CHAPTER VIII
HISTORICAT, RETROSPECT—THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCILS—STATE OF PAR- TIES—THE DIRECTORY—HOCHE’S OPINIONS AND SYMPATHIES--VISIT PARIS—SUMMONED BEFORE THE DIRECTORY—FAILURE OF HIS SCHEMES TO ASSIST THE DIRECTORS—ACCUSATIONS IN THE COUNCIL OF THE FIVE HUNDRED—HIS ILLNESS—THE COUP D'ÉTAT OF FRUC- TIDOR—-HOCHE COMMANDER OF THE UNITED ARMIES OF THE SAMBRE AND MEUSE AND THE RHINE-—HIS DEATH--HIS FUNERAL—REVIEW OF HIS CHARACTER.
Pace 109.
Line 6.—en butte à ln haine— Txposed to the hatred.
Line 10.—dont les historiens &c—Which historians have not sufficiently taken into account. See Note, p. 32, 1, 22.
Line 15.—debout—In power—literally, standing.
Line 22.—en déciarant—By declaring.
Line 24.—nouvenux conseils &e.—Referri. : to the Council of the Ancients and the Council of the Five Hundred.
Line 27.—mitraiiia.-Shot down—mitrailler is properly, to fire grape-shot at, from mitraille, grape,.
Line 30.—formés pour @&c.—Two thirds of which consisted of,
Pace 110,
Line 7—mieux composé Constituted on a better system.
qu’il ne l’a For this uso of no, see D. F., 609.
Line 8.—à deux degrés—By two stages—The following extract
from Thiers’ History of the French Revolution will explain what these two stages were :—“ AI] the citizens of the age of twenty-one met of right in primary assembly on every first day of the month of Prairial, and nominated electoral assemblies. These electoral assemblies met every 20th of Prairial, and nominateü the two Councils; and the two Councils nominated the Directory.”” The nomination of the electoral assemblies was the first of the deux degrés; the nomination of the Councils by these assemblies was the second.
Line 9.-—Pautorité du nombre &c.—$See Note, 1. 8 As the
electoral assemblies were appointed by the whole body of the citizens, these elections had the ‘authority of° numbers;” and as the members of these assemblies were naturally selected from the ablest and most experienced men of the country, the final nomination by these of the Legislative Councils had the “authority of presumed ability.”
Line 15.—ami des principes —Favorable to the principles.
et qui &c.—$See Note, p. 5,1. 33.
Line 21.—avec la paix—Along with peace—in addition to peace. Line 23.—l’épuration &c.—The gradual and legal reformation of àx
Directory which was the heir of the Convention—4.e., wkbich had inherited the extreme opinions as well as authority and executive power of the Convention. They desired that the method of changing the member-
ship established by the new Constitution should have
its due effect, so that the Executive as well as the L :gislative power should truly represent the sentiments of the electors.
Line 25.—étaient sortis—Had issued—+.e., several royalists had
been elected members of the Legislative Councils.
Line 28.—l’opposition—Viz,, to the Directory, which was now
supported by only a minority of the two councils.
PAce 111,
Line 1.—en cela—In that 2.+., in attracting attention,
Trop bien—"Too well—because by the support which the
Royalists gave to the opposition, they put it in the
xtract n will itizens assem- 1, and a88emMhe tv:o Direces was of the
\s the e body
rity of
mblies
experion by rity of
eace.
on of à n—+2,.e., well as ention.
emberd have 16 L :gents of
ts had
8 now F
ich the in the
power of the Directors named to accuse the mejority in the Legislative Councils of being at heart opposed to the Republic, and anxious to restore the Bourbons and the exiled aristocrats.
Line 7.—que c'en &c.—That it was all over with the Revolution.
Line 15.—-nous l’avons dit As we have said,
Line 16.—Parvenu—Having risen.
Line 18.—i1 risquait—He was in danger.
Line 21.—le régime détruit—The system which had been destroyed—1.e., the monarchy.
Line 25.—les privilégiés—The privileged classes. See foot-notes pp. 5 and 11.
Line 26.—gentilshommes—Nobles—ïn this word the Lis silent,
Line 32.—sous son véritable jour-—Tn its true light.
Line 35.—fit place—Gave way.
Line 41.—service— What was this service ?
Pace 112.
