, trust confirmation /. confirmation confinner to confirm ; to assert «>«iaaentw. confluence <=<»rfoiidre (se) to become confused *^*tfornxer (se) à to act accordîng to, ^^^orm to

coj,* ^® confused, vague con»^ **ia«it confusedly, dimly

***^»/j-.^*®r to dismiss **^^»i^U^^ to implore, beseech, beg ^U^J^^^ yC knowledge, acco^^6^^^ctf/ i»""© connaissance

fil»'

connu, con-

^^ ^ocjiiainted with ;

'Xï^V^^-^^'f*"" tomakeone's

consacrer to consecrate, dévote conseil m. consultation, advice,

guidance conseiller to advise consentement m. consent consentir (consentant, consenti, consens, consentis) to consent conséquence /. conséquence, importance ; en conséquence consequently considérable considérable, important, prominent; peu considé* rable of little importance consister to consist consolant -e consoling consolation/ consolation, comfort conspirer to conspire, plot constitution /. constitution construire (construisant, construit, construis, construisis) to construct, build consulter to consult consumer to consume, bum contempler to contemplate contenir (contenant, contenu, contiens, contins) to contain content -e satisfied, pleased contentement m. satisfaction conter to tell, relate contester to dispute continuation /. continuation continuel -le continuai continuer to continue, go on contraindre (contraignant, contraint, contrains, contraignis) to compel contre against, contrary to contrée /. country, région contre-temps m, mishap, disap-

pointment contribuer to contribute

conyaiiicre(conyainqiiaiit, conyaincu, conyalncs, conyainqois) to convince ; M conyaincre to be convinced

conyenable suitable, suited

conyenance /. convenience ; conyenances propriety

conyenir (conyenant, conyenn, coiir yiens, conyins) to agrée, grant, confess

conyersation /. conversation

coayint see conyenir

oonyiye m, guest (at a repast)

conyoi m. train (of vehicles for carrying merchandise, provisions, etc.)

copier to copy

corbeille/, basket

corde /. rope

cordial -e cordial

cordon m, rope, string, band

corps m, corps, companions in arms, fellow-soldiers

costume m. dress, attire

côté m. side ; da côté de in the direction of , towards ; du côté où towards the side where

cotiser (se) to get up a subscription, club together

coa m. neck; passé à son con round her neck

coucher to sleep, spend the night ; se coucher to lie down, go to bed ; to set ; aller se coucher to go to bed

coucher m. setting

coudre (cousant, cousu, couds, cousis) to sew

couler to flow, trickle down

couleur /. color

coup m, blow; coup d'œil glance;

tout à coup ail at once, suddenly coupable guilty couple m. couple cour /. court courage m. courage courageusement bravely, boldly,

courageously courant m, course coureuse /. gad-about, stroller courir (courant, couru, cours, courus)

to run, hasten ; to incur courrier m, courier cours m. course, duration ; donner

cours à to forward, deliver;

voyage de long cours long jour-

ney court -e short courut see courir cousant see coudre coussin m. cushion coûter to cost couvent m. convent couvert -e covered couverture /. covering, roof couvrir (couvrant, couvert, couvre,

couvris) to cover craignais, craignant, see craindre craindre (craignant, craint, crains,

craignis) to fear crainte /. fear, awe cri m, cry ; faire un cri to cry out crime tn, crime croire (croyant, cru, crois, crus) to

believe, think croiser to cross ; se croiser to inter-

sect, meet croix /. cross ; faire le signe de la

croix to cross one's self croyant see croire

VOCABULARY

cniy cnmitt) crut) see croire cntche / pitcher, jug, mug crael -le cruel, unendurable cniyre m. copper cultiver to cultivate, cultivate the

