PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION—-THE EMIGRES—THE GERMAN ALLIANCE
—PRUSSIAN INVASION OF FRANCE—ATTACK ON THE TUILERIES—IMPRI- SONMENT OF THE ROYAL FAMILY—THE SEPTEMBER MASSACRES— ENTHUSIASM OF THE ARMY-—-HARMONY BETWEEN OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS—-ALLIANCE AGAINST FRANCE—HOCHE CONSPICUOUS AT MAES'IRICHT-——-AIDE-DE-CAMP TO GENERAL LE VENEUR—NIERWINDEN —CHARACTER OF LE VENEUR—KINDNESS TO HOCHE—DESERTION OF DUMOURIEZ-—HOCHE SENT TO PARIS TO REPORT—THE FRIGHTFUL STATE OF THE CAPITAL——ARRESY OF LE VENEUR—-HOCHE’S INDIGNA- SMON— HIS REPORT ON THE DEFENCE OF THE NORTH-——REMARKS ON THE VENDEAN WAR—NEW TACTICS RECOMMENDED—HOCHE ARRESTED AND BROUGHT BEFORE THE REVOZLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL OF DOUAI MEMOIR AND LETTER TO COUTHON—LIBERATED AND APPOINTED ADJUTANT-GENERAL UNDER GENERAL SOUHAM.
Line 27.—Tuileries.— Situated in Paris on the right bank of the Seine. The original Hotel des Tuileries was so called from being built on the site of tile works (fuèleries). The famous palace was bezun in 1566, and was greatly enlarged and improved by successive sovereigns. It was the officiai residence of Bonaparte, Louis Philippe and Napoleon IIL., but was burned by the Communists in 1871, and now stands to a great extent in ruins.
Line 34,—émigrés.—"The name given to those who followed the French princes intc exile in the time of the Revolution. They belonged chiefly ta the nobility and clergy, and fled to various parts of Europe, where many of them lived in deep distress, earning à scanty subsistence 7 teaching those arts and accomplishments which the; had learned in happier days. When the Prince of Condé with a large number of émigrés followed the Prussians into Champagne, very severe laws were exacted against them by the Government. Thirty thousand names were placed on the list of énigrés, and they were banished forever from the soil of France, on pain of üeath. It was not till after the disastrous result of their landing at Quiberon, in 1795, that they abandoned the idea of entering France by force of arms. A general amnesty was first proclaimed by Bonaparte, but many did not return till after his downfall.
TAXCE IMPRI- RES— AND JS AT INDEN ON OF HTFUL DIGNA- KS ON ESTED JUAI— INTED
f the called
The ]y ent was e and sts in
d the ution.
y, and them ice y à the; Condé ssians gainst s were ished h. It nding of en-
y wag "J
Lt
return
Line 1.—atteints.— pttacked.
Line 13.—Varennes,__A town near Verdun in the department of Meuse. See Carlyle’s Fr. Rev., Vol. II., Book iv.
Line 20.—entamée.Encroached upon.
s À chaque progrès &c.—To each advance of the eneny there responded in the hearts of the mob in Paris, an increase of rage against the king and queén.
Line 28.—faisait la loi. Were laying down the law.
Line 29,—Cemmune.The name given to a provisional council of 300 members appointed by the people to govern the capital. The appointment of this committee was sanctioned by the king after he was brought from Versailles.
Line 81.—août.__In this word the a is not sounded. Pronounce the same as ou,
Line 33,—Le Temple.—An ancient monastery in Paris, at one time occupied by the Knights-Templars, whence the name. It was used as à prison during the Revolution.
Line 3%4.—Longwy.—A town on the Belgian frontier, N. W. of Metz.
Line 35.—Verdun,—A strongly fortified town at the head of navigation on the Meuse, not far from the Belgian line.
PAacx 11,
Line 4,—Danton.—One of the most prominent of the revolntionary chiefs. He was the leader of the extreme Republicang and was chiefly instrumental in establishing the infamous Revolutionary Tribunal to whose insatiable cruelty he himself fell a victim. He was the author of the famous saying at the time of the Prussian invasion. “Pour les vaincre, pour les atterrer, que faut-il? De l'audace, encore de l'audace, et toujours de l'audace.” His neme is also associated with the attack on the Tuileries, the September massacre of the prisoners, and the trial and execution of the king.
