se laisse morguer, * aÛows itself to be flouted

Page 115. 1. 8. M. de Breteuil, &c. This ministry was of short duration, and was overthrown by the capture of the Bastille. 1. 13. nouvellement débarqué, * newly corne to Paris.'

1. 23. Sanson et Simon. The former was the public executioner. Louis XVI was among the holocaust of victims which fell to his hand. Simon was a cobbler and member of the Commune de Paris. After the death of Louis XVI he was appointed guardian of the unfortunate Dauphin, known as Louis XVII, who probably died as the resuit of his brutalities.

1. 31 . La Guirlande de Julie was a collection of madrigals formed by the Duc de Montausier (1610-1690) in honour of his wife Julie d'Angennes. Several men of letters of the day contributed to it, including Corneille.

Page 116. 1. 4. me fit reconnaître. In 1815 the remains of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were exhumed in the cemetery of La Madeleine by order of Louis XVIII. Chateaubriand was présent on the occasion.

1. 14. si je ne V avais rappelé. On January 9, 1816, Chateaubriand, in an éloquent speech, demanded in the Chambre des

Pairs that a monument should be erected by the Nation to the unfortunate child who had borne in his own person the sins of a race of kings.

1. 19. Royal- Allemand was the name of a Household régiment of which the Prince de Lambesc was colonel-in-chief.

1. 29. Le 14 juillet This event, which is the most important of those which hâve so far been mentioned by Chateaubriand, is generally regarded as the opening scène of the drama of the Révolution. The anniversary of the capture of the Bastille is still kept as a festival by Republican France.

1. 35. De Launey. Le Marquis de Launey was the Governor of the Bastille.

Page 117. 1. 2. sous Othon et Vitellius. Both thèse Roman emperors were companions of Nero. Otho proclaimed himself emperor in Spain, and instigated the murder of Galba in Rome. At the same time Vitellius was hailed as emperor by his troops in Germany. Otho, being defeated by the army of Vitellius at the Battle of Bebriacum (a.d. 69), committed suicide. Vitellius only reigned eight months, being in his turn crushed by the forces of Vespasian. He was torn in pièces by the Roman populace, and his remains were thrown into the Tiber.

1. 5. des sans-culottes, ' the destitute-of-breeches ' as Carlyle has translated this cant phrase. It was a name given to the men of the people during the Révolution.

1. 16. Longchamp was originally a Franciscan abbey famous for its sacred concerts during Holy Week. The road leading to it from Paris afterwards became the scène of an Easter fair.

Page 118. 1. 26. M. Baiïly was the first mayor of Paris. He is more noted as having been one of the chief astronomers of his day. He was executed in 1793.

1. 27. M. de La Fayette. He fought on the American side during the War of Independence, and distinguished himself in the defence of Virginia and at the capture of Yorktown. On his return to France he adopted revolutionary opinions and was made commandant of the National Guard. He was outlawed for plotting the escape of Louis XVI from Paris, and remained politically inactive till the Restoration. He was a second time leader of the National Guard under Louis Philippe in 1830.

1. 34. Madame de Polignac was governess of the children of Louis XVI and the favourite of Marie Antoinette.