Line 10.--ne saurait être &c.—Can be truly natural only so far as it is, &c.—For this use of saurait, see D. F. 267.
Line 12.—ne subsiste &e,—Exists only as far as—or in proportion as.
Line 16.—politique—Policy.
Line 28.—y substituer—To substitute for them—to replace them by.
Line 24.—pour Iuwi—Tn his opinion—in his eyes.
Line 25,—à éeruser—To be crushed—The English Active Infinitive
is frequently used in the same way as—A river to cross —à house to let.
Line 26.—fit part &ce.—Communicated to the Government,
Line 29.—au besoïin—Tf necessary.
“e Il se concerta-He consulted.
Line 31.—toute entreprise &c.—LEvery violent attack of the Directors upon &c.
Line 36.—d’Irlande-—T[rish—against Ireland.
Line 87.—en deça &c.—Within the limits.
Pace 118.
Line 8,—remaniement ministériel A change of ministers. The Directory had the power of appointing ministers.
Line 6.—s’en émut__Was alarmed at this.
Line 8.—ne rétrogradaient—Did not retire—When si with the
s in the middle of a comnonnd sentence
VIS SE LE & CORRIPCRRR BERSSRLE,
ps
has the meaning of unless, ne is used without pas. Line 9.—s’éleva- Protested,
ns
DE pes
prop RES
Line 10.—nu ministre To be minister.
Line 11.—l'Âge légal—This was thirty years.
Line 18.—sur—Of—Sur has this sense when the reference is to what is left over (sur) after something has been deducted,
Line 16.—demeurer &c,—To remain within the law—1.e., to actin a legal manner.
Line 18.—réunisAssembled,
Line 21.—allégua &c.—Hoche was doubtless correct in this. La Ferté-Alais was eleven leagues from Paris, and, therefore only one league within the prescribed limits. There was no object to be gained by so moderate a transgression of the law, while, on the other hand, the opponents of the Directory had an excuse fc: their denunciation of Hoche, who owing partly tothis inadvertence of General Richepanse, was compelled to leave Paris and allow the Directors to carry out their plans without his aid.
Line 24.--le rayon prohibé-—The forbidden radius —1.e., distance from Paris. See Foot-note on page, 118.
Line 26.—fit cesser— Put à stop to.
Line 29.-—-fit rétrograder—Withdrew.
Line 31.—Wetzlnar—A fortified town on the Labn, N.E,. of Coblenz.
Line 35,—crédit Reputation.
Pace 114.
Line 3,—Marius—The ceiebrated Roman general. The allusion "here is to the manner in which, by means of his army,
he made himself master of Rome and put to death vast numbers of his opponents. Consult a Biographical Dictionary. -
Line 5.—une faïble partie—A small part—Distinguish partie
fem.—part, from parti, mase.—party.
prélevées sur—Levied on—Exacted from.
Line 8.—il fit entendre—Tfe allowed it to be understood—He hinted.
Line 9.—é6tat-majoxStaff,
Line 11.—caisses—Treasury—literally boxes—whence, probably, our word, Cash. Compare similar use of Goffers.
Line 12.—besoins éventuels The allusion is specially to the Irish Expedition. See p. 108 1. 16.
Line 15.—fournisseurs- Contractors.
Line 18.—de sang-froid— With patience. Line 20.—bien qu’appartenant &e,— Although himself belonging,
a Ni ie Da pet
bd
ng.
Line 22.—misére Want.
Line 23.—n'avaient-—$Sec Not, p, 118, 1. 8 Line 26.—fripons- Scoundrels.
Line 28.—de faire vivre—!lo feed.
Line 80.—ait—Subjunctive after croire.
Line 31.—coupables &e,—Criminals of his kind. Line 83.—de si haut—l['rom sohigh a quarter, Line 35.—souduin—At once, Line 36.—jugement-Trial Line 37.—en butte-Txposed.
F dans le sein &c,—Tn the legislative councils.
Line 6.—va être signéeæ—]Ts out to be concluded,
Line 6.—vous dessnisir deDivest yourselves of—lay down. Line 7.—fixé-Decided.
Line 10.—-de troubler-To disturb.
Line 11.—n’alla pas &c.—Proceeded no further in this direction. Line 12.—sein-—Bosom—system.
‘. qui met &c—Which places the glorious deeds of noble men in security, and protects them from reverses of fortune.
