NOIES
Line 18. — s'unît. — The subjnuctive is iised after relative pronouns preceded bj- superlative adjectives, by le seul, l'unique, le premier, le dernier, and also by négative clauses.
Liue 10. — qu'il était. — Que is frequently used in order to prevent tbe répétition of other conjunctions, such as, si, qu nidf pourquoi, cornme, and those ending in que ; hère it is used ior parce qvc.
Line 33. — la Marseillaise — The uarne giveu to the famous song of " the Freneh Révolution. It was composed at the request of the May or of Sti-asbourg, by Roiiget de Lisle, in honor of a régiment of voluuteers about to leave that city iu 1792. It was ealled by its author Chant de giierre d* l'armé» du Bhin. Though well known throughout the country, it remained unkuown to the Parisians until sung when the men of Marseilles were ealled to the capital ; aud it was therefore named "Hymne des Marseillais," or briefly "La Marseillaise." It is now again the national anthem of France.
Line 37. — et qu'ils &c.^See Note, p. 5, 1. 33.
Page 12.
Line 10. — chef. — f is silent in the compound ehcf-é'œuvr* ; also in the words clef, baillif, cerf, and plurals of bœuf and œùf.
Line 20. — I^a Fayette &c. — Thèse, at one time oiîticers of the royal army, adopted révolu tionary principles and held commands in the armies of the Eepublic. Biron and Custine, as well as La Fayette, had served in the American War of Independence. Thèse two afterwards fell victims to the Eevolutionary Tribunal. Dumoui-iez died in England. See Note, p. 7, 1. 36.
Line 24. — se rétablir. — To prevail again.
Line 27. — Valmy. — A village on the Marne, near Chalons, the scène of a Prussian defeat, 1792.
Line 28. — Jeinmapes. — A town in Belgium, not far from Mons. It was this victory over the Austrians that led to the conquest of Belgium.
Line 33. — horreur. — The r's are strongly sounded in horreur, terreur, and erreur ; in the future and conditional of mourir, counr, and acquérir ; and in words beginning with irr and carr. Chambaud's instructions are " suoring half a dozen of r's between your teeth."
Page 13
' Liae 3. — l'attentat &c. — Eeferring to the exécution of the king.
Line 4. — selon moi. — In my opinion.
Line 5. — pose en prîucipe. — Lays down as a principle.
Line 13. — à ce point &^c. — So far forgotten that it was necessai-y in 1793 to replace by the Keign of Terror the zeal and gênerons enthusiasm of 1789. (" The rash though gênerons enthusiasni." — Perntt.)
Line 21. — le supplice. — The exécution.
Line 23. — la Convention nattonale. — The name given to the third asseml)ly of the "Révolution which met for the fîrst time 22nd September, 1792. The character of this Convention was more Eevolutionary than that of the preceding, and in it the Mountain party ^vpre more poverful.
Line 35. — cliai-riés — Caiied.
Page 14.
Line 1. — nous. — That is, the French.
Line 6.— le Saint-Siège — The Holy See.
Line 7. — la Vendée. — Formerly a di^asion of the province of Poitou, now a maritime department on the Bay of Biscay, a little south of the mouth of the Loire. It was the Btronghold of the Eoyalists during the Révolution. See Part II., Chap. I.
Line 12. — .4xdennes. — A forest district in the North of France and South of B'.lgium.
Line 15. — cantonnements d'hiver. — Winter quarters.
Line 16. — Mense. — (Dutch, Maas). A river rising in the ÎSTorth of France, flowing through BLlgium and Holland into the North Sea. Liège is an important town of Belgium ou this river.
Line 18. — mars. — s souuded.
Line 20. — Maestricht. — A city of Holland on the Maas.
Line 22. — fois. — ^Distinguish fois from temps : the foi-mer refers to répétition, as deux fois, plusieurs fois; the latter to duration.
Line 27. — ajournée. — ^our is the gênerai word for day, and means any day; journée means the time between rising and going to bed, and has référence to a particular day, usually with spécial relation to duration of time.
Line 29. — andace etc.— Boldness and success.
Line 30. — matériel. — Material of war, or stores.
144 NOTF.S.
Line 30. — Xerwinrte, — <>r Neerwinden. — A village of Be";^ iim aV)oii' half-w:;y between Liège and Brussels.
