CHAPTER V
THE R0Y.\LIBT8 COHTIKDE THE BTRUOOLE — CONFERRSC» OF TTl» REPUDLICAN OENERALS — IMP.1TIENCE OF HOCHE — COMMANDER 09 THE ARMT OP THE WEST — ANOTHER ENOM.SH EXPEDITION — THB COMTE D'ABTOIS LANDS — FAILURE OT THE EXPKPITION AND DRPAJi- TURB OP THB PLEST — DIFFICULTEES OP HOOHe's POSITION — PKCULUS CHABACTER OF THE VENDEAN W.VR — HOCUE'S PLAN — LI.SB Of DIB- ARMAMENT — THE REACTION OF TUERMID«)H — THE TIIHRB ****TF* UNITBD UNDBB COMMAND OF HOCHE — VI8IT TO PARIS — BTATR OF THIN08 ON nia RETUUN — 8UCCK88 OF lUS PLAN — HIS LETTER» AT THI8 TIMB — OHARETTE STILL KIUHnNQ — TAKEN PHIHONBR, TRIBD, AND SHOT — LA VENDÉE PACIFrED — BRITANNV NKXT RKDUOBI>— CLOU OK THE WAR — HOCHe's OOVERNMENT OF THKSK rUoYINCKS— Rr»PECT AND E8TEEM IN WHICH HE WA8 HKLD — U18 BEHY1CE8 RT.CoùNlXBD BY THB DIRECTORY.
Line 16. — I^* fureur Sec — Rage took posHossion of hiii sool. «« ooniin<« repr^dullloi — Tn n'Uiliiition.
Line 10.— ««•niol^nuKoH- Miiikn.
Line 22,— I-ouix XVlll — Brothor of L<mi« XVT. and th« Oooili d'Artois.— .\ftrr th«» deatli of hl« nrphcw in 179S, b« aHsuined tho titlo of Louin XVIIL H-itIiik frrqumUy chaiigod hia place of rosidonc, ho » i 'ii^Uiui in
1807, whiro lu' rcmaincnl uutil tho ( i.. vjHilcMin In
1S14. Next year ho again fled, but wb« itMlurvd «ft«r tho battlo of Watorlo<), aud rvigiiod UU his d^Ui in 1891
Line 22. — le cordon rowge — The red ribbon — i.e. he was a Knight of St. Louis, of which order the red ribbon was the emblem.
Line 27. — < enir tête à — Make head against.
Line 32. — liuit ans — This is a mistake. He was bom on the 27th of March, 1785, and died on the 8th of June, 1795. He was, therefore, a little over ten at the time of his death.
Page 83.
Line 2. — en gémit — Was deeply grieved at this.
Line 6. — moisir — Rusting — literally — growing mouldy.
Line 7. — Prétend-on &c — Is it the intention to wait for the rainy
season.
Line 8. — Ne voit-on — ^Do you not see. Line 11. — enflammez — ^Lispire — fill with enthusiasm.
" Fais — Grant.
Line 14. — l'envoi — Despatch.
Line 15. — en remplacement — In place.
Line 17. — il "*** de nouveau &c — He gave fresh proofti, Line 19. — observation — Observance.
Line 23.— sans trêve— Without trace.
Line 25. — fût portée — Should be increased. — Fût subjunctive »fter
obtint. See D. F. 569.
Line 34.— cadres— See Note p. 66, 1. 25. Line 37.— le comte d'Artois— See Note p. 67, 1. 3L
Page 84.
.Line 1. — descendit — Landed.
Line 3. — l'île Dieu — An island in the Bay of Biscay, about ten
miles from the coast of La Vendée.
" d'aborder en face — To land opposite it on the coast.
Line 6. — déjoua — Baffled.
Line 9. — 1» Haute marée — The high tide. Line 11. — parages — Quarters.
Line 16. — en couçut &c — Was deeply irritated at this. Line 18. — il l"i fallait &c — He had henceforth to stniggle. Line 23.^-Sèvre Nantaise — A river which rises in the Dep. Deux
Sèvres, audflows N. W. into the Loire opposite Nantes.
There is another Sèvre, called Niortaise, which rises in
the same Department, named from thèse two rivers, and
flows west into the Atlantic.
Line 26. — il «ût suffi àc— One victory would hâve been sufficient.
NOTRS. 193
là ne 29. — «!«' «e renrli-f» à *on iipiiel — To anflww his C*1I (ior
assistance.
Paok 86.
Lino G. — tont à la. foht — At the same time.
Liino. 8. — beHtlanx — Cattio — This word is sometimcs BAJd to be the
plural of bétail ; but they are rcally différent nounti, oue
bcing uscd only in tho siugular, the utbcr only in the
plural.
Lille 12.— fusIl Soe Note p. 71, 1. 24. Line 1.3. — un paysan Hans armeii — An nnarmed pcaHant — Inpayê
and its compounds, the letters a and y do nnt fomi a
diphthong, but each leiter is 1 roiiDuiued si»pamtely.
The a having tbe sound of è.
Line 18. — inanquuient de toat — Were lu want oi evcrything. Line 1'.). — cl «'nûiueut— Destitution.
Line 21. — «" *"l enlevant &c. — By depriving it of armu. Enl^vûf
like other verbs of takiug uway, in foUowed by d, and,
therefore, takes lui before it.
Line 24. — s'appuyait — Re.stcd.
Line 26. — aHi«ei foru — Of considérable strength.
" Heu entre eux — ConnecUd.
Line 27- — patioulllei — Patrols — patrolling parties. Line 28. — pût — Subjunctivo aftor the relative lequel» following a
négative clause. See D. F. 674 whore ucgalivo i« nol
mentioned as it ahould be Line 29. — chargé* — Instructed.
Lino 81. — onta.Mé»i — Storod up.
Line 33. — !•■ plu" notable* — Theleading.
Pàqb 86.
Line 1. — «auf une partie— Bxcept a i)oiii.ki dedurled aa a !»>. Sound tho/ in aauf.
Line 4.— «'entrott-nlr — To fnitt'rnine.
Line 10. «i»»'»>" l«ur aMure— I^^t thom hc aiisur«d«
Line l'.). -rt>n»U«» — Surnnder.
Line 22. — *»' *♦'" renerrant Ao — Uy contintjolly c .
within a narrow Kpaco, it wouKl iu«TJl>i. .,. up iind capture thom.
