Suisses, the Swiss Guards
8, 3. Dauphin, when Humbert IL ceded the province of " Dauphiné " to Philippe VI. of Valois (1349), it was stipulated that the heir apparent to the throne of France would take the title of " Dauphin." 5. Blanches . , . tricolores, white is now the colour of the Bourbons and the '"' ancien régime ; " red that of the Democrats ; and the three colours, blue, white, and red together, represent the Republican party, as well as those who believe in a limited monarchy. 9,11-12. 6 octobre (1789), the attack on the Castle of Versailles by the mob, who insisted on Louis XVI. coming to Paris. II-I2. \\ juillet (17S9), the taking of the Bastille by the people.
10, 33. Temple {Le), originally a monastery in Paris occupied by
the Templars and other monastic orders. Part of the building was used as a prison during the Révolution.
11, 33. La Marseillaise, see Rouget de L'Isle in the Index.
12, 40. Parlementaire, one who in the civil war called "La
Fronde," sided with the Parliament and "Tiers-État" against the Cardinal Mazarin, 1648- 1653, during the minority of Louis XIV.
13, 3-4. L'attintat du 21 Janvier (1793), exécution of Louis XVI.
28. Comité de salut public, see list of Asaemblies, note, p. 6,
17, 24, Jacobins, members of a political club composed of extrême
Democrats. They originally met in an ancient monastery
of Jacobin monks.
25. Convention, see list of Assemblies, note, p. 6, 1. 12. 33. Impériaux, a name given since the sixteenth century to the
troops of the Germau Empire.
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18, 7 . Les montagnards (from "montagne, mountain), seated on the highest benclies in the house, they represented the extrême Démocratie party ; the group " la Plaine " (the plain) or "le Marais" (the marsh) was lower down, and moderate in their vievvs. Their enemies called them "les crapauds (toads) du Marais." S. Les girondins, see Vergniaud in the Index. 22, 6. Revêtement, a solid coating with which moats are lined. 25, 20. Acecniués, emphasized.
31, (olii^il batte son urricre-dan, let them (the people) call to arms their arriere-ban (last reserves) ; "battre," to beat, because the summons was made with a drum. 34. Lignes de Wissembonrg, see Wissembourg in the Index.
29, 13. Encan, auction. O. Fr. "en quant;" Lat. "in" and
" quantum." 14. Livre, a French coin, now called a franc ; the word is still used, however, in such expressions as " il a 10,000 livres de rente," he has an income of 10,000 francs.
30, 12. Abatis, from "abattre," to pull down.
31, 6-7. Sans rompre d'une semelle, without flinching ; in fencing,
" rompre " means to retire in parrying ; " semelle," sole (the width of a sole).
13. Le vainqueur de iii/«-o/, Louis II., Prince of Condé, surnamed " Le Grand Condé," beat the Spaniards at Rocroi (see Index) 1643 ; he had to be awakened before the battle.
32, 12. DêhlocHS, a military term. The action of raising a bloc',-:ade
or of causing it to be raised. It is used hère in the lalter sensé.
33, 3S, L'éjyée de DamocVes, the sword of Damocles, one of the
courtiers of Dionysius of Syracuse (fourth century B.C.) To show him that kings were not so happy as he thought, the tyrant invited him to a sumptuous Entertainment, at which he caused a naked sword to be suspended over his head by a single hair.
38, 17. Sans reproche, being without reproach, having nothing
with which to reproach myself.
39, 17. Cannes, a monastery of Carmélite friars in the rue
Vaugirard, in Paris, used as a prison during the Révolution.
19. Conciergerie, part of the Palais de Justice (law-courts) ; it was originally the résidence of the judge called in Paris "Concierge du Palais de Paris" (98S), afterwards " Bailli du Palais " (1348) ; concierge now means porter, docr-keeper,
40, II. Fotirnée, a batch, an oven-full, from "four," an oven.
C/. " brassée," an arm-fuU ; "poignée," a handful ; " maisonnée,'' a house-full, &c.
•45, 25. Un supplice invoUc 2)onr abréger les sotifrances, the guillotine, invented by GuiUotin, a celebrated doctor (1738-
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1814). Before the Révolution noblemen were beheaded and commoners hanged ; the Assembly, December I, 17S9, abolished this distinction.
46, 2. Terroristes, name given to the partisans or agents of the " régime de la Terreur," which began with the fall of the "Girondins" (see Vergniaud, "Index") May3I, 1793, and lasted until the fall of Robespierre, July 27, 1794 (9 thermidor an II.) ; the principal victims of this " régime " were î^Iarie-Antoinette, Madame Elisabeth (sister of Louis XVI.), the "Girondins," the duke Louis-Philippe Joseph d'Orléans (Philippe-Egalité), André-Chénier, Madame Roland, &c., &c.
5. Frairial, see Republican Calendar, p. 142. 27. Thermidor, see Republican Calendar, p. 142.
49, 3. Choiiarinerie, see "Index," Cottereau. 20. Roturiers, see note on p. 5, 1. 37.
51, 13. Une guerre de partisans, a partisan war, one which con«
sists in surprising the enemy's convoys and performing other feats of desultory warfare.
25. Hiejuisition, a levy, decreed by the Convention, calling eut ail Erenchmen not married, and from eighteen to twenty-fîve years of âge.
52, 16. Monsieur, the title given to the eldest brother of the
king from the seventeenth century ; Monsieur le Comte d'Artois (Charles X.) was the last who bore that title.
59, 32. L^aeqnittemevt des bons, the paying of the bills ; bills generally begin with the words, " Bon pour la somme de . . ." — i.e., this is good for the sum of • . ., hence the name " bon " fer bill.
61, 2. Sons anciens, an apostrophe, good people of the olden limes.
63, 33. Fanthéon, one of the finest monuments in Paris ; originally
the church of " Ste. Geneviève," the patron Saint of Paris. The French Assembly in 1791 decreed that it should be called " Panthéon," and become a monument erected to the memory of great men ; it bore on its frontispiece the words, "Aux grands hommes la patrie reconnaissante ; " in 1852 it was once more restoied to its original destination.
64, 13. Embaueher les soldats, to gain over the soldiers, to induce
them to désert ; from en in, and hauehe a place (vvhere work is donc, where a workman is employed) ; "débaucher" means to entice away (from work or right) ; emhaucJter and débaucher are used by workmen in the sensé of to begin and to leave off work.
65, 15. Commune, the smallest territorial and administrative
division in France.
32. Ont insulté à ; the verb " insulter " may be used as au active or as a neuter verb ; when neuter it adds to iîs
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previous sensé that of meanness and cowardice ; "insulter à la faiblesse," is to take advantage of weakness to insuit it.
66, 13. Vint moitiller, came and cast anchor ; " mouiller l'ancre," to anchor.
68 16. La réaction Viermidoriemie, see Republican Calendar, p. 142, " 9 and 10 thermidor."