Society of, seek, visit culture /. culture, cultivation curiosité /. curiosity

daigner to deign, condesceiid dame /. lady ; grande dame woman

of the nobility danger m. danger dangereusement dangerously dangereux -fe dangerous dans in, into, at, with, among ; dans

le temps some years ago davantage more, any more de. of, for, from, by, with, in, on,

toward ; than \ as débâcle /. breaking up ; overthrow débarquer to disembark, land' débarrasser (se) to get freé from,

get rid of debout standing, up décacheter to unseal, open décembre m. December décevoir (décevant, déçu, déçois, déçus) to deceive, disappoint, blast déchirer to tear to pièces, destroy décidé -e resolved, determined, de-

çided upon décidément açtually, really décider to décide ; se décider to résolve, détermine, make up one'& mind ; se décider à to favor déclarer to déclare ; se déclarer to

show itself, develop déconcerter to confuse, disconcert, embarrass

décourageant -e discouraging découragement m. discouragement,

despair, despondency décourager to discourage découvert -e open, plain ; un front

découvert a high forehead décret m. decree

décrire (décrivant, décrit, décris, décrivis) to describe déçu see décevoir défaillir (défaillant, défailU, défaus,

défaillis) to faint; se sentir défaillir to f eel faint défavorable unfavorable défendre to défend, protect; to forbid défense / défense, part défilé m, défile, pass définir to define^ définitif -ve definite, positive, final,

irrévocable dégagé -e free dégoûter to disgust degré m. degree ; par degrés grad-

ually déjà already

déjeuner m. breakfast, lunch delà thence, from that time délicat -e délicate, tendert in good

taste délicieux -se delightful délire m. delirium, frenzy délivrance /. deliyerance, freedom délivrer tpdeliver, free ; se délivrer

de to free one*s self from, to get

rid of ; to end demain to-morrow demande /. request, question ; faire

une demande to ask a question ;

satisfaire à une demande to an-

swer a question

lo6

demander to ask, request ; demander à to ask of

démarche /. step, measure, attempt, move, expédient

demeure /. dwelling, résidence

demeurer to dwell, stay, remain, be

dénomination /. name

départ m. departure

dépasser to go beyond, pass

dépêche /. dispatch, message, missive

dépendre to dépend

dépens m, pi. cost, expense ; aux dépens de at the expense of

dépérir to waste away, décline

dépérissement m. décline, wasting away, decay

déplacé -e out of place

déplorable déplorable, pitiable

déposer to put down

depuis f rom, since, for, before ; ago ; depuis longtemps long ago, long since, for a long time; depuis lors since that time, after that time ; depuis que since, after

dernier -ère latter, last ; lowest ; utmost

dérober à to rob

des = de les

dès from ; dès le lendemain the very next day; dès que as soon as; dès lors from that time

désagrément m. inconvenience, un^ pleasantness

désapprobation /. disapprobation, disapproval

désapprouYor to disapprove, blâme

désastreux -se disastrous

descendre to descend, alight; to flow, empty

désert -e deserted, vacant, lonely

désert m. désert

désespéré -e desperate, hopeless

désespérer to despair

désespoir m. despair

déshabiller (se) to undress

désintéressé -e disinterested

désir m. désire, wish

désirer to désire, wish, want, seek

désobéir à to disobey

désolé -e grieved, vexed, much

troubled, distressed désormais henceforth dessécher (se) to become dry dessein m. design, putpose, will desservir (desservant, desservi, des-*

sers, desservis) to clear tfae table ;

to wait on, attend to '

dessus on, above, upon ; aboutit;

au dessus above destination /. destination destiné -e destined, suited, serving,

intended destinée f. destiny, fate destiner to destine, intehd, set

aside détail m. détail, particular détaillé -e defined, exact, clear détermination /. détermination déterminer to détermine, résolve,

décide, appoint détourner to tum aside ; to dissuade ;

se détourner to tum away from,

avoid deux two devant before développer to develop, unfold; se

dévetopper to take shape, develop devenir (devenant, devenu, deviens,

devins) to become

VOCABULARY

deyenn, devient, deTiarent, devint,

see devenir deviner to divine, guess devoir (devant, dû, dois, dus) to owe ;

to be obliged, must, ought, hâve;