Lino 24. — «" ulr«Mt«>lre— To tho Dircctory.- l •' utiw
body of tlie FroncU Qovi<rnn»ent, et.i • OMB
ohoson by tho Natioiud Convnntiou. Th«» nan- conacitutioM, with two LoKihl-itivo n ' ho Ihi
tory as ox*cutivo, o*me iuto fun» ' «^i iîBfc
Line 36. — des Aneâens — The upper house, consîstkig of 2g0 meni' bers.
Pagb 87.
Line 5. — contrîlme ou applauli a — Assiated or approved.
Line 6. — se rencontraieiit — Were met.
Line 10. — »^e Cabarus — We hâve no means of translating this into English exceptby the periphrasis — whose maiden name was Cabarus. — For a graphie description of this period, see CarlyleVol.ni.Book VII. Chap. IL, ''La Cabarus.'*
XÂne 21. — On ne surprenait &c — In his conversation there were never detected any of those expressions by which the gênerai is betrayed who wiU be invited to tyranny by popularity.
Line 24. — <ï««i éWouissent &c — ^Who dazzle — whose influence la based on enthusiasm, and whom people follow as if infatuated.
Line 28. — on reconnaissait— There was recoguizâd.
Line 33. — e» sûreté— Safe.
Page 88.
Line 6. — sans tache — Stainless.
Line 12. — pour acliever d'exécuter — To complète the exécution of.
Line 13. — d'après lesquels — Acoording to which.
Line 16. — il appartiendrait à Hoche — It would be the duty of
Hoche — literally — it would belong to Hoche. Line 20. — Angers — A town of Anjou on the river Mayenne, near its
junction with the Loire, the principal town of the
Department Maine et Loire.
M qu'il avait été &c — That his place hadbeen very poorly
supplied.
Line 27. — Tout changea de face — The appearance of everything
changed.
Line 29. — qu'il lui fallait &c — That he must in the flrst place
overcome.
Line 31. — surveillé de près — Closely watched. Line 35. — l«i firent éprouver — Inflicted on him — liteia''l; : .-.used
him to expérience.
Line 38.— J»»S^ militairement — Tried by court-martial.
Page 89.
Line 2. — s'attachait — Strove.
Line 4. — patriotes — This refers to Eepublicans uot in the arxny.
Line M. — e*tlm«* de Hoi-mPmn — Self-ro<<poct — not «<»lf "«t^em.
which is not gouerally rogardcd a^ a conitni-ndAble qnality.
" Il iM>n«M«lt (te — Ho carriedacmi»uIoti«»nei«ii.
Line lô. — dé^lntere-isement — Distiubiiish this uoun from thc adverb des i n téressé ment.
Line 20. — manquait — Was, neverthcless, somotimes in wmnt of actual necessarics.
Line 21. — appolutemcnt* — Salary — what a «oldier or ofBo«r recel ves is callr^d h 18 pay.
- en papier — In paper— in Bcrip. — Thèse bill» were caOed
Afisignata, and wcre isHoed hy the rovolutioiiary 0<rr«mmeiit DU thc security of thelands of the nation. •« •• rrdiiÏAalent à rlrn— Sank t« nitthin^ in valae. —
Carlyle relates the following incident, whirh wiil illoatrate the value of theso 4-Bsignat8 in Parin — " Combien f" said one to a Hackney-coachmau, cnquiring his fare. ♦• Six thousand livres," answered he — (about £800 9tg.\
Line 28. — «n 1<^" payant — On ppying for them. Obterve UiAt payer means io pay for.
Line 27. — «Irllrate.s^o — Scrupulousnrss.
Lino 29. — llo<he ne connaUinlt «kc— Hoche knew noihing of power except the buiden.
Liue 88. — *»" *'"'* «fec — Wo .sco how well be wa« ablc to fr«« himaelL
Paoe 90.
Line 23. — repAto — Frxim verb repHrr. Ob^rrvi' tho , hari^'o (>f accent
l)<«for«« e mutt^ S»'f Notn p. 2*2, 1. 26. Line 25.— ««—To do bo.
« que Je nula Scc — That I uni tho nuthor \vhoii« precApt^ yi)U niost willin^ly remomber.
Lino 27. «'«■p»'»»cl»<' i»ius loin — Overflowi* furttier on— ^f. in hia
Icttrr.
Lino 29. — nM*con»ple« Disappoiutmoula.
Paob 01.
Linp 3.— tï treiK^allHt — Hi« heart Ihrilled. Line 7.— lui— See Ni>to p. 88, 1. 7.
Line B. r«»inpatU*«lt à^Sympathiïcd with.
Lino lô. — »«""<"*"*"*— Se« Note p. 57, 1. 8.
liino 18.— rt^'*»"««*— St'»'»'^>"?t ^^■»*'> ^*° '^** "^ acuviiy. ^boTtt
groiind. — rrrnet).
Line 2±—^éu^ touvo-Dcor.
Liae 24. — qui eussent sanvê — Subjunctive of uncertainty with the relative toutes. Thèse terms might hâve saved his life if he had accepted them.
Line 28. — l» întte suprême — The final struggle.
Line 29. — épuise — Bxhausted.
Line 31. — se fit tuer — Allowed himself to be kiUed. .Line 34. — sa grâce — His own joardon.
Page 92.
Line 2.— à travers — Through the midst of. Line 3. — accourues &c — Who had ru&hed out to meet them. Line 8. — ^formels — Spécifie — explicit.
Line 12. — à dessein — Intentionally.
Line 15.— devant la mort — In présence of death. Line 16. — commanda le feu— Gave the signal to fire — ^bade them fire.
" s'affaissa doucement &c — Sank gently down. — La trans-
lating omit sur lui-même.
Line 27. — hors d'et.Tit — Not in a condition — xmable. " étreinte — Embrace — referring to cordoru
Line 28. — Ini — Eefers to étreinte.
Line 29. — acculer — To be driven.
Line 32. — négocia — Made tenus.
Line 35. — Jersey — The largest of the Channeî Islands, lyîng about
16 miles from the French coast.
Line 37.— l'enlacer d'un réseau &c— To interweave it witii a net» work of steel.
Page 93.
Line 1.—» l'administrer— To govern it.
Line 4. — liommes exaltés — Extrême men — fanatics.
