P.A.GE
Line 5.— pai'veim — Succeeded.
Line 6. — il ent le tort — He naade the mistake — tort, from Latin
tortus, twisted — compare English wrong cognate ■with
verb wring.
Line 13. — soutenus — Supported.
Line 16. — touloiiaU — Toulonese — viz. those who had defended
the city of Toulon against the Republicans. It was at
this siège that Napoléon Bonaparte first distinguished
himself. See Carlyle, Vol. lU. Book VI. Chap. IH. Line 28. — se replia — Eetrea éd.
Liue 25. — impassible — Unmoved — perfectly calm. Line 28. — sons une &c — A shower of grape-shot, shells, and cannon-
baUs.
Line 31. — trois fois pins nombreuse — Thrice their number. Line 32. — files — Carefully distinguish, in meaning and pronuncia-
tion the four nouns file, fil, fils, and fille. Line 33. — fautUees — Mowed down — from noun faux, Lat. faix
scj-the.
Line 35. — avec un actiarnemeut ic — With unparalleled fury. Line 38. — rendez-vous &c. — The meeting-place appoiuted. Line 40. — H faut dès lors &c. — The idea of conquering had thence-
forth to be abandoned.
Page 74.
Line 1. — celle ci .s'exécute — This was elïocted.
Line 3. — se «léploie — Deployed — spread.
Line 4. — avant qu'ils n'aient — Que coming after the words^ZMS, moins, mieux, autre and autrement, requires ne before the' verb following. Hère avant lias a comparative meaning, and the same construction is used.
Lino 5. — pour contble lie mallieur — To crown their misfortuue.
Liue 7. — en pleine poitrine — FuU in the breast.
" biscaieu — Musket-ball — Bisca'ien is properly a long-bar-
relled musket, so-called from ^îscflî/e in S^jain, where it was first used.
Line 19. — sur — Ont of.
Line 24. — rade- -Eoadstead.
Liue 2f . — de descendre à terre' — To land.
Line 29. — blessé à mort — Mortally wouuded.
Line 31. c'est Iwi Sombvenil &c — It was this same Sombreuil
who was to struggle to the last witli Hoche for the possession of this hlocdy strip of land.
Line 3ô. — bonillant — Ardent — Compare Eng. feivciit from Latin ferveiis. 1 oiling.
Line 36. — morts — "'^Mio had died.
Line 37. — entraînée — Hurried.
Line 38.— ♦<>"* dernièrement — Quite recently.
Line 3.1. — éperdument — To distraciion.
Line 40. — noces — Marriage — from Latin )LU^tide.
Page 75.
Line 1. — fiancée — Bride.
" cingler — To sail.
Line 6. — de la conservation — On the rétention. Line 8. — ponr que &e — That its defence shouid be entrusted ex-
clusiveiy to his divisioi.
Line 11. — se trouvaient — There vreie.
Line 14. — pontons — Hulks — old or dismasted vessels used as
prisons.
" s'engager — To take service.
Line 15. — l'heure — The time.
Line 17. — la marée basse &c — The low water along the walls. Line 20. — en remarquant — Observing at the same time. Line 21. — gnéables — "Which could be forded — fordable. Line 22, — y amenait — Brought thither — i.e. to the Eepubhcan
camp.
Line 27. — dès le lendemain — The next day — Distinguish dés, dès
and des.
Line 30. — à la basse mer — At low tide. Line 33. — bommes d'élite — Picked men.
le rocber &c— See p. 69, 1. 17.
Line 36. — par ^m temps sombre — The sky Leing cloudy. Line 39. — mêlé de grêle &c.^ — Of mingled bail pnd icy raiu.
^ Page 76.
Line 1. — décbainés avec fureur — ^Let loose in ail iheir fury.
Line 2. — tonrbîllons^Whirlwinds.
Line 10. — a ut pî-emièio» lueurs — At dawn.
Line 12. — firent feu — Opened fire.
Line 13. — l'éveil — The alarm.
l88 NOTF.S.
Line 19. — ti-ansfnge — Déserter.
Line 21. — bnstioiine — Fortified.