Pag£ 15.
Line 2. — liouvaîn. — A Belgian town ou the Dyle, wliich is »
tributary of the Scheldt.
Liue 9.^ava,uceuient — Promotion.
Line 13.— aristocratie. — Pronounce final tie as if spelled cie in words derived from Greek, also in some names of conntries, as Dalmatie, Nigritie &c.
Line 17. — «•» rapport — In accordance witb — in keeping with. Liue 23. — contenu &c. — Upheld solely by custom. Line 24. — iiiœu.r.ï. — This noun bas no singular. The s is sonnded, Line 32. — peu équitables les obattacles. — Little justice in the
obstacles.
Line 34:.— libre coucurrence'.— Free compétition.
" es.sor. — Opération — play.
Line 39.— api>ia"dit à. — The foUowing are the most commonly occurring French verbs which take à before the noun, while the corresijonding verbs in English take no préposition : applaudir, convenir, défendre, se fier, obéir, iwi-doaner, permettre, plaire, promcUre, rép-judre, résister, succéder. Page 16.
Line 9. — decliéaiice. — ^Déposition.
Line 27. — dans &c. — Supply, " there appeared."
Line 20. — dont &c. — At which miyht hâve sometimes tnken
offence.
Line 30. — s'** *^â.t été. — An assumption not true,or a négative assumption, inti'oduced by si, reiiuirea the subjiiuclivo mood.
Line 33.— héros — See Note, p. 11, 1. 12. Line 39. — monde. — Society.
Line 40. — possédant. — CoutroUing. Compare English noun " selfpossession."
Line 1. — délicatesses. — Refinements.
" clioisie. — Select.
Line 10. — second. — The c has the sound of g in second, secret, and
their derivatives.
Line 16. — commerce. — Intercoiu^se.
Line 24. — ^jacobins. — Members of a political club compbsed of extrême Democrats. It was originally called the Club Breton, and was formed at Versailles in 1739. Wheu the
National Assembly removed to Paris, it met in the ha'J of the former Dominican Convent, which was called the Jacobin Convent. because situated in the Eue Ht. Jacques (Latin. Jacobus). It soon became even more powerfnl than the Assembly ; the agitation for the death of the king, the destruction of the Girondists, and the Eeign of Terror were the work of the Jacobins. The overthrow of Eobespierre, in 1794, was the death-blow ' of the club, and in the end of that year it was finally closfd- r
Line SL. — prit des dispositions. — Made arrangements — prepared.
Line 33. — loiiiériam. — Impérial, i. e., belonging to the German Empire.
Line 34. — wne trahison. — An act of treason.
Line 38. — compte. — From this word, -which cornes from Latin compvto, vre get Enghsh count, reckoning ; the word count. the title, is derived from the French comte, which ia from Latin cornes, companion.
Page 18.
Line 1. — conjnrer. — Avf-rt.
Line 2. — Comité de saint public. — This cominitt«e formed in 1793, was composed of members ehosen from the Convention, in whose hands was placed what was practicaUy suprême power.
Line ô — tribnnal reT^olntionnatre. — This was established at
the same time as the Committee of Public Safety, at the
« instance of Danton, to coërce and terrify his opponents.
Line 6. — enfin. — Finally — concluding the list of causes which produced the état affreux of Paris.
Line 7. — montagnards. — So called (from montagne, mountain) because they occupied seats in the highest part of the hall. They represented the extrême démocratie party. "The Législative Assembly was divided into three parties, a Eight, a Centre, and a Left; the ôrst Conservative, the last Eadical, and the second Moderate. The Left became known as the Mountain, and the Centre as the Plain." fMorris's History of Fr. Eev.)
Line 8. — girondins. — The chief men of the Plain or Moderate party were known by the name of Girondists, because their leading men were depûties from the department of Gironde They struggled bravely against the Montagnards and Jacobins, but in spite of their éloquente they were overthrown bv their pnemies, May 31st, 1793
1 40 XOTES.
Line 13 — arme.— Weapon.
Line 15. — s'y refusa. — Refused to do this. Se refuser takes à
after it.
Lice 16.— éclairer. — Enligbten, or iuform. Line 22. — disait-il. — He was in tlie habit of saying — Observe the
force of the imperfect.
Page 19.