Line 8. — ^renonçait à — Resigned his dictatorship.
" plia à — Brought under.
Line. — y réussir — Y is used because réussir takes à after ît. Line 13. — de® deux parts — On both sides — viz. from Republicans
and Royalists.
Line 15. — en lui accordant — Bestowing on him at the same time. . Line 22. — aw plus fort — At the very climax. Line 27. — n'en jouirai-je pas — En is used because jouir takes de
after it.
Lihe 31. — bien— Thoroughly.
Line 33. — qn'on avilisse &c — To be vilified in your honse. Line 35.— l»»w*«^Exalted.
Paoe 94.
Line 2.— •'•!?»*• »»''•■'— To grow in ntro n^h.
Liue 6.— JnipuHwii -Insisted upbn— n-quired.
Liue 7. — '« ie'*p«*t fto — Respect for property nnà pi»nM>n.
Line 16.— 1» loi vlvanfr— Tho living law-i.r. ' i wm heW
aR gof)d as th»! lawH whirh \vor« in a^ •«.
Line 27. «!<' le «agiter— To gain him — i.e. to their canite.
Liue 2'.>. — MoM«-k — General Monck, who as rommandor of the ârmy waa chiefly instrumental in the HcHtoration of Charloa II. to the ThrDiie of JOnKland 111 HJ60.
Liue 30. — connétable — Constablo — The congtnblo of France w»« a military oâicer of the very highent rank. Ue WM ex o^tioconiraander-in-chief (»f iIh* artuy in the ab«eno« of the kiug, the higheut judge iu military uflences mmI questions of chivalry, and the sapromc autliority on ail pointa connectcd with Ujurnaments and oUicr military displays. The oûjco was suppresHed by Ix>uih XIII. in 162G, and waw aftcrwards retttored by Napoléon. There appcars to havo hc.vu un int4>ntiou of rentoring it at Uio period mentioned in the text, if the JlourUmH could hâve Rucoeeded in rocoveriug ihi' throne of France.
Line 86. — parler»— This une of the future i»» almo«tt unknown in English. We woiild rather «ay — wa« to nprak
XjifiC 36. — '<* li«*ro»« ci«« bmaiaire — NupoNnU I' . who on
Nov.l), 17.1'.) (18 Brumaire, an VIII.), . i ihe Direc-
tory aud tlie two Councils, and waa elcot«d Consul.
Paoe 06.
Line 2. — faire jager ntlll«i»«n«ni««nt — Tiy by military court-», <« (|ii**lqut<H mallitMiirux exailé»— A fow unh:i|ipy onlllQ»
siast^.
Line 8. — taxé de — Aretiaed of.
Line 0. -voux donnent 1«' rliaiige «ur — Dpceive yotj aa k>^ Faire prendre le change ia anoUior phni^r harin^ the same meaning.
Line 0.—l'H«P***>— Michel de riîOpital, ('haucrllor of Franc* in the reign of CharlcH IX. The alliiHu>n hère ia lo bi« earnest but vain efTort.'« in Whalf of Uio ioleratfoB of rroioHtantfl. Althou^jh he wan «upcoinful iu prpYWiliiif the establishment of the Inquisition. :»nd iu obUinlnf rnunv privilèges aud bmefltafor Uio lIu»;\:enot», he wai in the end unablo t*» prevenl cinl war, and rrtirad lo private Hfe. The newM of tli.< Mii*«arrc ol 8t. Paitkolo mew is said to havo brokm lu.-» hoart.
Line 9.' — Snlly— The celehrated minister of Henry IV. He was a great financier, thoroughly devoted to his master's interests, and disliked by the extrême men of both parties. He died in 1641.
Line 20. — qw'il serait fait &c, — That Hoche should be presented with.
Line 22. — pistolets d'honneur — Présentation pistols.
CHAPTBR VI.
CONDITION OF IRELAND — HOCHE PBBPAHES FOE THE miSH EXPEDITION — THE FRANC BEGIMENïS — DELAYS IN PREPARATION — THE ATTITUDE OF THE DIRECTORY — SAILING OF THE FLEET — DISASTERS — BANT3Y BAY — HOCHE DOES NOT APPEAU — DIVIDED COUNSELS — RETURN OF THE FLEET TO BREST — HOCHE AERIVES AND FINDS THE FLEET GONE — • BIS INDIGNATION — FUBTHER OPERATIONS AGAINST ENGLAND POST- PONED.
Line 27. — enlevait à— See Note, p. 19, 1. 20. Line 29.— en s'appwyant — ^By relying.
Line 31.— disp«»*i*>les Available.
Page 96.
Line 5. — qu'il voulait <fec. — That he wished to strike.
Line 7.— foyer— Centre.
Line 8. — Irlandais unis — ^United Irishmen,
Line 12. — pouvait atteindre — Mîght attain.
Line 17. — saisissait les imaginations — VVas fascinating men's
imaginations.
Line 20. — à travers — Over.
«« Arcole — Arcola — a village near Verona in Italy, famous
for a great victory gained by Napoléon over the Aus-
trians, in 1796.
Line 22. — que j® *« porte envie — How I envy you. Line 27. — ^11 fi* adopter &c. — He induced the government to adopt
his plan.
Line 31. — ^^^' suite du &c. — ^In conséquence of the treaty of San
Ildefonso — otherwise called the treaty of La Granja,
from a famous palace of that name.
Line 40. — ^^ combler &c. — To supply the great blanks.
Paok 97.
Line 8. — pied — Footing.
Liiie 4.- flwvait éiii- — Was to be.
Lino 6. — que rendult &c. — See Note, p. 2, 1. 20.
Liiio 8. — FrancM — Fraiiks — whcn this Word ia uh.mI m a nntinnal
adjcctivo, it takcs tbo ieiuïnlne frauquc, uut franc m ^
whicli is tlie fominine of franc, sincère. Line 10. — audut ieiut tfcc — Dariug to rashncsB. Line 11. — li faut£le dire — It luuHt be ri.nfegsed. Line 12. — "•» reproche -That Hocho sliould bave desconded to
udopt Bucb a disgraceful uietbud of makiug war, ia only
anotber proof how the moral seuse of the Rcpublicaus
of that period wa^t warptd by iliguaut hatred of
Eiigland. See Aiiiicndix D, | '.