Line 24. — s'occrocliaut &c. — Clinging to the 'brambles and shrubs.
Line 2ô. — crevasses — Crevices.
" se poussant &c — Pushing one another.
Line 27. — restait à gravir — Remained to be climbed.
Line 32. — plate-forme — Platform — the flat ground inside the parapet.
Line 34. — sur leurs pièces — At their gnns.
Line 3.5. — muraille — The 'word generally refers to the fortifications of a city &c — 7nur is the gênerai word for wall. See Note p. 23, 1. 10.
Line 35. — ^rebrousse cliemin — Retraced his steps.
Line 39. — dispose tout — Made ail arrangements.
Page 77.
Line 2. — H *»e s'agissait plus — It was no longer a question. Line 3. — ouverte &c — Which was now open to the ever increasing
tide.
Line 4. — d'arrêter — Checking.
Line 5. — débris — Remnants.
Line 6. — dans ce but— To this end.
Line 7. — d'urgentes &c — Hasty and vain measures. Line 10. — encombrée — Nott crowded.
Line 12. — en désespérés — In despair.
Line 14. — essayaient &c — Were endeavoring to re-form — i.e. to get
into proper order in their ranks, so as to resist the
enemy.
Line 17. — parvinrent à^Succeeded in.
Line 22. — pei-daient du terrain — Were losing ground. Line 24. — !"■ tourmente ,&c — The storm still made the waves high
— Distinguish tourmente, fem. storm, from tourmente,
mas. torment.
Line 26. — embarcations — Boats.
Line 28. — ^^ût — The verbs ignorer, nier, disconvenir, &c., govern the
subjunctive because, although there is no négative
Word expressed, they hâve themselves a négative mean-
ing.
Line 31. — désejspéré — In a desperate condition. Line 37. — à tort — Wrongly — render freely — but it is a mistake to
regard his flight as an act of treachery.
Page 78.
Line 1. — nt falre'force voiles — Crowded ail sail — the more usual expression is- /aire force des voiles — Observe the remarkable allitération, no less than five successive monosyllables beginning with the same aspirate. Distinguish voile, masc. veil, from voile, fem. sail.
Line 3. — quelques coups Sic — Some shots badly aimed took effect.
Line 5. — s'oiTi-ait alor» Sic — Was then presented to view.
Line 6. — écartait — Scattered — kept off.
Line 10. — roulés et brisés — Knocked down and bruised.
Line 19. — désert — Abandoned.
Line 21. — en face — In front.
Line 22. — avanç'aient toujours — Kept advancing.
Line 23. — Bas les armes &c — Down with your arms ! Patriots, corne over to us !
Line 24. — Rendez-vous Sic — Surrender — no harm will be done to y ou.
Line 25. — se porta Sic — Advanced in front of his men.
Line 27. — à sa rencontre — To meet him.
Line 30. — les^lois — This refers to the laws then in force against the émigrés, which imposed the penalty of death on any one of them who should set foot on French soil.
Line 31. — ne crut pas &c — Did not consider it in his power.
Line 34. — s'en remettre — ^Tield themselves — trust.
Line 36. — accorda une demî-lieure — It is difficult to imagine what idea Hoche had in granting this time, which he must hâve known was altogether insufficieut for the embarkation of the defeated Royalists. Under such circumstances the delay was only a mockery. It looks very much as if he had wished to obtain some crédit for a désire to save thèse unfortunate men, but at the same time had been too much afraid of the displeasure of his masters to allow them sufficient time to be of any real service.
Line 37. — dans cette circonstance — In regard to this occurrence.
Liu . 39. — ne fussent — But or but that in the middle of a sentence, meaning that not, is expressed in French by que ne or qui ne, with the verb in the subjunctive.
Page 79.
Line 2. — fit espérer <S:c — Gave his comrades reason to hope. Line 3. — récit — Accoimt.
Line i.—et qui— See Note p. 5. L 33.
IÇO NOTES.
Line 8. — on obéit — Tins order was obeyed.
Line 10. — rocs — There are three allied forms, roc, roche and rocher,
the second and thh-d dénote différent kinds of the first. Line 12. — régîiremeiit — The frenzy.
