L\TI

Brief, brave, and glorious was his young career,

His mourners vreie two hosts, his friands and foes,

And fitly may the stianger lingering hère

Pray for his gallant spirit's bright repose ;

For he was Freedom's champion, one of tbose,

The few in number, who had not o'erstept

The charter to chastise which she bestows

On such as wield her weapons ; he had kept •

The whiteness of his seul, and thus men o'er him wept.

Page 119.

Line 5. — conviés — Invited.

Line 6. — *ete fanèbre — Funeral célébration.

Line 12. — s'attirer sur enx — To attract.

Line 15.— plus il montait &c.— The higher he rose, the greater he appeared.

Line 16. — l'on est d'accord &c. — AH agrée in acknowledging — Napoléon said of Hoche, "If he had lived, he wotdd either hâve conquered me or yielded to me. As he was fond of money and pleasure, he would hâve yielded to me." The love of money seems a strange accusation to bring against a man who, with uumberless and unUmited

2 1 4 NOTF.S.

oi4^ortnnitiesofacquiringwealth— opportunitiesofwhich other gênerais similarly situated were not slow to avail themselves, still remained poor, and who sacrificed his wife's fortune to assist the Directors in their schemes against the Législative Councils.

Line 19. — cacliet — Stamp.

Line 21. — de soi— Of self.

Line 22. — saillants — Striking — The English form of the vrord is " Salient."

Line iô. — désinferessement — Unselfishness — Distinguish this Word from the adverb désintéressement.

Line 26. — q»»» n'euj &c. — ^Which never had any other object than the V, elfare of his country.

Line 29. — de n'en pas avoii— OSTot to possess iu — i.e., not to be honest.

tn me recommandes &c. — This probably refers to the time when he handed over his wife's fortune to Barras, and his coUeagues in the Directory. See Note, 1. 16.

Line 31. — «» nom sans tache— A staialess name. Distinguish fâche — stain, froia tâche task.

Line 33. — mieux — More entirely.

■■ coeur — Affection.

Page 120.

Line 1. — pi-oches — Relatives — This noun is not used in the singtilar.

Line 2. — au tiers Szc. — To this one and that one — to everybody — literally — to the third and to the fourth.

Line 3. — de moins — Less — Distinguish from du moins, at least.

Line 4. — si j'en avis besoin — The meaning is that ail his friends had was at his service if he required it, whereas if he had been less gênerons and open-handed, his friends would hâve been less disposed to assist him — in other words, he would hâve had less in his friends' purses.

Line 5. — à cet égard — In this respect.

Line 6.— il faut remonter — We must go baek — i. e., in history.

Line 7. — du Guesclin — Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France and the most renowned French gênerai of the 14th century. He was no scholar, but excelled in ail kinds of military exercises. He was taken prisoner first at Auray by the English, and again by the Black Prince in Spain. He was the principal gênerai of Charles V. in his war with the En|;lish. He died in 1380.

Line 7. — la sienne — His — i. e., the life of Hoche.

Line 11. — sangsues — Bloodsuckers — ». e., extortioners, robbers.

Line 12. — la pai-faite &c. — Perfect self-possession.

Line 14. — »*« lireut voir — Tbey exhibited.

Line 15. — de fougue itc. — Impetuosity in action.

Line 16. — ils fiivut avancer &c. — Tbey caused the art of war to

make progress — more freely — they reformed the art of

war.

Line 17. — mères — The sources.

Line 18. — modernes — PUiral, because it qualifies both tactique and

stratégie. D. F. 426.

Line 27. — ne s'**» mi* &c. — Xever troubled himself about it — i. e. ,

never considered it a thing to be sorry about. Line 30. — pour en combler &c. — To supply the deficiency. Line 34. — sève — Vigour — lit^rally, sap.

Line 35.— «* nourrissait &c — Fed with delight. Line 37. — thefs — Alluding chiefly to Cincinnatus. — See Note p.

Line 33. — de conduire &c. — By holding the plough. Line 40. — dégagés &c. — Freed gradually from that bombastic tone

which was very prévalent at that time in officiai lan-

guage — ^For a graphie description of this officiai style

see Macaulay's Essay on Barère.

Page 121.

Line 3 — arrive an goA( — Attained to good taste — i. e., in his

literary style.