Line 11.—faire comprendre &e.—To make the general position of the country understood,
Line 12.—pays.—This is the general name for Country, contrée par-
ticular region or tract of land, patrie one’s native land, campagne open country, or country district, distingushed irom the town.
héroique,—In the noun hér.8, the À is aspirate, but in its derivatives the X is mute.
Line 18.—s’unit.—The subjunctive is used after relative pronouns preceded by superlative adjectives, by de seul, l'unique, le premier, le dernier, and also by negative clauses.
Line 19.—qu’il était.—Que is frequently used in order to prevent the repetition of other conjunctions, such as, si, quinds pourquei, comme, and those ending in que; here it is used for parce que.
Line 38.—1a Marseillaise.—The name given to the famous song of the FrenchRevolution. It was composed at the request of the Mayor of Strasbourg, by Rouget de Lisle, in honor of a regiment of volunteers about to leave that city in 1792. It was called by its author Chant de guerre de l'armée du Rhin. Though well known throughout the country, it remained unknown to the Parisians until sung when the men of Marseilles were called to the capital; and it was therefore named ‘“ Hymne des Marseillais,” or briefiy La Marseillaise.” [It is now again the national anthem of France.
Line 37.—et qu’ils &e.—$See Note, p. 5, 1. 33.
Pace 12.
Line 10,—ehef.—f is silent in the compound ehef-d'œuvre ; also in the words clef, baillif, cerf, and plurals of bœuf and œuf.
Line 20,—La Fayette &e.—These, at one time officers of . e royal army, adopted revolutionary principles and held commands in the armies of the Republic. Biron and Custine, as well as La Fayette, had served in the American War of Independence. These two afterwards fell victims to the Revolutionaty Tribunal, Dumouriez died in England. See Note, p. 7, 1. 36.
Line 24.—se rétablir.—To prevail again.
Line 27.—Valmy.—A village on the Marne, near Chalons, the scene of à Prussian defeat, 1792.
Line 28.—Jemmapes.—A town in Belgium, not far from Mons. It was this victory over the Austrians that led to the conquest of Belgium.
Line 33.—horreur.—The r’s are strongly sounded in horreur, terreur, and erreur; in the future and conditional of mourir, courir, and acquérir ; and in words beginning
with êrr and corr, Chambaud’s instructions are ‘“snoring
half a dozen of rs between your teeth.”
onouns nique, es.
)revent qu indy re itis
song Of request à honor city in erre de out the s until to the s Marw again
àlso in uf and
e royal d comustine, au War tims to n Eng-
ns, the
ons. It he con-
ur, teronal of vinning snoring
NOTES, 143 Pace 18
Line 3.—l'attentat &c.—Referring to the execution cf the king.
Line 4.—selon moi.In my opinion.
Line 6.—pose en principe.—Lays down as a principle.
Line 13.—à ce point &c.—So far forgotten that it was necessary in 1793 to replace by the Reign of Terror the zeal and generous enthusiasm of 1789. (“The rash though generous enthusiasm,”—Peyrnet.)
Line 21. ‘e supplice. "The execution,
Line 22.—ia Convention nationale.—The name given to the third assembly of the Revolution which met for the first time 22nd September, 1792. The character of this Convention was more Revolutionary than that of the preceding,
and in it the Mountain party were more powerful. Line 356.—charriés-—Carted.
Line 1.—nous.—That is, the French.
Line 6.—le Saint-Siége.—The Holy See.
Line 7.—la Vendée.—Formerly a division of the province of Poitou, now a maritime department or the Bay of Biscay, a little south of ïhe mouth of the Loire. It was the stronghold of &he Royalists during the Revolution. See Pari II., Chap. I.
Line 12.—Ardennes.—A forest district in the North of France and South of Belgium.
Line 15.—cantonnements d’hiver.— Winter quarters,
Line 16.—Meuse.— (Dutch, Maas). A river rising in the North of France, flowing through Belgium and Holland into the North Sea. Liége is an important town o{ Belgium on this river.
Line 18.—mars.—; sounded.
Line 20.—Maestricht.—A city of Holland «+ the Mans.
Line 22,—fois.—Distinguish fois from temps : the former refers to repetition, as deux fois, plusieurs fois ; the latter to duration,
Line 27.—journée.—jour is the general word for day, and means any day; journée means the time between rising and going to bed, and has reference to a particular day, usually with special relation to duration of time.
Line 29,—audace &c,—Boldness and success.