Line 15. — »»»»* pied à terre — Dismounted. Line 26.— jar«diq«e.s — .Judicial.
Line 29. — qu'on envoya — ^Mio were sent. Line 33. — pensait avoir — Thought that he had — penser, croire,
&c., are followed by the infinitive without a préposition.
Line 2. — flétrir — ^Dishonor.
Line 4. — entassés — Crowded.
Line 10. — dont &c — The existence of which,ho-weTer,it rvasimposgible for them to prove.
Line 12. — «ne convention régulière — A formai agreemenfc
Line 13. — sorties — Which had proceeded.
Line 17. — blancliis — Grown grey.
Line 18. — moraes — Dejected.
«< égarés — Mistaken.
Line 23 — froidement — Coolly — in cold blood.
Line 24. — aUait imprimer — Wonld stamp.
Line 26. — préposés à leur garde — Appointed to guard them.
Line 27. — faiblir — To waver — i. e. to be disposed to spare the prisoners.
Line 29. — avant de se dissoudre — Before its dissohition — this was immediately before the dissolution of the Convention, and the establishment in October, 1795, of the Directory with the Législative Coimcils of the Ancients and the Five Huudred.
Line 30. — holocauste — Sacrifice.
Line 34. — I^a question &c — The question whether there had, or had not been a verbal offer of terms of surrender, has given rise to interminable controversies.
liiue 39. — pièces justificatives — Notes — explanatory extracta.
Page, 81.
Line 2. — échappé — Who escaped.
Line 3. — l'air de route — A march.
Ljne 4. — la bêche sur l'épaule — With their spades on their
shoulders.
Line 7.— maîutien — Bearing.
Jiine 9. — plus de — See Note p. 40, 1. 14.
XOTLs. 191
Line 16. — qu'on lui &c — His eyes to be bandagecL
Liiio 17. — voir — To look.
Liue IS. — à se mettre &c — To kneel,
Line 20. — pour — To.
Line 21. — en — Like.
Line 23. — morts — "WTio died.
Line 21. — précieusement — Lovingly.
Line 2S. — On frémit — One sîiudders.
Line 31. — i^on le pouvoir — If he had power to grant them half-an-
honr, 'wiiy bad he not power to grant them more ? See
Note p. 78, 1. 36.
Page 82.
Line 4. — aux anglais — TVith the English. Line 5. — plus d'une fois — See Note p. 40. 1. 14.
CHAPTEE V.
THE B0Y.4XISTS CÛXTINTE THE STRUGGLE — COXFEREXCE OP THE REPUBLICAX GEXEK.AXS — HTPATIENCE OE HOCHE — C0iraA^"DER OF THE .tEMT OF THE WEST — AXOTHEB ENGLISH EXPEDITION— THE COMTE S'aHTOIS LANDS — FAILrKE OF THE EXPEDITION AND DEPAK- TUBE OF THE FLEET — DIFFICri-TIES OF HOCHE'S POSITION — PECULIAR CHARACTEB OF THE ^-ENDEAN WAR— HOCHE'S PLAN — LINE OF DIS- AEIIAMENT — THE BEACTION OF THEBMIDOE — THE THREE ABilIES UNITED XJNDER COîniAND OF HOCHE — TISIT TO PARIS^STATE OF THINGS ON HIS EETUBN — SUCCESS OF HIS PLAN — HIS LETTERS AT
THIS TIME — CHARETTE STTLL FIGHXING TAKEN PRISONER, TBIED,
AKD SHOT — LA VENDÉE PACIFIED — BBITANNT NEXT BEDrCED — CLOSE OF THE WAP. — HOCHE'S GOTEBNMENT OF THESE PEOVINCES — RESPECT AND ESTEEM IN WHICH HE WAS HELD ^ HIS SERVICES EECOGNIZED BY THE DIEECTORY.
Line 16. — I^a fni-eur (te — Esge took possession of his soul. " comme représailles — In retaliation.