Line 15. — suppftt — Tool — instrument.
" iniuiMtreft perliden — Pitt especinlly, who Waa an object
of almost ludicroub terrur aud batrcd. Sic Nutu, y l'J,
Line 17. — désoler — Ravage.
•« «n cuiiMequence — Accordingly — in accordance with thaM
iduas. Line 19. — gf»-* perdun ,Vr\ — Al';inili>ui!d muii, ru' Lciâ and mur-
derera.
Line 22.— «baser— Deceive.
liin(' 23. t"r. — As to.
Lme 25. — 1« Saverue — The Sevem— an important river of Eng-
land, ritiing in Nortli Wulcit and flowiug iuto the Brutol
Ghannol.
Line 32. — l'objett d'une note— Tho nubjoct of a mumoraudum. Line 30. — reiisoij;iieineiilx - Information.
Paok 98.
Line 12.— I'»" approvlMlonnementa «L'o.— Tho viotualling (of lb«
flcot) wiirt not yot conipli'to.
Line 1.^). "»•*• «omble* — liiidly tUImU Lino IG.— » leur bord — On l-i-ard thrir vc hiIh. Lino uo.- «■"*«*"'* dire— A Hiniilar phruno " tt> iiear tell of ** ia oaad
in KngliRh. Hoolio BooniM to hâve belioved ovorylhiug
ho hourd n-^^'udiiif: Tiilnud.
Line 25. — <|"*' j'Irai* ti-«»uver Huit I woijld go ai»d help, liine 81.— <>>* "»»*• ^^t Sic, — Tho mont diiuigroeahle
witucsBid hère — muro litoiaJly, enacted.
tOO NOTÉS.
Lme 32. — ont bien vonln. promettre — Hâve kindly promised — Compare the use of veuillez, the imperative of vov,loir. D. F., 276.
Line 37. — désemparés — ^Disa"bled.
Page 99.
Line 7. — «e peut &c. — Cannot and will not do anything,
Line 11. — quitte — Subjunctive after obtenez.
Line 15. — l'accueîlliremt^mieux — Eeceived it with greater pleasure.
Line 18. — en lutte — Engaged in a struggle.
" les conseils législatifs— Viz., the Counoil of the An-
cients, and the Council of the Five Hundred. Line 21. — comme sur l^iomme &c. — As the man best fitted— in
translating omit sur.
Line 25. — de lui-même — Of his own accord. Line 26.— éloigné — At a distance.
Line 28. — dix — This word and six are jpronounced in three diJBferent
ways. If they axe foUowed by a word beginning with a
consonant, the x is silent ; if the next word begins with
a vowel, the x has the soft soundof s, as if written dise;
if they stand at the end of a sentence or clause, the x
has the sharp sound of s, like ce.
Line 31. — déjà Hoclie &c. — Hoche had already changed his mind. Line 33. — depuis deux Jours — Two days before, Line 36, — l'avant-garde— The van-guard.
Page 100.
Line 1. — corps de bataille — Main body.
Line 6. — contre-amiraux — Eear-admirals.
Line 8. — I^» baie de Bantry — Bantry Bay — south-west of Ireland in the county of Cork, running north-east; about twenty-five miles long and three or four wide. The town of Bantry near the head of the bay is the only place of importance on it. It is noted for its beautiful scenery.
Line 10. — en pleine mer — At sea.
Line 12.— opérer— Bffect.
Line 14. — montaient ensemble — Bmbarked together in#
Line 19. — se heurtèrent — Collided.
Line 20. — eurent des avaries — Suffered damage.
Line 21. — rade — Eoadstead.
Line 24. — sinistre — Disaster.
Line 25. — donna — Struck.
NOTKS. tôt
Liue2G.~«lu Rax— Lh Raz is Uie capf> at the «onth r f thecniranM of tlif Lay IcaJiiig to tho harbour of liront. • Line 27— «i"» 1« moninleat—Who were on Uard hcr. Line 2y.— à K<>K"ei- l« in>R«— In rcaching the open ma. Liue 30. — cioij»irie»< — CniUtTS.
Line 33.— coimne «oute» ^c— As at ail times whcn. Line 34— "«e iuvaHlon Jkc. — A foreign invasion. LineSG.— smidliigant—Striking— remarkable.
Line 87.— pour peu (fec— However little one raay choosp to reflect.
Line 38. — l'expo«e— Stitement— explariation, The word is as«d in
Eiiglisli, but alwnys in a bad Hcnse.
Line 40.— 1» fnnipus© exprdltlon— Betwoen 1801 and 1805 Napo
leon severul tirne» uiadc preparatiuiis to invadr Knp-
land, but his plans were alwaya iulerruptud by Cêih iti
other directionR.
Paoe lOL
Lino 9, — <*A< — Subjunctive dependiiig on the impenonal phrane
il entrait dans les desseins, lino 6, Line 11. — » 1» hauteur jfcc. — As far up as — abreaat of the island
Ushant — OucHsant, callcd by the Kh^îIIhIi Ushant, in an
island o£f tho Breton cuust nut for from tho mouth of
Bient harbour.
Lino 18. — manquaient — -Were miHsing.
Liue 23. — puiKsant — No doubt powerful enongh «coording to th«ir own ac<rount. For an inU^restiug, if aomewhat myihioal Btory of a Biniilar nttompt under Hunibcrt, rcad Charl««i Lever's novol " Maurice Tieruay," chaptan 17 mud followiug.
Line 30.— «•«« mander Scc.—To Buiuuiuu ou boArU hi« ve«Ml.
Liue 32. — pour l«» eau <le — In the event of.
Line 35. — «l» pénétrer etc. — To procoed to tho head of Bantry Bay
Line 40. — vlim»-hiilt kllom^trps — This would b«> unîy i! ul 1-» niiiort, but the b.iy id longer thaa that. Seo Note, p. &8. 1. 20.
Paok loa.
Line 4. — nn monliInKo ^o. — Ar in'«crur« anrhoragn— .9*r waa at ono tiino writlon ieur, heuoe Uie oironmfles, lo mark tho contraction.
Liue G.— tr«>P i'«*u ilkc— Too few in number, moreow
Line 13. — engloutie — Sunk — literally swallowed up.
Line 14. — Bravanl — Setting at défiance.