to be to dévorer to devour, consume dévotion /. dévotion, devoutness,

piety; dévotions religions duties dextérité /. dexterity, clevemess dicter to dictate, suggest Dien m, God diiférent -é différent difficile difficult difficilement not easOy difficulté /. difficulty digne worthy dimanche m. Sunday dtner to dine dîner m, dinner

dire (disant, dit, dis, dis) to say, tell directement directly, in a direct

manner direction / direction, management diriger to direct, guide ; se diriger

to be raised disaient see dire discerner to discem discours m. discourse, speech, coA-

vèrèadon d&cifétion /. discrétion, prudence diâcnter to dûcuss disgrâce /. disgrâce * disparaître (dispâfafosant, disparu,

disparais, disparus) to dîsàppear;

faire disparaître to obliterate disparurent, disparut, see disparaître dispense /. dispensation, exemption disperser to disperse, drive away

disposé -e disposed, inclined, ready ;

arranged, distributed, scattered disposer to influence, dispose; to

get along with; se disposer to

get ready, prépare disposition /. disposition, humor;

arrangement dissiper to dispel; se dissiper to

disappear, pass away, vanish dissuader to dissuade distance /. distance distingué -e disting^ished, well-

bred distribuer to distribute divers -e différent, varions diversement variously, diversely divination /. divination dix ten

dix-huit eighteen doigt m, finger, hand doivent see devoir domestique household, menial domestique m. andf. servant dominer to dominate, tower over don m, gift

donc then, therefore, cortsequently donner to give, bestow, fumish;

to cause ; donner à boire to fur-

nish with drink, give a drink to ;

donner cours à to forward, de-

liver; donner à manger to give

food to, feed ; donner un coup de

sonnette to ring a bell dpnt ( = de .+' a relative pronoun) of

which, with which, from which ;

of whom, from whom ; whose double double

doublement doubly, twice over doubler to double doucement quietly, gently, softly .

io8

doocenr /. swectness, gentleness ;

dottcetm comforts, luxuries douleur /. grief, sorrow dooloureiix -se painful doute m. doubt douter to doubt; M douter de to

suspect, mistrust, hâve an idea of dresser to draw up dieit-e right droite /. right; à droite on the

right ; sur U droite to the right droschky m, se€ note to^è 12 du = de le dû, due, see devoir dû, due, due, owing duplicité f. duplicity, deceh dur -e hard, harsh durée f, duration durement harshly, roughly, unf eel-

ingly durer to last, continue

eau /. water ; les eaux the streams ébranler to shake, shatter, move,

undermine, disturb ; être ébranlé

to be in commotion écarter to remove échange m. exchange échapper to escape ; échapper à to

escape from ; s'échapper to get

away édair m. flash of light ; révélation éclairer to light up, illuminate édat m, burst; faire un édat de

rire to burst out laughing écoulé -e past, past by écouler (s') to elapse; to go

away ^<»«ter to hear, listen to écrier (s*) to cry out, exdaim

écrire (écrivast, écrit, écris, écriris) to Write

édit m. writing, script, petidon

écriture /.writing; l'Scritne saints the Scriptores

écrivain jr. writer, anthor

éducation f. éducation

effet m, effect, resuit ; en effet bdeed, in fact

elinoer (s') to try, endeavor

effort m. effort

effrayant -e dreadful, frightful

effrajrer to frighten, startle

effroi m. fright, terrer, fear

eiEroyable frightful

également equally, alike, Ukewise

égard m. regard, respect, considération; à cet égard in this respect

égaré -e lost, astray

église f, church

élan m. impulse

élancer (s') to dart, spring, rush

élégance /. élégance

élever to raise; s'élever to risc; s'élever contre to criticizc, blâme, stigmatize

eUe she, it; èUe^nême hcrsdf, itscU

éloge m. praise

éloigné -e distant

«oignemeut «•.distance; séparation

éloigner to ward off , drive away, keep away ; s'^oigner to départ, go away, disappear, Icave