Line 19. — témoignages— ;Mark3.
l.,ine 22.— liouis X^^II B^other of Louis XVI. and the Comte d'Ai-tois. — After the death of his nephew ia 1795, he assumed the title of Louis XVlll. Having frequently changed his place of résidence, he came to England in ISO7. where he remained uîitil the fall of Kapoleon in 1S14. Xext year he again fled, but was restored after the battle of Waterloo, and reigned till his death in 1824.
192 Noxr.s.
Line 22. — le cordon rouge — The red ribbon — i.e. he was a Knight of St. Louis, of which order the red ribbon was the embleru.
Line 27. — <enir tête à — Make head against.
Line 32. — huit ans — This is a mistake. He was bom on the 27th of March, 1785, and died on the 8th of June, 1795. He was, therefore, a little over ten at the tiine of his death.
Page 83.
Line 2. — en gémit — "Was deeply grieved at this.
Line 6. — moisir — Rusting — literally — growing mouldy.
Line 7. — Prétend.on &c — Is it the intention to wait for the rainy
season.
Line 8. — ^e voit-on — Do you not see. Line 11. — enflammez — Inspire — fill with enthusiasm.
" Fais — G-rant.
Line 14. — l'envoi — Despatch.
Line 15. — «» remplacement — In place.
Line 17. — il *»»* de nouveau &c — He gave fresh proofs. Line 19. — observation — Observance.
Line 23. — sans trêve — Without trace.
Line 25. — fût portée — Should beincreased. — Fût subjunctive after
obtint. See D. F. 569.
Line 34. — cadres — See Note p. 66, 1. 25. Line 37. — le comte d'Artois — See Note p. 67, 1. 31.
Page 84.
Line 1. — descendit — Landed.
Line 8. — l'ile Dieu — An island in the Bay of Biscay, about ten
miles from the coast of La Vendée.
" d'aborder en face — To land opposite it on the coast.
Line 6.-rdéjoua — Bafôed.
Line 9, — l»' liante marée — The high tide. Line 11.— parages— Quarters.
Line 16. — «» cojiçut &c — Was deeply irritated at this. Line 18. — H 1"* fallait &c — He had henceforth to struggle. Line 23. — Sèvre Nantaise — A river which rises in the Dep. Deux
Sevrés, and flows N. W. into the Loire opposite Nantes.
Tbere is another Sèvre, called Niortaise, which rises in
the same Depa4'tment,narQed from thèse two rivera, and
flows west into the Atlantic.
Line 26. — H «ût su/H &c — One victory wonld bave been sufflcient.
Korrs. ' 193
Line 29 — «If ««> rendre à son appel — To answer his call (for assistance.
Page 85
Line 6. — tout à la fots — At the same time.
Line 8. — bestiaux — Cattle — This -word is sometimes said to be the
plural of iétail ; but they are reaUy différent nouns, one
beiug used only in the singular, the other only in the
plural.
Line 12.— fasil— See Note p. 71, 1. 24.
Line 13. — n» paysan sans armes — An unarmed peasant — la pays
and its compounds, the letters a ani y do not form a
diphthong, but each letter is pronounced separatelj'.
The a having the sound of è.
Line 18. — manquaient de tout — W'ere iu want of everything. Line 19. — dénûment— Destitution.
Line 21. — ^n A"» enlevant &c. — By depriving it of arms. Enlever
like other verbs of taking away, is followed by d, and,
therefore, takes lui before it.
Line 24. — s'appuyait — Rested.
Line 26. — assez forts — Of considérable strength.
" liés entre eux — Connected.
Line 27. — patronilles — Patrols — patrolling parties. Line 28. — pût — Subjunctive after the relative lequels following a
négative clause. See D. F. 574 where négative is not
mentioned as it should be Line 29. — chargés — Listructed.
Line 31. — entassés — Stored up.
Line 33.— les pins notables — The leading.
Line 1. — sauf nne partie — Except a portion deducted as a tax. Sound the / in sauf.
Line 4. — s'entretenir — To fratemize.
Line 10. — qn'on leur assure — Let them be assured.
Line 19. — remise — Surrender.
Line 22. — e» les reserrant &c — By continually confining them within a narrow space, it would inevitably shut them up and capture them,
Line 24. — «« Directoire — To the Directory. — The new Executive body of the French Govemment, consisting of five men chosen by the National Convention. The new constitution, with two Législative Chambers and the Directory as executive, came into force October 27th, 1795.