Line 18. — n*i* ^® *«^P sur — Steered towards — cap, the head orbo'W
of the ship. The verbs avoir and porter are also used
with ca'p to express the same idea.
Line 24. — couru — ^Encountered.
Line 33. — pièces irréfutables — ^Unanswerable documents.
" mis en lumière — Brought to light — pmved.
Line 34. — brochure — Pamphlet — so called because simply stitched,
from broche a needle. From same word corne the Eng-
lish brooch, hrocade, &c.
Line 86.— duquel— See Note, p. 82, 1. 22. Line 37. — l'insuccès — The failure.
Line 39. — malgré lui — Against his will — in spite of himself. Line 40. — provoqua &c. — Was the means of his dismissal.
Page 103.
Line 3. — bors d'état — ^In no condition.
Line 5. — d'outre-Mancbe — ^Beyond the Channel — compare outremer. Manche masc. meaus handle; manche fem. slee\fi or channel.
J me 8. — frais — ^Expansé— :/ra«s in this sensé has no singuiar ; frais in the singuiar means " freshness." From the former we hâve the word " defray." " Il en conçut — It caused him.
CHAPTEE VIL
THE ARMY OF THE SAMBBE AND MEUSE — ITS VIOTORIES — POSITION OF THE FBENCH ABMIES AT THE BEGINNïNG OF 1795 — DELIGHT OF THE SOLDIEBS AT THE APPOINTMENT OF HOCHE — CHANGE IN HIS FEEL- Ij^QS — HIS SUCCESS IN GOVERNING THE CONQUEEED COUNTBY — CBOSSING OF THE BHINE — DEFEAT OF THE AUSTBIANS AT NEUWTED PREPARATIONS FOB A NEW MOVEMENT — NEWS OF PEAGE — SUSPEN- SION OF HOSTILITIES — HOCHE MAKES ABBANGEMENTS FOB ANOTHER lEISH EXPEDITION — HE GOES TO PARIS TO AID THE DIBECTORY.
Line 21. — dans laquelle &c. — With which the army of the Moselle
had been incorporated.
Line 23. — endurcis — Hardened.
Line 24. — aguerris — ^Inured.
«« défier — To defy — distinguish from se défier de, whioh
means to " distrust."
Paoi 104.
Line 2. — W«y — One of thn most f.irfi «us of Nanoloon'* Mambala, aiul, like inaiiy other ablo gênerais «.f tint tim<', o( humble iiarentage. When Napoléon wn hanithed to Blba, Ney made peace with Louis XVIII., but m soon m be heard of the escape and landing of the Emperor, he de.serted and oCfored bis sword to Bonaparte. After the baille of Waterloo, he was taken prisoner, &nd ahot m a traitor.
Line 8. — pre«l«iHtlnf»i — Dostinpd.
Line 6.-1» Mohême—Bobemia— tho north-wast prorlno» ol Au», tria, lying next to Bavaria and Stkxony.
Line 7. — refoulco en arrière — Driven back.
Line 8.— l'ft't'ïi'dnc <l»arlo«— The arohduko Charles— He wm tba tbird son of tbe Emperor Leopold II., and one of the most distinguisbed of tho général» '.'■ " ' ■ t
tlio French duiiug tbe war.s of ih«) 1! i"-!
many othor di'^tinguiBhed victorie», ! . tho flrut to flhow by bis Hnrceas at Awpprr, in I80J, tiiat Napoleun waa not invincible.
Line 9.- >*'»•< «It repllce— Had fallen baok.
Tiine 10.— à quI—Soe Note, p. 19, 1. *J3.
Line 12. — «« retraite — Ilia retiremeni — ùe., tbai be might h« aJlowod to retire.
Line 13. — c*e»*t » celal-cl Sec. — It was to him thaï Hooh*» «'^ a])pointed sneroHsor.
Line IG. — DuM^eldort— A town of Rhenish Pnmfiia, on tbe Khine twonty milo.'î bclow Cologne. '< Neuwlfd — A town on the Rhine, a few milea beluw
Cobleiiz.
Liue 18. — ayaat en ftic» — Havnng oppo«ed to him.
Lino 19.— lllvoH A to\\m in nortliem Italy, not far frora Turin.
Tiiiiu 27. — sN-tiilt opt'rc— Hjwi tfikou place.
Line 80. mûri av»%nt r&f|«— Qrown old befon» hin Um» mirir
meaus litorally to ripon— from tnir, ripo.
Line 81. — ^ '•* fondue — Dépendu on avait mrr.'tU, |. 88.
Line 84. iu««>iii«|ue -La< onie— brief— ouri. Dorivfd fmm L«eo»i-
icus, Spartan. The ancien! Spart«n« wan» noUd tôt tboir pconomy of worda.
Line 85. plnn anciem itr — Senior to himaolf— hU aenkci.
Line 80. — «levonux \Vh<> h;ul now b«H'<ïm*».
Liue 87. *'* "'' i»'ép"n«l»«»'* itr.~ And he no loofar op«o*4 W
boart excopt to bis intimât* friouda.
Page 105.
Line 1. — bowrgtioisie — The class of citizens — civilians.
Line 6. — s'affaiblir — Grow weak.
Line 8. — pea .propres <fec. — Little calculated to inspire him with
other thoughts — i.e., to change his opinion. Line 10. — commissaire-'^ — Commissioners — Conimissaries. Line 11. — administrée;? — Governed.
Liue 12. — obtint que &c.— Induced the Directory to put itself
above the law.
Line 13. — sans le secours — Without the concurrence — It was con-
trary to the constitution for the Directory to deprive
thèse officers of their positions without the consent of
the two Législative Councils.
Line 14. — prévaricateurs — ^Dishonest — This word used as a noun
means properly — one who betrays his trust. Line 16.— vendit — Eestored.
Line 18. — baill js — Magistrates — mayors — Compare the Scotch word
Bailie, which is équivalent to the English Alderman. ** chapitres diocésains — Diocesan chapters — A chapter is
the body of clergymen belonging to a cathedral. In the
cities of Ehenish Prussia, fhese chapters exercised ex-
tensive civil authority, Line 19. — pour le» surveiller — To superintend them. Line 21. — inamovibles — Irremovable.
" et il afferma &c. — And he f armed out the taxes — i.e. , he
sold the taxes of a certain district for a definite sum,
and allowed the buyer to naake what he could out of
them. See Note, p. 40, 1. 3.