^oqoemin^i^t eloquently

floqoence /• éloquence, persuasion

^^j^^tiim /. vcsscl, boat ^H^ertoembark;. 'embarquer

sur to navigate e,rf,arnui ^. embarrassment. difficulty, pcrple^ty

VOCABULARY

emlwrraasaiit -e embarrassing

emliarrasser to embarrass

emboachore /.^mouth, point of discharge

embrassement m. embrace, kissing

embrasser to embrace, kiss

éminence /. eminence, hill

emmener to take, take away

émotion /. émotion

émonyoir (émouyant, ému, émeus, émus) to arouse, move, agitate

emparer (s') de to take possession of

empêchement m, impediment, hindrance

empêcher to hinder, prevent

empereur m, emperor

emploi m. position, post

employé m. employée, clerk

employer to employ, make use of ; to spend

emporter to remove, take away ; to carry ; l'emporter sur to outweigh, prevail ; to get the better of, be stronger than

empressé -e eager

empressement m. zeal, eagemess, interest

empresser (s') to hasten ; to be eager

ému -e moved, agitated

émut see émouvoir

en in, at, to, by ; as ; while

en (= de + ^ pronoun ofthe tkird person) of him, of her, of it, from him, from it ; from there ; thereby, thereof ; some

enceinte /. inclosure, circuit, walls

enchantement m, enchantment, delight

enchérir sur to surpass, outdo, express more strongly

encore again, stili, yet

encourager to encourage

endormir (s') (s'endormant, endormi, m'endors, m'endormis) to go to sleep

enfance /. infancy, chUdhood

enfant m. and f, child

enfantillage m, childish fancy

enfin finally, at last

enflammé -e lighted, burning

enfler (s') to swell

engager to influence, lead, entice, ask, urge '

engourdi -e benumbed

ennuyer to annoy, disturb

enquête/, inquiry; se mettre aux enquêtes to set about making inquiries

enseigne /. sign, signboard

ensemble together

ensuite then, afterwards

entendre to hear, listen to

enthousiasme m. enthusiasm

entier -ère entire, whole ; toute entière à wholly absorbed by

entonner to intone

entourer to surround

entraîner to lead away; to drag, carry, bear ,

entre between, among

entrecouper to intemipt, break

entrée /. entrance

entremêler (s') tointermingle, intersperse

entreprendre (entreprenant, entrepris, entreprends, entrepris) to undertake

entreprise/ enterprise, plan,undertaking

entrer to enter

IIO

entretenir (entretenant, entretenu, entretiens, entretins) to keep up ; s'entretenir to converse, talk

entretien m, conversation

entrevoir (entrevoyant, entrevu, entrevois, entrevis) to get a glimpse of ; to see, perceive

énumération /. enumeration

envelopper to envelop, wrap up

envers towards

envie /. envy

envier to envy

environ about

envisager to look at, regard

envoi m, sending, forwarding

envoler (s') to elapse

envoyer to send ; envoyer chercher to send for

épargner to spare

épaulette / epaulet, shoulder-strap

ôpée /. sword

épingle /. pin

époque /. time

épouvanter to frighten, terrify

époux -se m. and f. husband, wife

épreuve /. trial

éprouver to try, meet with, expérience, feel

épuisé -e exhausted, worn out

équipage m. baggage

ermitage m. hermit's cell

errer to wander

erreur /. error, mistake

escalier m. staircase

Espagne f. Spain

espèce /. kind, pièce

espérance /. hope, expectation

espérer to hope, expect

espoir m. hope

esprit m. mind, spîrit; disposition; '

esprit fort freethinker esquille / splinter essor m. flight, scope estime/, esteem, estimation, regard et and

établi -e established, settled, made établir to establish, build up; to

provide ; s'établir to settle était, été, see être état m, State, condition; calling,

life, trade; être en état to be

able étendue /. extent étemel -le etemal, evçrlasting étisie f, consumption étoile /. star étonnement m, astonishment, won-

der étonner to astonish; s'étonner to

be astonished étrange strange, peculiar étranger -ère foreign étranger -ère m. and f. stranger,

foreigner être (étant, été, suis, fus) to be;