Liue 36.-^des Aiicif ns— The upper house, consistinj^ oi 250 members.
Page 87-
Line 5. — contribue on applaudi à — Assisted or approved.
Line 6. — se rencontraient — Were met.
Line 10. — «ee Cabarus — Weliave nomeansof translatingthis into Enj,'lish exceptby the periphrasis — whose maiden name was Cabarus. — For a gi-a])liic description of this period, see CarlyleVol.ni.Book VIL Chap. IL, "La Cabarus."
Line 21. — On ne surprenait &c — In his conversation there were never detected any of those expressions by which the gênerai is betrayed who will be invited to tj-ranny by popularity.
Line 24. — q»i éblouissent &:c — Who dazzle — whose influence ia based on enthusiasm, and whom people follow as if infatuated.
Line 28. — on reconnaissait — There was recoguized.
Line 33.— en sûietc— Safe.
Page 88.
Line 6. — sans taclie— Staiulesg.
Line 12.— pour achever d'exécuter — To complète the exécution of.
Line 13. — d'après lesquel's — According to which.
Line 16. —il appartiendrait à Hoclie— It wuuld be the duty of
Hoche — literally — it would belong to Hoche. Line 20. — Angers — A town of Anjou on the river Mayenne, near its
junction with the Loire, the principal town of the
Department Maine et Loire.
" qu'il avait été &c — That his place hadbeenvery pooi-ly
supplied.
Line 27. — Tout cUangca de face— The appearance of everything
changed.
Line 29. — qu'il lui fallait &c — That he must in the fii'st place
overcome.
Line 81. — surveillé de près — Closely watched. Line 35.— Im» firent éprouver— luflicted on him— literallj"— caused
him to expérience.
Line 38.— jugé militairemeui— Tricd by court-martial.
Page 89.
Line 2. — s'attachait — Strove.
Line 4. — patriotes — This refers to RepuLlicaus not in the army.
Line 14, — estime de soi-même — Self-respect — not self-esteem, which is not generally regarded as a commendable qiiality.
" il poussait &c — He carried scrupulousness.
Line 15 . — dés int ère • senie nt — Distiuguish this noun f rom the adverb désintéressement.
Line 20. — manquait — Was, nevertheless, somelimes in want of actual necessarie?.
Line 21. — appointements — Salary — what a soldier or oificer receives is called his pay.
" en papier — In paper — in scrip. — Thèse bills were called
Assigyiats, and were issued by the revolutionary Government on the security of the lands of the nation. " «© réduisaient à rien — Sank to nothing in value. —
Carlyle relates the followiug incident, which will illustrate the value of thèse Assignats in Paris — " Combieti ?" said one to a Hackney-coachman, enquiring his fare. " Six thousand livres," answered he — (about JÉ300 stg.\
Line 23. — en les payant — On ppying for them. Observe that payer means to pay for.
Line 27. — délicatesse — Scrupulousness.
Line 29. — Hociie ne connaissait &c — Hoche knew nothing of power except the buiden.
Line 38. — o** voit &c — We see how well he was able to free himself.
Page 90.
Line 23. — repète — From verb répéter. Observe the change of accent
before e mute. See Note p. 22, 1. 25. Line 25. — en— To do so.
<< que je suis &c — That I am the author whose precepts
you mobt willingly remember.
Line 27. — s'épanche plus loin — Overflows further on — i.e. in hia
letter.
Line 29. — mécomptes — Disappointments.
Page 91.
Line 3. — *1 ti-essaîllit — His heart thrilled.
Line 7.— loi— See Note p. 38, 1. 7.
Line 8. — compatissait à — Sympathized with.
Line 15. — centaines — See Note p. 57, 1. 8.
Line 18. — debout — Standing — with the idea of activity. (Above
ground. — Pernet) .
Line 22.— *>ête fauve— Dcer.
Line 24. — qui eussent sauvé — Subjunctive of uncertainty with the relative toutes. Thèse terms might hâve saved his life if he had accepted them.