" dont — ^Dépends on recouvrement, 1. 22.
Line 25. — remonta &c. — Provided his cavalry and artillery with
fresh horses — remounted his cavalry, and rehorsed his
artilltry.
Line 30. — effectif— Effective force — or, simpîy — force. Line 34. — l«s armes — ^Arms — the weapons with which they were
armed.
Line 36. — dragons — ^Dragoons.
Page 106.
Line 1 — hussards — ^Hussars.
Line 12.— équipage de pont—Pontoon train— Pontoons, or as fche word is now more commonly written, " pontons," are light frame-works covered with waterproof material
N0TK5s 205
tiBed in mnltin;:^ a bridge quirkiy for th^ pAAsa^e of trnopH. A pniit'K)!! train consi.HU of the carriAges ol the pontoons with the matorinl thcy carry. " le nt nvt'rtli—Notificd liim- See Note, p. 1, 1. 14.
Line 17. — Muyence — (In German Mainz)— An important city ob the Ehine, uearly opposite the month of the Rirer Main.
** tête du pont — The sarae t«>rra ia used in EngUiih ; ii
significH the fortifications at the end of tlio bridge neaxest to tho enemy.
Line 18.— t>«*rl «e©— Bristling.
Line 19. — crcneleeji — Crenelated — pierced for muflketrir— Cr^n«//*« are dépressions in a parapet through which Roldicm may fire without expoaing thernselves. In this pAMsa^n the term crénelées mcanri that opcnings were made in the walls of the housen Ui serve a similar purpoM.
Line 20. — de dixtance Ssc. — At intervala.
Lino 22. — »e disposait — Was pn-paring,
Line 24. — li^ S**)g — A tributary of the lihine flowing in on the Mal Bide, nearly opposite Bonn.
Lino 20. — Dler<lorf — A town about ûfteen milea northeaal of Coblenz.
Line 2',). — I^e g«^»* — The main body.
Line 30. — Andernach — A town on the left bank of the Rhine »U)Ul twenty miles below Cobleua.
Line 32. — parl««iiionte — Parloyed — sent a flag of truce.
Line 83. — ainniHtle — Truce — armistice — The word "amne«ty"in
Knglish haa a difTorontmeaniug. It Higniflf^ nn act of
obliviou, or gcuenU pardon to those who hâve beea
guilty of oflonres comniittod in Urne of war or reboUion.
•« exige — Demandod.
Xâne 34. — Klireni>i-t*l(itt«>iii — One of Uin inost famoun fnrtrtMM ol liuropo, Bonu'timoa called thr " li Umiltir of tho Rhins,** bnilt on a lofty rock COQ feet high, opposite Cobleos, with which tho town at the bMO of ihe rook i« oobbmI> ed l)y a bridge.
Line 35.— In L<»lin— An affluent of the Rhio« on ihe righi, aboal thro«< niiUv'i al>ove Co)ili<uz.
Lino 3().— qu'un* nrm*-© &c. —Which only m ooDqoorod mrmy conld acccpt.
Lino 37.- «nionn«« le f%*tt — Gave thi> command to flra.
Lino 40. rulbu««'e-Uttorly rout*<d -dcHtioyod. 8m Nola, P- 9t 1. J(3.
Page 107.
Lme 1. — à la baionette — At the point of the bayonet.
Line 6. — Ukeratli &c. — Thèse places are some distance north of Coblenz.
Line 9. — enfonçait l'ennemi — Was driving the enemy before him. " l'épée &;c. — At the point of the sword — literally, sword in
back.
Line 10. — Montaba«er — ^Eight miles north of Nassau.
Line 20. — H se sentait &c. — He felt himself strong enongh — Compare "iZ se sentait la force" p. 9, 1. 17, and Note.
Line 23. — livre — Fought.
" prenait <feo. — ^Was taking the necessary step8--was mak-
ing the necessary arrangements.
Line 24. — po»i" Iwi couper &c. — To eut oS his retreat.
Line 26. — Francfort — Frankfort, a very old Grerman city on the Main, about twenty miles above its junction with the Bhine. It was the place of meeting of the German Diet.
liiue 27. — la Nidda — ^A small stream joining the Main a little above Frankfort.
lane 28. — porteur de — ^Bringing — literally, bearer of.
Ijine 30. — licoben — A town in the Austrian province of Styria.
liine 32. — 1» gloire &c. — The almost certain glory.
liine 83. — il ^^ laissa, &c. — Hepermitted himself to feel only.
Line 37, — ^batailles, combats — ^It is difficult to ônd English words to express clearly the distinction between thèse two nouns; bataille is a gênerai engagement for which préparations are made; combat is an action which may be nnexpected, and in which only a part of the armies are engaged. The terms "pitched battle" and " skirmish " give the idea, although the latter is toc weak for combat.
Page 108.
Line 3. ^"'* bonne amie — Sweetheart — ^my darling. Mon ami
and mon amie are usual terms of addresa between hus-
band and wife, équivalent to the English "my dear." Line 4. ^^ porte bien — Is weU — In the same way Commuent
vans portez-vous ? How do you do ?
Line 7.— reporta &c. — Again turned towards Ireland. Line 10. — tl'accord avec — In conjunction with. Line 18. — I^» travaux &c. — The opérations in the harbour of Brest
were urged on — referring to the work in the dock-yards.
Liuo 17.— le» cpargneu &c.— What ho had b«on ablo to .i. tr.-in the taxes of the conquend countricH— Soe p. lu., 1. 21, aiidp. 114, 1.12.
LiuelO. b'itave— Bitivian— cqual to Dutch. Vroxu But tri the name of the tribe inhabiting IloUand when the Romans first invaded it.
Liue 20. — alort* allicc tle— At that time iii alhanco with.
Line 21.— le» principaux <kc.— The principal miliUry and naral officers.
Line 27.— il faut le dire — It must be said.
Line 30.— coup d'Etat — There is no term in English which ezactly expresses the moaing of this phrase; use th» " ' Thif) alludes to the att:ick oti the Législative < by three members of the Dirsoiory. S«e foot-note, page 116.
CHAPTER Vin.