Line 15.—atteintes—Attacks.
s mal—Disease.
Line 17.—-Le bruit &c—Therumourspread that he had been poisoned. Line 21.—précédemiment—Previousiy—on a previous occasion. Line 22.—soudoyé—Hired.
: on savait &@c.—His life was known to be seriously threatened.
Line 27.—en proie à—A prey to, Line 28.—épuisé—Exhausted, Line 86.—un coup de feu &c.—A shot was fired at him almost point-blank, Line 838.—pour son complire—As his accomplice. ‘ç nullement—Vainly,
Line 1.—Ia joie @&c.—It is stated by Thiers that Horhe in his anxiety as to the result of the coup d'État, had prepared for himself and his family, means of flight to Austria, in case the Directors should not be successful in their attacks on the Legislative Councils.
\, lui rendit &c.—Gave him renewed strength,
212 NOTFSS,
Line 65.—peu éloignée—Not far distant,
Line 10.—destitun Removed—1,e., from the command of the Army of the Rhine.
Line 15.—i1 se disait &e.—Ife said that he was clothed.
‘6 Hereule—Centaure— Hercules having overcomethe Cen-
taur Nessus, the latter in revenge sent to the wife of his Conqueror a poisoned robe, which she presented as a gift to her husband. The victorious hero put it on, when the poison began to take effect, and caus-d him such torture that he committed suicide.
Line 22.—empirique__Quack.
Line 24,—arrêtSentence.
Line 25.—se vit mourir—Saw that he was dying.
Line 85.—la remise &c.—The putting again in force.
Pace 117.
Line 2.—revint sur—Roferred to.
Line 4-—qu'il était heureux—That it was fortunate.
Line 6.—n’eût-Subjunctive after the impersonal phraso 41 était heureux.
Line 11.—congédia Djismissed—took leave of—from congé, leave.
Line 14.—crise— Attack—spasm,
Line 18.—le vainqueur &c.—Napoleon Bonaparte. Arcola and Rivoli are places in northern Italy famous for Napoleon’s victories.
Line 21.—fñit à son général @&c.—(@ affecting funeral.
Line 26.—Marceau-— A distinguished Republican general w killed in 1796.
Line 27.—Le convoi funèbre—The funeral procession.
Line 81.—en deuil Draped in mourning,
< au son lugubre &c—To the mournful sound of the muffled drums, and the solemn knell of the bells tolled by the inhabitants of the cities and towns through
which it passed—mises en branle—literally, set in motion.
Line 85.—et firent &c.—And also formed a procession in honor of the general—or, joined in the procession.
ave its general a splendid and
ho was
2.—RIIËSE—Alicviated—lightened, charges Burdens, Line 8.—Braunfels—A town in Rhenish Prussia, N.E, of Coblenz.
Line 2- anésé A €
of the
1e Cen- ; of ais d as a it on, À him
of the
tolled rough set in
nor of
blenz,
Line 4.—1n place publique—The public square,
Line 5.—maison—Household.
Line 8.—rangée en bataille Drawn up in order of battle.
Line 9,—1es glacis—The glacis—i.e., the smooth, sloping ascent leading up to the fortifications of a city or castle—so called on account of its Smoothness, from glace, ice. See Note, p. 21, 1. 80.
Line 11.—haie—Line—literally, hedge.
Line 18.—de ses deniers—Tlis mite—denier, from Latin denarius,
an old French coin of the value of nearly half an Eng.
lish farthing—or, about a quarter of a cent.
Line 24.—couronne Guarland.
Line 41.—@hilde Huroid—T to :
he following are the stanzas referred
LVI, By Coblenz, on a rise of gentle ground, There is à small and simple pyramid, Crowning the summit of the verdant mound ; Beneath its base are herzes’ ashes hid, Our enemy’s—but let not that forbid Honow to Marceau! o’er whose early tomb, Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier’s lid, Lamenting and yet envying such a doom, Falling for France, whose rights he battled to resume. Brief, brave, and glorious was his young career, His mourners were two hosts, his friends and foes, And fitly may the stranger lingering hero Pray for his gallant spirits bright repose; For he was reedom’s cham ion, one of those, The few in number, who hd not o’erstept The charver to chastise which she bestows On such as wield her weapons; he had kept The whiteness of his soul, and thus men o’er him wept.
Line 6.—conviés—Invited.
