PARTI—-CHAP1ER I
BIRTH OX HOCHE—EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION—FIRST SITUATION-- ENLISTS IN THE FRENCH GUARDS—MADE A GRENADIER—HIS EFFORTS TO ACQUIRE EDUCATION -— DIFFICULTIES — CHOICE OF BOOKS — HIS PASSIONATE DISPOSITION — DUEL —IMFuISONMENT — MADE CORPORAI,
Line 7.—Versailles,__ A city eleven miles south-west of Paris. Its great attraction is its palace, whose history is the history of the place. The château was first used as a Royal residence by Louis XIII. and his son Louis XIV. expended enormous sums in its reconstruction and decoration. It was here that the States-General met in 1789 at the beginning of the French Revolution. During the Franco-Pr ssian war in 1871, William, King of Prussia, w owned Emperor of Germany in the palace of Versailles : and, after the conclusion of peace, the city was for some time the Jegislative capital of the new French Republic.
Line 9.—garde-chenil.— Kecper of the kennels—one of the extensive group of words formed from garde, keeper ; chenil 3 from chien, dog.
Line 9.—vénerie. Hunting establishment.
Line 12.—prit l'enfant &c.—Took the child to her heart.
Line 14.—se fit remarquer.—The use of faire followed by the infinitive is very common. In translating, the Eng-
lish passive
must generally be empioyed, but it is frequently best to render freely: translate here—attracted attention
JD‘
Line 17.—Saiînt Germain en Laye,—A town on the Seine, fourteen miles below Paris. It was here that James IT. of England lived after his dethronement,
Line 4.—surnumérariat.— Position of supernumerary, or helper,
«« écuries.—#eurie is à stable for horses; étable for cattle.
Line 11.—Grandes Indes.-The East Indies; also called Les Indes Orientales.
Line 12,—gardes françaises, —A regiment of infantry raised in the sixteenth century, and employed as the bodyguard of the sovereign. After the attack on the Bastille the regiment was disbanded on account of its share in the insurrection.
Line 13.—-adroit.—Clever, from droit, right. Compare Fr.gaucherie and Eng. dexterous.
Line 14.--maniement de l’arme.—The manual, .e., handling his arms,
QU exercice des manœuvres, — Field exercises; drill in company and battalion.
Line 20.—que relevait &«c.—This is a very common order when the relative is the direct object of a verb which has a noun for its subject. -
Line 21.—grenadiers,—The company on the right of a battalion selected for their size and stature. The name was originally applied to soldiers who threw grenades, which were hollow iron balls filled with powder, and fired by a fuse.
Line 22.—caserné,—In barracks—quartered.
Line 23.—nceueillie, — Accueillir means to receive either favorably or unfavorably ; here, of course, favorably. It may be translated, granted.
When we comes before 7 or &/! with the / liquid, it is sounded the same as oeu, as in this verb, orgueil, &c.
Line 25,—on était &c.—It was the year 1785.
Li l’on sentait, Were felt, It is always best to use, if possible, the passive voice in translating sentences of wl.ich on is the subject.
There is no precise rule for the use of l’on. The rule given by De Fivas, 111. R,, is generally followed, but the practice of the best writers varies very much.
Line 30.—qu’opposait &c—Which obscurity of birth or want of
fortune threw in the way of personal worth, See
note, p. 2, 1. 20.
Lu
, foures II.
1elper, ttle, Indes
raised bodynn the ; of its
cherie ng his rill in
when has &
ttalion e was nades, r, and
orably nay be
uid, it il, &ec.
use, if tences
. The lowed, uch.
ant of , See
Line 32.—de s'élever, —Of rising.
Line 35.—de donner &c.—To give talent and genius full scope to display themselves.
Line 37.—tont ce que &c.—AIl the assistance and strength it (education) supplies.
Line 40.—et répand de charme,—And what a charm it spreads —supply combien.
Line 6.—anau sein de,—Tn the midst of, or simply—in.
Line 18.—hiver—The final > is sounded in the following words ending in er: amer, cancer, cueiller, enfer, fer hier, hiver; monosyllables, and foreign proper names, as Jupiter, Luther.
Line 28 —-mettre,—Exercise.
Le acquisitions, —Purchases.
Lane 25.—eités &c.—At that time quoted on all occasions. Line 27.—polémique,—Controversy.
de empreînts &c.—Stamped with the enthusiasm of the moment.
Line 80. indigeste, —Crude.
Line 33.-cependant, However.
Line 86.—empire sur lui-même, —$Self-control.
Line 37.—emporté, — Hasty.
LE prenait racine dans,—Sprang from—literally, took root in. 0 Line 89.—mieux reglés..- When better regulated.
Line 2.—délation.—[Informing—ir the sense of tale-bearing.
Line 8.—ces causes,—Viz, la délation et la perfidie.
Line 5.—lescrime,—Fencing.
Line 7.—son arme,—His weapon—his sword.
Line 11.—logis, maison, — Maison is the house considered merely
as à building ; logis as a dwelling.
Line 13. envenimée, —Exaggerated— literally, poisoned. The meaning is that the crime of Hoche was made the most of by his enemies, in crder to prejudice, or poison, the minds of his superiors, 80 as to make his punishment as severe as possible,
4 iraduit on jugement &c.-Brought to triai and sentenced to close confinement.
Vs
Line 14.—enehot,—Dungeon—dark cell; sometimes called by soldiers “the black hole.”
Line 15.—Jour,—Day-light,
Line 16.—habits de rechange, Change of clothes.
Line 24.—-avancement, Promotion,
Line 26.—simple,-Private,
Line 29.—que relevait &c—Which was still further increased
ete. See note, p. 2, 1, 20.
Line 80.—défiluit. —Marched past,
Line 32.—on ferait &ce.— That man would make.
Line 84.—ixréfléchie, — Thoughtless. In words beginning with érr both »'s are sounded.
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