HtHTOBICXL RBTROSPBOT — TICB LEOWLATTVE COUNCtLB — «TATB OF TAM- TZE8 — THE DIRECTORY— HOOHJI'B OPINIONi AMD 8Yin>ATIin«— YiaiT* PARIS — SIIMUONKD BEFORE TUS DI&ECTORT — FAiLtrRR OF im 8CHE1U:8 TU A88I8T THE DIRECTORS — ACCDSATXOXt IN TKB OOimCIL OF THZ FlVa HUNDllED — HI8 IIXNE88 — THE CoUF D'HtaT OF FBOC- TIDOR — ROCHE CO.MM.VNDKH OF THE DNITKD ARMIKS OF TUE RAItUUI AND MEUSi: AND TUE RUINE— UI8 OBATU— UI8 FI JtUUL— lUimW
of hib ouaracter.
Page 100.
j^iiio fl. — en batte k I» l»*inr Kxpo«ed to the hatrvd.
Ijine 10. — dont le» lit«toilrnt &r. — Which hi^t«Mian« huve n> l
Hufllcifiitly t'ik«u Jnt<) aroount. S*»* Nul», p. 3J, 1 'Xi Line 15. — «i«'bout — In ptuvrr — litoniUy, ntandin^. Line 22. — »*•» «irrinrunl — Hy docIarin|{. Line 24. — uouvoaux ron««'ll«« Sic. — Ui'fnrring to Ùm Oumwiil >M Ùtm
.Anciintfl and the Counril of Uie Virt ! LLuo 27.— "»1<>«*1'1'» ^hot down — tmtraHUr i» dr»
grape-tthot at, front initniili , grap*. Line SO.—t^rutêé |m>ui* Sui. — Two thirda of wlMob coumi»««1 oL
<o8 NOTES.
Page 110.
Line 7.— mieux compo*!e— Constituted on a better System. " qu'il ne ra For this use of ne, see D. F., 609.
Line 8.— à deux degrés— By two stages— The following extract from Thiers' History of tlie French Eevolution will explain wtiat thèse two stages were :^" Ail the citizens of the âge of twenty-one met of right in primary assembly on every first day of the month of Prairial, and nominated électoral assemhlies. Thèse électoral assemblies met every 20th of Prairial, and nominated the two Councils ; and the two Conncils nominated the Directory." The nomination of the électoral assemhlies was the first of the deux degrés; the nomination of the Councils by thèse assemhlies was the second.
Line 9. — l'autorité du Biombre fec. — See Note, 1. 8. As the électoral assemhlies were appointed by the whole body of the citizens, thèse élections had the "authority of numbers ; " and as the members of thèse assemblies were naturally selected from the ablest and most experienced men of the country, the final nomination by thèse of the Législative Councils had the " authority of presumed ability."
Line 15.— ami des principes— Favorable to the principles. « et qui &c.— See Note, p. 5, 1. 33.
Line 21. — avec la paix — Along with peace — in addition to peace.
Line 23. — l'épuration &c. — The graduai and légal reformation of a Directory which was the heir of the Convention — i. e. , which had inherited the extrême opinions as well as authority and executive power of the Convention. They desired that the method of changing the membership established by the new Constitution should hâve its due effect, so that the Executive as well as the Législative power should truly represent the sentiments of the electors.
Lino 25. — étaient sortis — Had issued — Le., several royalists had been elected naembers of the Législative Councils.
Line 28. — l'opposition — ^Viz., to the Directory, which was now supported by only a minority of the two councils.
Page 111.
ttine 1. — e» cela — In that i.e., in attracting attention.
" Trop l>ien — Too well — because by the support which the Boyalists gave to the opposition, they put it in the
NOTES. ao9
pov.er of the Directora named to acctiM the majnHtjr in the Législative Councils of being at hnart opposcd to thn Eej)ublic, nnd anxious to rcBtore the Bourbons and th« exiled aristocrata.
Line 7— <!"<* c'«n «fec. — That it was ail over with the Rcvolniion.
Liiic 15. — nouH Tuvona dit — Afl \ve havo said.
Lino 16. — Pai-v«>nu — Having rison.
Line 18. — il risquait — He wa.s in danger.
Line 21.— le régime dctmlt — The systcm whirh Inl 1 • • n .1 troyed — i.c, the monarchy.
Line 26. — le» pilvlléî;l6« — The privile^ed clartBPA. Soe foot-notM pp. 5 aiul 11.
Line 26. — gentiiMiiomme» — Nobles— L:» this word the l iê silent.
Lino 32.— «""'» ««»» vérliuble Jonr—In its tnie light
Line 85.— <»t place— Gave way.
Line 41. — service — What was this service 7
Page 112.
Line 10. — ne «aurait ^tr«« (fec. — Can be truly natural only no far aa it
is, &r. — For this use of saurait, Hr.- I). F. 2»'»7. Line 12. — ne HubKiHt<* Sir,. — ExiHts only as far ;.<< or in proportion aa. Line 16.— poUtlque—policy.
Line 23. — y nubsiltuor — To substitutefor thcm lo ir|>lAre them by. Line 24. — p«»in* lui — In his opinion — in bis vyvn. Line 26. — » rciiiser — Tobecrushed — Thf Kn;^liMh Active Inflnitive
is frequently nsed in the sami way an — A liver lo croatf
— a bouse to let.
Line 2G. — It part &c.— Cominunicatod to Uic Goveminrnt. Lino 29. — *" beNoln — If uecoasary.
<' Il ne concerta — He oousaltod.
Lino 31.— ton*» entreprUe &o.— Uvery violent attack ol Uic i^ir•^•
tors upon &c.
Line 30. — d'Irluml**— Irish — against Ireland. Lino 87. — »" «loça Jkc.— Within the limita.
paob nu.
Lj„,. 8. — rentanlonirnt inittUt^rlel — A < f !-■.!.•. "..t
The nircM-tory had thopowerof n\ -....i.i^',» .
Lj„„ 6, — ««on éinni -W.n alarmrd nt thia.
Liui! 8. — ne r«'lro(çri»<lttlrnl -Did not rrtir»— Wh«Mi t% vrilh U»p négative oicurring in tho uiiddloof a rci-r-'undariitoocr, bas the nieaning of unUêê, n« ta uavd N«ttbual/«t.
Line \i. — «'^leva— Protested.
2 i O NOTES.
Line 10. — «-w ministre — To be minister.
Line 11. — l'âge légal — This was thirty years.