être en état to be able ; manière

d'être conduct, character être m. being étroitement closely, tightly étude /. study étudiant m. student eurent, eussent, eut, see avoir eux they, them ; eux-mêmes thèm-

selves évanouir (s') to disappear, vanish évanouissement m. swoon éveillé -e awake événement m. event évident -e évident

VOCABULARY

éviter to avoîd

exact -e exact, prompt, strict, punctual, eager, zealous

exactement exactly, precisely, with précision, punctually

exactitude /. exactitude, strictness, précision

examiner to examine, look at carefuUy

exaucer to g^nt, grant one's request

excepté except

excès m. excess, extremity

excessif -ye excessive, extrême, intense

exciter to excite

exécuter to carry out, exécute, accomplish

exécution /. exécution, performance

exemple m. example

exercice m. exercise, performance

exhibition /. exhibition ; présentation

exiger to require, demand, want

exil m, exile

exilé -e m. and f. exile

exister to exist, live

expédier to forward, send off

explication /. explanation

expliquer to explain

exposer to expose

exprimer to express ; s'exprimer to speak out

exténué -e exhausted, tired out

extraordinaire extraordinary, remarkable

extravagant -e extravagant, wild, mad

extrême extrême, enormous

fable /. fable ; la Fable mythology

face /. front ; en face de in front of , before, opposite

facile easy

facilement easily, readily

facilité f. facility, ease

faible feeble, meager, poor

faiblesse /. weakness

faillir (faillant, failU, faux, faillis) to fail; to be near, be on the point of

faim f, hunger

faire (faisant, fait, fais, fis) to make, do, perform, cause, give, utter, ^ke,act, travel ; faire adieu to bid farewell ; faire l'apprentissage de to leam, expérience; faire attention à to give attention to ; faire du bruit to create a sensation ; chemin faisant on the way ; faire connaissance to become acquainted; faire une demande to ask a question ; faire dire to send word; faire disparaître to obliterate; faire un éclat de rire to burst out laughing ; faire faire to hâve made ; faire observer to call one's attention (to something); faire part de to share ; to inform, tell, impart ; faire prières to pray ; faire des questions to ask questions; faire réponse to reply, answer; se faire connaître to make one^s self known ; faire le sacrifice de to sacrifice, give up ; faire le signe de la croix to cros^ one's self ; faire sortir to expel ; to bring out; faire ses vœux to take one*s vows; faire voir t' show, point out

fait -e adapted, suited, calculated,

of a nature faUoir (— , faUn, il faut, Il faUot)

to be necessary, hâve to ; must ;

Il loi faut he needs; comme il

faut exacUy right, as it should

be; on homme comme 11 faat a

gentleman fameux -ae famous, celebrated familiariser (se) avec to become

used to ; to get acquainted with familiarité /. familiarity, affability,

intimacy famille /. f amily, parents fardeau -x m. burden* load fatalité /. fatality fatigue /. fatigue, hardshîp fatiguer to fatigue, tire faudra, faut, see falloir fausseté /. f alsehood faute /. f ault faux -sse false, wrong , faveur /. favor, interest

favorable favorable, propitious, fa-

vorably inclined favorablement propitiously, favor-

ably; kindly favori -te favorite favoriser to favor, be favorable to,

look with favor upon, encourage,

assist féerie /. fairyland feldiègre m. see note to 58 29 feldjàger m, (German) orderly;

sharpshooter félicitation /. congratulation félidté /. felicity, happiness, bliss féliciter to congratulate femme /. wife, woman, servant fenêtre / window

fente /. crack, chink

fer m, iron

fera, fend, feiait, ferles, see faire

ferme firm, resolute

fermement firmly

fermer to close, shut

ferveur /. f ervor, warmth

fête /. f east, festival, f estivity ; lei

fêtes de Pâques the Easter holi-

days feu m. fire février m, February fidèle faithful fier (se) à to trust fièvre /. f ever figurer to figure, picture, represent;