Line 2. — se snbstitnait aux. — Took the place of.
Line 6. — se coiifomlaîent encore — Were still united.
Line 9. — par intérim. — Temporarily.
Line 12. — parcourut. — Took a surs'ey of.
Line 18. — «■»» n»aiïdat cl'amener.^A perem])toiy sunimons. Liter-
ally, a warrant to bring.
Line 20. — arrêt de iiiorT. — Senter of death.
" emporté. — Transported.
Line 22. — Pitt et Cobourg — pitt, prime minister of England, who was regarded by Freuch Eepublicans more as a nialignant fiend than a human foe. Ail hostile movements, no matter of what nature, or in wliat quarter, were attributed to the diabolicai enmîty of Pitt. The Duke of Saxe-Coburg was at this time commander of the allies in Belgium.
on enlève &c. — The republic is being deprived o^ her bravest defenders. Verbs which signifj- taking away, in EngUsh, are followed hj from ; in Freuch, by à, such as ôter, emjiorter.
Line 24. — et qui laillirent &c. — Which nearly cost the one who
had uttered them his life. See Note, p. 5, 1. 33. Line 26. — mit par écrit. — Put in writing. Far écrit is frequently used as an adjeetive with the meaning " written," as sûreté -païf écrit, written seciu'ity.
Line 27- — mémoires. — Masculine when it means menioir ; féminine
when it means mettiorij.
Line 38. — toute particulière. — Altogether peculiar — spécial. " que reclamait. — Demanded by. See Note, p. 2, 1. 20.
Page 20.
Line 2. — colonnes mobiles. — Flying columns. Line 3. — insaisissable. — Invisible — literally — that could not be
got hold of.
Line 6. — l'Ouest. — Sound st in ouest aud est (East). Line 10. — opérée. — ^Effected.
Liue 20. — qu'il faut itc. — which must be occupied.
Line 22. — détails. — Besides the noiuis uientioued in Y). Y. 39, a few otbers in a/ and ail form their plural by adding s, but they are not vtry commonly met witli.
Line 24. — Carnoi — A celebrated niathematiciau and niilitary i-.uglneer. "While commanding the Army of the Xorth he defeated the Austriaus at Wattignies ; he was a member of the Committee of Public Safetj% and afterwards. Miuister of War.
Line 25. — Pleurus. — A town of Belgium in the province of Hainault, situated on the Sambre. Hère Marshal Jourdan, in 1794, defeated the allies under the command of the Prince of Saxe-Coburg. In conséquence of this defeat Belgium was evacuated by the allies.
Line 28. — Douai. — A town near the Flemish frontier, in the exti-eme North of France.
Line 31. — sans s'émouvoir. — Without showing émotion.
Line 32.— et qu'il &c.— Sec Note, p. 5, 1. 33.
Line 35.— Je vous fais passer. — ^I send you — lite-rally — I cause to pass to you.
Page 21.
Line 1. — qu'il est d'iin &c. — That it is the work of a young man.
Line 2. — ti-aduit. — Summoned.
Line 8. — les représentants &c. — The Committee of Public Safety • was represeuted at the headquarters of ail the French
armies by persons appointed to supervise the action of the gênerais, and to report to Paris. Thèse représentatives frequently iuterfered in the conduct of the war, and in military matters of which they had no practical kuowledge. It was this interférence with his plans, and the unfaimess of their reports as to his share of the glory of the French victories that led to the enmity between Hoche and tlie Committee, and finally to his imprisonment.
Line 10. — soient. — Subjunctive a.iter jusque à ceqtw. D. F. 623.
Line 11. — sûr — ^Distinguish ,<sûr and sur, adjective and préposition — derived from Latin stcurus and super respectively.
Liue 18.— ce qu'on voudra. — Whatever they please. In English the présent tense is used in subordinate propositions, even when the référence is to future time, e.g., I shall tell him when I see him. French, Je le lui dirai quand je le verrai.
iq ' NOTES.
Lilie 17- — fUef «ie bataillon. — Chief of Battalion ; equal in rank to
Ml jor in tlie British arrni\ Line 19. — Duulcerqne — Dunkiik, a fortified town on the Straits of Dover, acqaired by England duriug thc Piotectorate, 'and af tenvards sold to France by Ciiarles II.