Line 11. — ne donna p^int &c. — Gave no ordinary proof of good

sensé.

Line 14. — * travers Sic. — Through the charm of a too seductive

style. Line 19. — quelques-unes — Eefers to lettres, 1. 17. Line 23. — On y trouve &c. — Some dark shades are found there

also — i.e., in the character of Hoche.

Line 29. — à faire violence à — ]jk restraining — in controlling. Line 30. — ennemie de — Which was impatient of. Line 32. — opposée — Of an opposite character. Line 35. — abattements — Periods of déjection. " défaillances — "Weaknesses.

Page 122.

Line 1. — sa hante raison — His sound sensé.

" reprenaient l'empire — Resumed control.

21 6 NoTLi.

Line 5. — il risqua &c. — He was in danger of himself imperilliug the liberty of his country, while believiag that he was doing her a service.

Line 6. — U se trompa &c. — He was mistakea, but honestly so. Line 12.— au sein — In the midst.

Line 13. — eût compris — See Note, p. 9, 1. 19. ^ Line 15. — sérieusement — Solemnly.

Line 17. — ^Jamai* non plus &c. — Nor would he ever — more liter-

ally, no more would he ever.

Line 20. — Plutarque — Plutarch — A Greek writer of the ârst century who wrote the Lives of celebrated Greeks and Romans Line 21. — Cimon — One of the most celebi-ated of the Athenian gênerais during the Persian wars.

" Phoclon — Another celebrated Athenian, noted as an

oppouent of Demosthenes in the discussions regarding Philip of Macedon.

" Paule-Emile — JEmilius Paulus, a famous Eoman consul

whoperished in the battle of Cannas, in which Hannibal the CartÎTaginian gênerai so signally defeated the Romans.

Jr.tGK 123.

Line 6. — faubourg Saint-Germain — This was the aristrocratic quarter of Paris at the time of the Révolution.

Line 11. — les livrait— Gave them up — i.e., to trial and death.

" par — On account of — The meaning is that the mère fact

of living in a certain part of the city, of being of noble rank, or of a certain family, &c., was sufficient to send them to the scaSold.

Line 27. — affamé — Starved.

Line 23. — afficlié — Made a show of — displayed — derived from affiche, a placard or hand-bill.

Line 30. — bou — Good enough — i.e., sufficient to condemn.

Line 31. — dans sa section — In one's district.

Page 124.

Line 4. — Us épiaient — They watched for — ^In Old French, the verb was written espier, whence our words " espy " and "spy."

Line 6. — détenus — Pi-isoners.

Line 19. — On prolongeait àc. — The route was lengthened.

Line 21. — c'éti it l'assassinat &c. — It was murder tnraed into a

sh. w. and a sport for a whclt' iiation. Line '2.5 — la f . pitnlation dite — The alleged capitolation. Line 2^. — que -'on prête — Which are attrihuced. Line 31.—^» — In regard to this.

Paoe 125.

Line 6. — tout ce qne ilc. — AU vrho were émigrés. Line 16. — sans autorité — ^Uuauthorized.

Line 19. — de sommer JLc. — To call upon Hoche on his honour to

cause the promises which he had received from him to

he respected.

Line 26. — émigrés — Italieized to express the fact that it was only

the Republicans in the enemy's ranks to whom the

ofEer of qiiarter had been made.

Line 28. — démenti — Contradicted — Accordiug to the laws then in

force every ém igrt "who set f oot on the soil of France

was to be ptinished by death.

Line 29. — nette — Defiuite — expUcit.

Line 3.5. — 1^ »»i'* &c. — Put him under an-est. . Line 36. — «!»»« vous ne &c, — That you will not be offende5

Page 126?

Line 1. — H ^^ pourrait &c. — A man of honour could never betray plighted f lith — literally — It could not happen to a man of honour, «Sn-.

Line 4. — c't-st qu'ils îc. — It is because they appropriated to themselTes.

Line 6.— ï*ris<w"»*«'^ enrôlés — Referring to those French Republicans who had been prisoners in England, and who, to find means of escape, had accepted the cffer of liberty on condition of tain" n g service in tue Eoyalist expédition. See p. 7.5, U. 10 — 17.

Line 8. — proclamons &c. — Let us déclare most emphatically.

Line 9. — nne perfidie — An act of treachery.