se figurer to imagine filial -e filial

fille /. daughter, girl, servant fils m. son

fin -e délicate, refined fin /. end, finish finir to finish, end ; finir par to end

by ; to succeed in firent, fit, ftt, see faire fixement fixedly, steadfasUy fixer to fix, appoint ; se fixer to re*

main permanently, settle down flairer to smell of, sniff at flamme /. flame flatter to flaUer flatterie /. flattery fléchir to urge, persuade, move fleuve m, river, stream flot m. wave foi /. f aith fois/ time; à la fois at one ançl

the same time folie / f olly, madness folle see ion

VOCABULARY

fonction /. function, duty fonder to f ound

fonds m, fund, capital, reserve force /. force, vigor, strength, en-

ergy; forces strength, power;

à tonte force by ail means; de

force forcibly, perforée forcer to force, compe forêt /. forest forme f, form, f ormality ; dans les

formes in proper form ; dans les

formes requises in the required

form, properly formel -le formai former to form, make; se former

to conceive ; to mature formidable formidable, tremendous fort-e strong; very, very much;

si fort so much ; esprit fort f ree-

thinker fortement- strongly, loudly fortune /. fortune, cash, ready

money fortuné -e fortunate, happy fou, foUe, foolish fouiller to search, rummage foule /. crowd fourche / pitchf ork fournir to f umish frais, fraîche, fresh, cool français -e French franchir to cross, cross over, go

through frappant -e striking frapper to strike, hit, knock frayeur /. f right, f ear frémir to shudder fréquemment frequently fréquent -e fréquent frère i». brother

fioid -e cold, unimpassioned

froid m. cold ; les grands froids the intense cold

froidement coldly, coolly

front m, forehead; un front découvert a high forehead

frontière /. frontier, border

frotter to rub

fruit m. fruit; advantage; avec fruit profitably, to advantage

fuir (fuyant, fui, fuis, fuis) to shun, flee from, avoid

fumer to smoke

furent, fut, fût, see être

fureur /. f renzy, fury, madness

gagner to gain, win, win over, influence, work upon the feelings of

gaieté /. gaiety, merriment, playfulness

galerie /. gallery

galonner to lace, cover with braid ; tout galonné covered with gold lace

gant m. glove

garçon m. boy ; servant, waiter

garde m. guard, watcher, caretaker

garde /. care

garder to guard, keep

gardien -ne m, andf. g^ardian

geler to freeze

général -e gênerai ; en général generally

général -aux m, gênerai

généralement generally

généreusement generously, kindly

généreux -se generous, unselfish, noble, lofty, disinterested

générosité/, generosity, kindness

genou -z m. knee ; à genoux kneel-

ing ; 8e mettre à genoux to kneel genre m. sort, kind, manner gens /. people, men ; gens du monde

people of the world, society

people géographie /. geography gite m, lodging, resting-place,

réception ; home glace /. ice ; glaces snow, ice glacé -e frozen, icy ; benumbed

with cold glacer (se) to freeze, become

chilled ; to stagnate glaçon m. ice, pièce of ice, floe goût m. taste gouvernail m. rudder gouvernement m. govemment gouverneur m. govemor grâce/, grâce, pardon, f reedom ; fa-

vor; actions de grâces prayers of

thanksgiving ; de grâce I pray you grade m. grade, rank grand -e grand, large, tall, great,

long ; of rank ; grand jour broad

daylight gré m. will, inclination ; à son gré

according to her wishes grec, grecque, Greek grille /. grating ; see note to 81 29 grimper to climb gronder to scold, blâme, find fault

with gros -se large, stout grossir to become larger groupe m, group guère see ne

guérir to get well, recover guerre /. war guichets m.pL shutters

habile élever, smart habiller to dress, attire habit m, garb, clothes, coat habitant m, inhabitant habitation /. habitation, house habiter to inhabit, live in, oc-

