la morgue, ' superciliousness

Page 63. 1. 8. mon brevet d'aspirant, ■ my midshipman's commission.

1. 37. palans, ' tackles,' i.e. machines formed by the communication of a rope with an assemblage of blocks (pulleys) to raise or move heavy weights. In the Royal Navy the word is pronounced ' taickle,' that is the ta sounds as in ' table.'

1. 38. cure-môles, ' dredges.' Cure being a verb does not take the sign of the plural.

Page 54. 1. 14. caljat, ' calker.'

1. 23. comme Auguste. This refers to the Battle of Naulochus, 36 b.c., in which Pompey's son, Sextus, wasdefeated off the shores of Sicily by Agrippa, the Admirai of Octavian, otherwise known as Augustus.

1. 27. la signature de la paix. This was the Peace of Versailles concluded in 1783 between England, France, Spain, and Holland. It was the closing épisode of the American War of Independence.

Page 55. 1. 4. des Suffren, des Lamothe-Pïquet, des du Couëdic, des d'Estaing. Of thèse naval leaders the first and the last are the most important. Suffren assisted in the capture of Minorca from the English Admirai Byng in 1756. He also distinguished himself in the struggle between the French and the English for the supremacy in India. D'Estaing was taken prisoner by the English at the siège of Madras in 1759. He was afterwards released, and succeeded in capturing Grenada and St. Vincent from the English during the American War of Independence. <• 1. 6. devaient tomber sous ceux des Français, i.e. during the French Révolution.

1. 34. La Pérouse, the French explorer, was dispatched on a voyage of discovery by Louis XVI in 1785. He failed to return, and in 1827 the remnants of his ships la Boussole and V Astrolabe were discovered off the Island of Vanikoro, north of the New Hébrides.

Page 57. 1. 2. la tenue des États, ' the sitting of the Breton Parliament.'

1. 13. de VArgentière . . . de Remiremont. See note to p. 3, 1. 8.

1. 29. Duclos (1704-1772) was historiographer of France. He wrote a history of Louis XI and other historical works. He was mayor of Dinan, and laid out a great part of what is now a fashionable watering-place.

1. 30. Du Ouesclin (1320-1380). This famous captain of the Hundred Years War, and Constable of France, was a native of Dinan. Undaunted by his defeat and capture at the Battle of Auray, he passed over into Spain and met the English again, at Navaretta. In this battle he was defeated and taken prisoner a second time. On his return to France he conducted a séries of raids on the English provinces, and recovered Guyenne and Normandy. He died during the siège of Châteauneuf-Randon, and the keys of the surrendered city were laid on his cofnn as a last trophy.

Page 58. 1. 3. le pape Adrien Ier was pope from 772 to 795. During his pontificate was held the Council of Nicea, 787.

1. 4. l'empereur Hoiwrius, Empcror of the West from 395 to 423, more famous for the fact that he lost Rome to the Goths.

I. 7. imprévoyantes de Vavenir. Broussais (1772-1838) was a French physician and an advocate of the System of bleeding by leeches.

1. 30. du roi Dagoberl. Dagobert (604-638) combined the Eastern and Western dominions of the Franks. He was known as the Frankish Solomon.