Line 28. — la lutte suprême — The final struggle.
Line 29. — épuisé — Exhausted.
Line 31. — se &*■ tuer — AUowed himselî to be killod.
Line 31. — sa grâce — His own pardon.
Page 92.
Line 2. — à travers — Through the midst of. Line 3. — accourues (fec — "Who had rushied out to meet theni. Line 8. — foi-mels — Spécifie — explicit.
Line 12. — à dessein — Intentionally.
Line 15. — devant la mort — In présence of death. Line 16. — commanda le feu — Gave the signal to fire — ^bade them fire.
" s'affaissa doucement &c — Sank gently down. — lu trans-
lating omit sur lui-même.
Line 27. — hors d'état — Not in a condition — nnable. " étreinte — Embrace — referring to cordon.
Line 28. — lui — Refers to étreinte.
Line 29. — acculer — To be driven.
Line 32. — négocia — Made terms.
Line 35 — Jersey — The largest of the Channel Islands, lying about
16 miles from the French coast.
Line 87. —l'enlacer d'un réseau &c — To interweave it with a network of Steel.
Page 93.
Line 1. — à rartministrer — To govern it. Line 4. — hommes exaltés — Extrême men — fanatica. Line 8. — ^renonçait à — Resigned his dictatorship. " plia à — Brought nnder.
Line. y réussir — T is used because réussir takes à after it.
Line 13. — des deux parts — On both sides — viz. from Bepublicans and Royalists.
Line 15. en lui accordant — Bestowing on him at the same time.
Line 22. — «-u plus foit — At the veiy climax.
Line 27. u'en Jouirai-je pas — En is used because jouir takes de
after it.
Lihe 31.— hien—Thoroughly.
Line 33. — qu'on avilisse &c — To be vilified in your house. Line 35.— haute— Exalted.
Line 2. — s'agrandir — To grow in strength.
Liue 6. — imposait — Insisted upon — required.
Liue 7. — le respect &e — Respect for property and person.
Line 15. — l» loi vivante — The living law — i.e. his word was held as good as the laws which were in actual force.
Line 27. — de le gagner — To gain him — i.e. to their cause.
Line 29. — MoncU — General Monck, who as commander of the army was chiefly instrumental in the Restoration o4,Charles n. to the Throne of Eugland m 1660.
Line 30. — connétable — Constahle — The constable of France was a militai-y officer of th«- very highest rank. He was ex officio commander-iu-chief of the army in the absence of the kiug, the highest judge in military oflences and questions of chivalry, and the suprême authority on ail points connected with tournaments and other military displays. The office was suppressed by Louis XIII. in 16£6, and was afterwards restored by Napoléon, There appears to hâve been an intention of restoring it at the period mentioned in the text, if the Bourbons could hâve succecded in recovering the throue of France.
Line S5. — parlera — This use of the future is almost unknown in English. We would rather say — was to speak
Line 36. — le héros de brumaire — Napoléon Bonaparte, who on N0V.9, 1799 (18 Brumaire, anVIII.), abolished the Directory and the two Councils, and was elected Consul.
Page 95.
Line 2. — faire juger militairement — Try by military courts. " quelques malheureux exaltés — A few unliappy enthu-
siasts.
Line 3. — taxé de — Accused of.
Line 6. — vous donnent le change sur — Deceive you as to — Faire prendre le change is another phrase having the same meaning.
Line 9. — l'Hôpital — Michel de l'Hôpital, Chanccllor of France in* the reign of Charles IX. The allusion hère is to his earnest but vain efforts in behalf of the toleration of Protestants. Although he was successful in preventing the establishmient of the Inquisition, and in obtaining many privilèges and benefits for the Huguenots, he was in the end unable to prevent civil war, and retired to private life. The news of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew is said to hâve broken his heart.
Line 9. — Sully — The celebrated minister of Honiy IV. He was a great financier, ihoroiighly devoted to his master'B interests, and disliked by the extrême men of both parties. He died in 1G41.
Line 20. — qu'il serait fait &c. — That Hoche should be presented with.
Line 22. — pistolets d'iionnenr — Présentation pistols.