cupy habitude /. custom ; aToir Thabitade

to be accustomed habitué -e accustomed, used habitué m. fréquent visiter habituel -le habituai, common, cus-

tomary *haïr (haïssant, haï, hais, haïs) to

hâte *hameau -x m, hamlet, village *hangar m. shed *hardes / //. clothes, attire ^hardiesse/ courage, bravery,bold-

ness *hasard /. fate, accident, chance,

risk ; au hasard at random ; par

hasard by chance ^hasarder (se) to risk, venture,

chance *liasardeux -se hazardous, risky,

perilous *haut -e high, elevated ; loud ; lÂ

haut yonder, up there ; à haute

voix aloud *haut m. top; en haut upstairs ^hautement loudly, boldly, proudly hélas alas *héroïne f. heroine hésiter to hesitate heure /. hour, time; o^clock; de

bonne heure early; sur l'heure

at once; à deux heures at two

o'clock; les huit heures eight

o'clock

VOCABULARY

hettreuaement fortunately, happily,

prosperously, safely,withoutmis-

hap heureux -se happy, prosperous,

propitious *hearter (se) to coUide, corne in

close collision histoire /. histoiy» story, taie hiver m. wînter ; d'hiver winter homme m. man» husband; les

hommes people honorer to honor, pay homage to ;

to pray before *honte /. embarrassment, shame;

avoir honte to be ashamed horreur /. horror, terror horrible horrible, awful, terrible 'hors de outside ; beside hospitalité /. hospitality, entertain-

ment *hdte m. host 'hôtesse /. hostess huit eight; les huit heures eight

o'clock humain -e human humanité /. hiunanity ; d'humanité

humane humecter to dampen, moisten humeur/, humor, ill-humor, temper humide humid, damp humidité /. humîdity humiliation /. humiliation «hurlement m. howl, bowling 'hussard m. see note ^ 1 19

ici hère

idée /. idea, thought, opinion ignorance /. ignorance ignorer to be ignorant of, not to know ; to ignore

il he, it; there; il y a there is, there are

imaginaire imaginary, fictitious

imagination /. imagination,

imaginer to imagine, f ancy, think ; s'imaginer to imagine, think, be-' lieve, fancy

imiter to imitate, follow the example of

immense immense

immobile motionless

impatiemment impatiently

impatience /. impatience

impératrice f, empress

impérial -e impérial

impertinences /.//. nonsense, foolish talk

impliqué -e implicated, involved

implorer to implore, beg

importance f, importance

important -e important

importun -e importunate, troublesome

impossibilité /. impossîbility

impossible impossible

impraticable impassable

impression f, impression, f eeling

imprudent -e imprudent, unwise

inanition /. exhaustion, starvation

inattendu -e unexpected

incessamment shortly

incident m, incident

incommoder to inconvenience, trouble

inconcevable inconceivable, incompréhensible

inconsolable inconsolable

incrédule m, and f. unbeliever, infidel

Ii6

indécis -• undecided, hesitating,

wavering iadédaiom /. indécision indifférence /. indi£Ference indifférent -e indifiFerent indignation /. indignation indigne unworthy, unjust indiquer to point out, advise, direct,

give the address of indiscret -été indiscreet, inquisitive indiscret -ète m, and f, indiscreet

person, inquisitive person inégalité /. inequality, différence inespéré -e unexpected,^ unhoped-

for inexœaUe inexorable inexplicable inexplicable, iinex-

plainable * inexprimaUe inexpressible infailliblement without fait, certainly iniiniment greatly, extremely, very

much infirmité f. infirmity influence /*. influence, effect influer to hâve influence informer to inform infortune /. misfortune, misery,

wretchedness infortuné -e unfortunate, unhappy infructueux -se fruitless injuste unjust injustice /. injustice innocence /. innocence innocent -e innocent innombrable innumerable inquiéter to disquiet, disturb, make

uneasy inquiétude /. uneasiness, anxiety ;

prendre de l'inquiétude to become

anxious, worry

insignifiant -e insignificant, mean-

ingless inspiration /. inspiration inspirer to inspire, create instsnre /. entreaty instant m. instant, moment ; à l'instant at once instruction/, instruction, éducation instruit -e educated, well informée insubordination /. insubordination insulter to insuit intact -e intact, untouched intention /. intention, purpose;

avoir de l'intention to intend intéressant -e interestiflg intéresser to interest; s'intéresser