Line 13. — sur — OiSur has this sensé when the référence is to what is left ovei' {sur) after something has been deducted.
Line 16. — demeurer &c. — To remain within the law — i.e., to actin a légal manner.
Line 18. — réunis — Assembled.
Line 21.- -allégua Sic. — Hoche was doubtless correct in this. La Ferté-Alais was eleven leagues from Paris, and, therefore only one leagne within the prescribed limits. There was no object to be gained by so moderate a transgression of the law, while, on the other hand, the opponents of the Directory had an excuse for their denunciation of Hoche, who oWing partly to this inadvertence of G-eneral Eichepanse, was compelled to leave Paris and allow the Directors to carry ont their plans without his aid.
Line 24- — ^1© rayon proliibé — The forbidden radius — i.e., distance from Paris. See Foot-note on page, 113.
Line 26. — fit cesser — Put a stop to.
Line 29. — fit rétrograder — Withdrew.
Line 31. — AVetzlar — ^A fortified town on the Lahn, N. B. of Coblenz.
Line 35. — crédit — ^Réputation.
Page 114.
Line 3. — Marins — The celebrated Roman gênerai. The allusion hère is to the manner in which, by means of his army, he made himself master of Rome and put to death vast numbers of his opponents. Consult a Biographical Dictionary.
Line 6. — vme faible partie — A small part — Distinguish partie fem. — ^part, from parti, masc. — party.
'* prélevées sur — Levied on — Exacted from.
Line 8. — il fit entendre — He allowed it to be understood — He hinted.
Line 9. — état-major — Staff.
Line 11. — caisses — Treasury — ^literally boxes — whence, probably^ our Word, Cash. Compare similar use of Coffers.
Line 12. — ^besoins éventuels — The allusion is specially to the Lish Expédition. See p. 108 1. 16.
Line 15. — fournisseurs — Contractors.
Line 18. — de sang-froid — ^With patience.
Line 20, — bien qu'appartenant &c. — Although himself belonging.
NOTEa* t I 1
Line 22. — ml«î?re — Want.
Line 28.— n'avaient— See Not", p. 113, 1. 8
Jjine 26. — frlpou-i — Scoundrels.
Line 28. — de faire vivre— To feed.
Lino 30. — ftlt — Suhjunctive after croire.
l-iino 31. — ooupabltr^ &c,— Crirninals of hi.s kind.
Line 33. — de »l haut — Frora so high a quai ter.
Line 36. — «oudaln — At once.
Tiino 36.— JaRt'nient — Trial
Line 37. — ««» butte — Expnsed.
" daiui le ««in &c.— In the législative councik.
Paok 116.
Line 6. — ▼* ^tre alignée — Is about to be ooncloded.
Line 6. — ▼ou« dessaisir de— Divest youwelvos of- Uy down.
Line 7.— fixe'— Decided.
Line 10. — de troubler — To disturb.
Line 11. — n*«ll» pas &c. — Proceeded do further in this direction
Line 12. — «ein — Bosom — system.
<* qui met &c. — Which places the gloriouB deeds ul uobl*
mon in seuurity, and proteoto tbem fruzn revanM al fortune, Line 16. — atteintes — Attaoka.
'« mal — Diseuse.
Line 17. —lu bruit j;^:— The nwnour apre«d thaï he had bMU poiaon«d. Line 21. — précédeimneut — Provioualy— on a previuua ot-cmatou. Line 22. — «oudoye— Uircd.
« on savait «S;c.— IIls life waii kuuwn to be Mfiooaly
threatened.
Liiie 27. — *'" p>"l« à — A pny to.
Line 28. — «-pul»*»-— Exhiiu t. ni.
Line 36. — «" coup «le ira jfeo. — A «hot wa* fired at him altuoal
point-blaiik. Line 38. — p<»«ir hou « v>iupllre— Ah hi« aooompKce.
• uull«i«»«'i»t— Viiiuly,
Paok 116.
Line 1.— I» Sole &o.— It il aUtwl by Thier» thaï Hoche In hia anxioty an to the resultof tho coup d'Ktat, had prrj»ar»d for himai^lf and his fiituily, nioans «>( (li^hl l«» Atistria, In case tho Dircctom nhonld nt»l be niicocmsIuI tn ibair attack»* on the Lo^îitlutivo Coiinrils.
M lui reutllt iV'o.— Gavo hiui rvuewcd slron({i)i.
Line 5. — peu eloigsiee — ^Not far distant.
Line 10. — destitua — Eemoved — i.e., from the command of the Army of the Ehine.
Line 15. — îl se disait &c, — He said that he was clothed.
" Hercïile — Ceiiiaiire — Hercules having overcorae the Cen-
taur Nessus, the latter in revenge sent to the wife of his conqueror a poisoned rohe, which she presented as a gift to her husband. The \ictorious hero put it on, when the poison began to take effect, and caused him such torture bhat he committed suicide.
Line 22. — empirique — Quack.
Line 24. — arrêt — Sentence.
Line 25. — s© vit mourir — Saw that he was dying.
Line 35. — la remise &c. — The putting again in force.
Page 117.
Line 2. — revînt sur — ^Referredto.
Line 4. — qu'il était heureux — That it was fortunate.
Line 6. — n'eût — Subjunctive after the impersonal phrase il était
heureux.
Line 11. — congédia — ^Dismissed — took leave of — from congé, leave. Line 14. — crise — Attack — spasm.
Line 18. — le vainqueur &c. — Napoléon Bonaparte. Arcola and
Eivoli are places in northern Italy famous for Napo-
leon's victories.
Line 21. — fit à sou général &c.— Gave ita gênerai a splendid and
affecting funeral.
Line 26. — Marceau — A distinguished Eepublican gênerai who was
killed in 1796.
Line 27. — î^e convoi funèbre — The funeral procession. Line 31. — en deuil — ^Draped in mourning.
" au son lugubre &c. — To the mournful sound of the
muffled drums, and the solemn knell of the bells tolled
by the inhabitants of the cities and towns through
which it passed — mises en branle — literally, set in
motion.
Line 35. — et firent &c. — And also formed a procession in honor of
the gênerai — or, joined in the procession.
Page 118.
Line 2. — allégé — Alleviated — lightened.
" cbarges — Burdens.
Line 8. — Braunfels — A town in Ehenish Prussia, N. E. of Coblenz.
