TRIESTE (L. 7érgeste), a town of Illyria

1, 20. fanatisme, from fanatique, L. fanaticus.

1. 22. ἐδ δέ de 1825. The heroic siege of Missolonghi lasted from July 1825 ta April 22, 1826, when the town was taken by Ibrahim.

L25. /eplus expérimenté des anciens Clebhtes. Marco Bozaris[1789— 1823]. Clephée, a thief, a highwayman (Gr. κλέπτηΞ).

1. 26. a commencé de s'introduire, has begun to introduce itself. Commencer takes indifferently the preposition à or 4 before another verb.

L 36. un homme qui se croyait garant. ‘The emperor of Russia, Alexander IL., is meant here,

l. 40. ane guerre immense, the war against Napoleon.

1. 42. des troubles récents de la Russie; allusion to the conspiracy . which broke out in 1826, shortly after the death of Alexander I., and which was the result of the efforts made since 1817 by secret political societies, framed on the model of those of Germany.

P. xi.l. 13. On dit qu’ Alexandre... ALEXANDER I. PAULOWITZ[1777— 1825] succeeded in 1801 to his father Paul I., as emperor of Russia.

L 18. du débordement de la Newa. This terrible inundation took place on the roth of November, 1824, when property to the amount of 100,000,000 roubles ({4.000,000) was destroyed in St Petersburg. The people regarded this calarnity as a judgment of heaven for not having assisted their Christian brethren in Greece during their recent and frightful persecution from the Turks.

L 21. Avant son départ pour la Crimée. Alexander left for the Crimea on the 1st of September (old style, 13th}, the day after a solemn service had been celebrated in the cathedral of Kazan, on the translation of the bones of the great prince Alexander Newski from the place of his sepulture at Vladimir to that holy fane on the banks of the Neva.

L 28. MissoLoNGuHiissituated in Ætolia, at the mouth of the gulf of Patras. —.

1.45 MONTESQUIEU (Charles de Secondat, baron de) {1689—1755], a distinguished writer. Principal works: Zes Lettres Persanes (1721), Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur dt de la décadence des Romains (1734), L'esprit des Lois (1748). |

P. xïi.1.25. PIE VII. (Barnabas Chiaramonti) [1740—1823] elected Pope in r800. Persecuted and imprisoned by Napoleon.

1. 27. deuil, mourning (O. F. doel, duel, deul), from the L. dofere.

a 1.34. Za Grèce meurt longtemps, it takes a long time for Greece to ie. 1. 45. multiplier les cordons de têtes.

‘6Le sérail ;...cette nuit il tressaillait de joie. Au son des gais tambours, sur des tapis de soie, Les sultanes dansaient sous son lambris sacré, Et, tel qu’un roi couvert de ses joyaux de fête, Superbe, il se montrait aux enfants du prophète, De six mille têtes paré !”—( Victor Hugo.) 1. 46. sérail. (Turk. seraï, a palace.) P. xiii. L 23. à fous des titres, in every respect. faire de pieuses quêtes, make pious collections. Quéfe (from the L. guæsitus) means originally search ; “Ils conviennent de prix et se mettent en guëte.” (La Fonfûine.) 1.39. HyDrA (L. Æydrea), an island on the western coast ot Argolis.

‘6 Adieu, fière patrie, Hydra, Sparte nouvelle ! La jeune liberté par des chants se revèle ; Des mâts voilent tes murs, ville de matelots !— (Victor IZi80.) P. xiv. L 2. rêve, truce (O0. F, #rive, from the Gothic #riggua), originally security, peace.

1. 15. ces balles paroles de Chrysostôme. CHRYSOSTOM (041) [Ὁ 344— 467}, archbishop of Constantinople (397), one of the most learned, and certainly the most eloquent of the Greek fathers. The words here quoted in 8 French translation, by M. Villemain, form part of the celebrated discourse which Chrysostom addressed to the emperor Theodosius I., who had threatened to destroy Antioch in consequence of a violent sedition.

L 27. jonchké, strewn, from jonc, a rush.

L 29. la citadelle d'Athènes, assiégé par les Turcs. Athens capitulated on the r7th of May, 1827. |

L 32. On n'a pas voulu, See Lord Byron’s ‘ Childe Harold,” canto 11. st. 11) 12, 13.

h 1. 34 garnison, garrison, from garnir, in its first sense of to defend, thus . - ‘“de Saragoce Charles guarnist les tors.” (Chanson de Roland.)

1. 36. ce généreux Français. The officer alluded to here is general Fabvier [r783—1855]; he had started for Greece in 1823. He became a peer οἱ France (1845), and was sent as ambassador to Constantinople in 1848.

L 39. Ze traité...The date of the treaty is really July 6th; it was signed between England, France and Russia; Sir A. Alison calls it ‘“the corner-stone of Greek independence, and one of the most glorious diplomatic acts of which modern Europe can boast.” (Æisétory of Æurope, 2nd series, vol 111.)

P. xv. 1. 8. Une réponse éoquente οἱ simple..general Sébastiani (Horace) [1775—1851], mentioned here, bad been French ambassador at Constantinople in 1806.

L 17. Za supplique, the petition.

L 18. Congrès de Laybach. This congress, first convened at Troppau, in Austria (Oct. 1820), was transferred to Laybach (L. Œronia) in Illyria on the 8th of January, 1821. Its object was to put down by force of arms the revolutionary movement then rife throughout Europe.

.1. 28. a rébonse du divan...For the counter-manifesto of the Porte, see Sir À. Alison’s Æistory of Europe, 2nd series, vol. IIL pp. 220,221. divan (Ar. diouan, council, collections of poetry), the Turkish ministry.

1. πὸ la chancellerie, the state-paper office ; originally the office where public documents are stamped with the government seal.

Las. Canning a cessé de vivre... CANNING (George) [1770—1827], one of the greatest statesmen and corators of modern times ; took an active part in the negociations which led to the independence of Greece.

£ Pr L 15. TAUROMINIUM (7Zuormina), a town on the eastern coast of Sicily.

1. 16. vignobles, viueyards; (L. viniopulens, contracted into vinio- L'lens). Vignoble is also an adjective. |

1.22. sn peuple rare, a thin population, Sy. clair-sené. Raré can be placed either before or after the substantive with which it agrees, but the sound must decide; rare homme, rare livre, rare peuple, would not do.

P.2,1 3. PÉTRARQUE. Francesco Petrarcha, a celebrated Italian poet, born at Arezzo in 1304, died in 1374. His principal works are sonnets and canzonets, distinguished by a melancholy sweetness which has never been surpassed. Many of his compositions were inspired by his love for the celebrated Laura de Noves.

1.7. BoccAcE. Giovanni Boccaccio \1313—1375], a well-known Italian author, the friend of Petrarch. His principal work is a collection of tales entitled 37 Decamerone (the ten days), which has placed him at the head of Italian prose-writers. .

PoGGE. ορνίο Bracciolini [1380--- 440] was apostolic secretary to Boniface IX. and the seven following popes. He was a learned and vigorous writer, and an accomplished scholar. The fc#ions frivoles here alluded to are the F7aceñie. "

1. 16. MAHOMET II. [1429---1481], sultan in 1451. He took Constantinople in 1453.

L 19. peuple schismatique.….The schism began in 858 under the patriarch Photius, and was finally accomplished in 1053 by the patriarch Cerularius. The last council of Florence took place in 1439. .

1. 23. ZL’annonce, the news. Annonce means also an advertisement, thus :

‘éTupiter eut un jour une ferme à donner; Mercure en fit l'annonce, et gens se présentèrent.” (Za Fontaine.)