à to be interested in behalf of,

hâve in mind intérêt m. interest ; prendre intérêt

à to become interested in intérieur m. interior; home interlocuteur -trice m,and f, inter-

locutor; speaker interrogation /. question interroger to question interrompre to intemipt intervalle m. interval, space intime intimate

intimider to intimidate, frighten intimité f, intimacy inutile useless

inutilement uselessly, needlessly invalide m. disabled soldier, pen-

sioner invincible invincible, unconquer-

able inviter to invite involontaire involuntary involontairement involuntarily ira, irai, irait, irei, irions, see aller

VOCABULARY

ixréligieoz -te irreligious inépfoch«ble irreproachable ixréyocable irrévocable isba /. see note ioVt% Ischim Ishim (Ish-ëmO; see map isolé -9 isolated, lonely ispxaynick m, see noie ta 58 30 iTTS drunk

Jadis formerly, of old

jalousie /. jealousy

jamais ever ; ne . . . jamais never

jambe f. leg

jaxdin m, garden

jel

jeta: to tbrow, cast ; to put ; jeter

an coup d'œil to glance jeu m, play, game ; hand jeune young jeunesse/, youth; première jeunesse

early youth joie f, joy ; transportée de joie over-

joyed joignit, joignit, joint, see joindre joindre (joignant, joint, joins, joignis)

to juin, clasp, add ; to inclose joli -e pretty joue /. cheek jouer to play, toy joueur -se m, and f. player jouir de to enjoy jouissance /*. pleasure, enjoyment jour m, day ; time, date ; un jour

one day, some day ; grand jour

broad daylight ; huit jours week ;

par jour a day; quinze jours two

weeks ; ses jours her lif e journée f. day, day's work, day*s

travel joyeux -se joyful, happy

jugement m, judgment, opinion; mettre en jugement to bring to trial juger to judge, think, conclude jusque until ; even ; jusqu'à, jusqu'en, as far as, as much as; until ; jusqu'ici until now, thus far juste just, righteous, impartial justice f. justice, court of justice justifier to justify

Kamouîcheff Kamishof (Kâ-mï-

shof^); see map Khama f, Kama (Ka'mà) ; see map kliarstma m, see noie to^xz kibick m. see note to 17 33 kopeck m. kopeck; copper coin

worth 7^^ of a paper ruble, i.e.

about half a cent; see note to

2225 ' kvas m. see note to 28 25

la see le

là tbere ; là-bas yonder; là-dessus

on that subject laisser to let, permit, allow; to

leave, abandon, give up, spare ;

laisser là to let alone, leave

alone lampe /*. lamp

langue f. tongue, lang^age * lanterne f, lantern laquais m» lackey, footman larme f, tear las -se tired laver to wash

le, la, les, the ; him, her, it, them lecteur -rice m, andf, reader lecture /. reading

Ii8

lé^iM: -ère lîght, slîght

légume m, vegetable

lendenudii m, next day ; dès le lendemain the very nezt day

lentement slowly

lépfeoz m. leper

leqnd, laquelle, letqnela, letqnellea, who, whom, which

lettre / letter

leur to them, them ; their

levant -e rising

lerer to raise ; se lever to rise, get up

lèvre m. lip

liberté /. liberty, f reedom

libre free

lier to bind ; se lier avec to become intimate with

lien m, place; an lien de instead of ; avoir lien to take place

ligne/ Une

linge m, linen, washing, cloth

lire (lisant, la, lis, lus) to read

lisière /. border, edge

lit m. bed

littérature /. literature, reading