Line 19. — arrête — Decrees. See Note, p. 37, L 7.

Line 23.— également— Also.

Line 23. — et dacs lequel è:x:. — From which Hoche borrowed. See Note. p. .5, 1. 33.

Line 1 — autant se faire &c. — As far as possible — Observe the

peculiar order.

Line 2. — l'app4t du butin — The désire foi plunder.

2l8 NOTES.

Line 3. — les flibustiers &c. — The buccaneers in the West Indies. The nvLvae flibustier — in EngUsh, filihiister — is derived from the SpanisVi flibote or filibote, a small fast-sailing boat, and means a lawless military adventurer — especially one in quest of phinder. It was, as the dérivation shows, originally applied to those who infested the West Indian seas.

Line 7. — On pourrait &c — There might be incorporated.

" lies condamnés &c — Those condemned by law to im-

prisonment or the galleys.

Line 14. — Faire espt'rer &c — To give the convicts hopes of the remission of their punishment.

Line 17.— Noyau — Nucleus.

Line 20. — Un cher unique &c — A single leader entrusted with the entire management of the opérations.

Line 24. — H ne faut &c — It must uot be lost sight of.

Line 25. — Aussi peu &c — So few men.

Line 32. — Soit soit — Either or — but both and would

express the meaning better.

Page 128.

Line 4. — A mesure &c — A% they advance. See Note, p. 21, 1. 13.

Line 12. — Et ne point &c — And no quarter must be shown.

Line 29. — Voilà bien &c — Just look at our Frenchmen.

Line 32. — Ainsi que &c — As some frantic démagogues hâve become. The participai adjeetive enragés is hère placed before the noun contrary to the rule, D. F. 438. This order is admissible in familiar speaMng or writing.

Page 129. •'

Line 2. — Moutonnière — Sheep-hke — i.e. , following each other like

a flock of sheep — not " sheepish," which in French is

penaud or niais.

Line 3. — Rentiers — Fund-holders — men of independent means —

Properly speaking, those who hâve money invested in

stocks, &c.

" Actuels — For the time being.

Line 6. — Peu importe — Are of Uttle importance — Translate after

i'opi iiion continuelles.

Lma 8. — Cv;mi»-.Ginis &:c — ^Injured by constant disturbances.

Poui-vu que lij, - ■iovidi.-d their soup is hot, and they

are not asked lor ta".i.?. .

Line 13. — Comporte — Allows — permits ot

XOTES. 2 1 9

Line 16. — Par cela &c — From the very fact that he was a monarch. Line 21. — Le tiers Etat — The t±iird Estate — i.e., tho Gommons as

di<;-,iaguished from the Nobility and the Clergy. Line 30. — Reéligible — Eligihle for réélection. Be-eligible is given

in the dictionaries as an English word, but it is scarcely

ever used.

Line 31. — Pour moitié &c — Only so far as half the members are

concemed.

Page 130.

Line 1. — Comliien indécises &c — How undecided, nnpractical, and sometimes even contradictory, were his ideas as to political organization in gênerai.

Line 7. — fonction — Duty.

Line 17. — réglementé &c — Controlled, and not taken advantage of, or, managed.

Line 18. — Desquels — From wham.

Line 2?. — Menées — Schemes.

Line 32. — qne de — In such sentences que has a conductive or appositive force. It is frequently used in this way between two nouns as — c'est une passion dangereuse que le jeu — Gaming is a dangerous passion.

Line 33. — Chez qui — In the case of the man who.

Line 33. — ImniLsction dans — Concem vnth.

Line 36. — Etonne — Is sivrprising.

Page 131.

Line 8. — étourdies — Giddy.

" des Agnès — Alluding to Agnès, one of the characters in

Mohère's Comedy "L'École des Ft-mmes." She is extremely timid and ignorant of the world. Her tutor •gives his idea of what a woman should know iu the foUowing couplet : — " Et c'est a.ssez pour elle, à vous en bien pai-ler, De savoir prier Dieu, m'aimer, coudre, et filer." Line 10. — décentes, instruites — Modest and well-educated. Line 12.— timidité— Shyness — bashfulnes^s. •

Lin:- 19. — frein — Eestraint — ^literally, bridie. Compare the figurative use of the EngUsh word " unbridled."