Line 80.—matériel. M:terial of war, or stores.
NOTES, Line 39,—Nerwinde,—0r Neerwinlen.—A#illage of Be'g um about: half. way between LiGge and Brussels.
Pace 15.
Line 2.—Louvain.—A Belgian town on the Dyle, which is a
tributary of the Scheldt.
Line 9.—avancement. Promotion.
Line 13.—aristocratie.—Pronounce final fie as if spelled cie in words derived from Greek, also in some names of countries, as Daimatie, Nigritie &c.
Line 17.—en rapport.—In accordance with—in keeping with.
Line 23.—contenu &c.—Upheld solely by custom.
Line 24.—mœurs.—This noun has no singular. The s is sounded,
Line 32.—peu équitables les obstacles.—Tittle justice in the obstacles.
Line 84—libre concurrence,
Free competition.
ss essor.—()peration—play,
Line.39.—applaudit à.—"The following are the most commonly occurring French verbs which take à before the noun, while the corresponding verbs in English take no preposition: applaudir, convenir, défendre, se fier, obéir, pardonner, permettre, plaire, promettre, répondre, resister, succéder.
Pacs 16.
Line 9.—dechéance.-—Deposition,
Line 27.—dans &c.—Supply, ‘there appeared,.”
Line 29.—dont &c.—At which........misht have sometimes taken offence.
Lino 30.—s’i1 eût été.—An assumption not true,or a negative as-
sumption, introduced by sé, requires the suhjunctive
mood.
Line 88.—héros.— See Note, p. 11, 1 12
Line 39.—monde.—$Society.
Line 40.—possédant.—Controlling. Compare English noun “ selfpossession.”
Line 1.—délicatesses.—Refinements.
« choisie. —Select,
Line 10.—second.—The c has the sound of g in second, secret, and their derivatives.
Line 16.—commerce.—]Intercourse.
Line 24.—jacobins.— Members of a political club composed of extreme Democrats. It was originally called the Cub
Bréton, and was formed at Versailles in 1789, When the
\ about!
h is A
cie in nes of
nly oc-
noun, 10 pre- Tr, paruccéder.
s taken
ive aSinctive
| self.
et, and
of ex- 16 Club ien the
NOTES. 145 National Assembly removed to Paris, it met in the he of ie former Dominican Convent, which was called the Jacobin Convent, because situated in the Pne St. Jacques (Latin, Jacobus). It soon became even- more powerful than the Assembly ; the agitation for the death of the king, the destruction of the Girondists, and the Reign of Terror were the work of the Jacobins. The overthrow of Robespierre, in 1794, was the death-blow
of the club, and in the end of that year it was finally closed,
Line 31.— prit des dispositions. —
Line 35.—Impériaux.Tmperial, Empire,
Line 84.—uue trahison. An act of treason,
Line 58.—compte.
Made arrangements—prepared, .e., belonging to the German
From this word, which comes from Latin computo, we get English count, reckoning ; the word count. the title, is derived from the French comte, which is from Latin comes, companion,
PAGr 18.
Line 1.—<conjurer.— Avert, Line 2.—Co-aité de salut public.Thig committee formed in 1793, was composed of members chosen from the Con-
vention, in whose hands was placed what was practivally supreme power,
Line 6.—tribunal révolutionnaire — This Was established at
the same time as the Committee of Public Safety, at the instance of Danton, to coërce and terrify his opponents. Line 6—enfin.—Finally—concluding the list of causes which pro-
duced the état afreux of Paris.
Line 7.—montagnards So called
(from montagne, mountain) because they occupied seats in the highest part of the
hall. They represented the extreme democratic party. “The Legislative Assembly was divided into three parties, a Right, a Centre, and a Left; the first Conservative, the last Radical, and the second Moderate. The Left became known as the Mountain, and the Centre as the Plain.” (Morris’s History of Fr. Rev.) Line 8.—girondins.—The chief men of the Plain or Mode party were known by the name of Girondists, their leadine men were de
of Gironde.
rate because puties from the depertment They struggied bravely against the Montagnards and Jacobins, but in spite of their eloquence they were overthrown by their enemies, May 31st, :798
Line 183 —arme.—Weapon.
Line 15.—s’y refusa.—Refused to do this. Se refuser takes à after it.
Line 16.—éclairer.— Enlighten, or inform.
Line 22.—disait-il.— He was in the habit of saying—Observe the force of the imperfect.