Line 6.—fête funèbre—Funeral celebration.
Line 12.—s’attirer sur eux—To attract.
Line 15.—plus il montait &c.—The higher he rose, the greater he appeared,
Line 16.—lon est d’accord &c.—All agree in acknowledging— Napoleon said of Hoche, “If he had lived, he would either have conquered me or yielded to me. Ashe was fond of money and pleasure, he would have yielded to me.” The love of money seems a strange accusätion to bring against a man who, with numberless and unlimited
(l (| (il | (f
a: AREA MAIEEE
214 NOTF.S.
opportunities ofacquiring wealth—opportunities of which other generals similarly situated were not slow to avail themselves, still remained poor, and who sacrificed his
wife’s fortune to assist the Directors in their schemes,
âgainst the Legislative Councils.
Line 19.—enachet-Stamp.
Line 21.—de soi—Of self,
Line 22,—saillants-Siriking— The English form of the word is.
‘“ Salient.”
Line 25,—désintéressement—Unselfishness—Distinguisa this word from the adverb désintéressément,
Line 26.—qui n’eué &c.—Which never had any other object than the welfare of his country.
Line 29,—de n’en pas avoir Not to possess iv—1,e., not to be honest,
tu me recommandes &c.—This probably refers to the
time when he handed over his wife’s fortune to Barras, and his colleagues in the Directory. See Note, 1. 16.
Line 81.—un nom sans tache—A stainless name. Distinguish.
tache—stain, fron, tâche task.
Line 88.—mieux-—More entirely.
LE cœur—Affection.
Line 1—proches—Relatives—This noun is notused in thesingular,
Line 2.—au tiers &c.—To this one and that one—to everybody— literally—to the third and to the fourth.
Line 3.—de moins—Less—Distinguish from du moins, at least,
Line 4.—si j’en avis besoin—The meaning is that all his friends had was at his service if he required it, whereas if he had been less generous and open-handed, his friends would have been less disposed to assist him—-in other words, he would have had less in his friends’ purses.
Line 5.—à cet égard— In this respect.
Line 6.—il faut remonter—We must go back—+. e., in history.
Line 7.—du Guesclin—Fertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France and the most renowned Frenc} general of the 14th century. He was no scholar, but excelled in all kinds of military exercises. He was taken prisoner first at Auray by the English, and again by the Black Prince im Spain, He was the principal general of Charles V. in his war with the English. He died in 1380.
Line 7.—la sienne-His—. e., the life of Hoche.
Lir
Lin
sof which w to avail ificed his schemes
> word is this word ject than not to be rs to the
so Barras, e, 1. 16.
stinguish.
singular, rybody—
t least, is friends reas if he is friends -in other )Ur£es.
istory.
of France the 14th all kinds r first at :k Prince
Line 11.—sangsues—Bloodsuckers—1. e., extortioners, robbers.
Line 12,—1n parfuite &c.—Perfsct self-possession.
Line 14.—ils firent voir-They exhibited.
Line 15.—de fougue &c.—Impetuosity in action. ,
Line 16.—ils firent avancer &c.—They caused the art of war to make progress—more freely—they :eformed the art of war.
Line 17.—mères-The sources.
Line 18.—modernes—Plural, because it qualifies both tactique and stratégie. D. F. 426.
Line 27,—ne s’en mit &e.—Never troubled himself about 1t—4. ., never ronsidered it a thing to be sorry about,
Line 30.—pour en combler &c.—To supply the deficiency.
Line 34.—sève—Vigour—literally, sap.
Line 35.—se nourrissait &c—Ted with delight,.
Line 37.—chefs—Alluding chiefly to Cincinnatus.—See Note p. 38, 1. 30,
Line 38.—de conduire &c.—By holding the plough.
Line 40.—dégagés &e.—Freed gradually from that bombastic tone which was very prevalent at that time in official language—For a graphic description of this official style see Macaulay’s Essay on Barère.
Pace 121.
Line 3—arrive au goûÂt—Attained to good taste—1, e., in his literary style.
Line 11—ne donna point &c.—(Gave no ordinarv proof of good sense. -
Line 14.—à travers &c,— Through the charm of a too seductive style.
Line 19.—quelques-unes—Refers to Lettres, 1. 17.
Line 28.—On y trouve &c.—Some dark shades are found there also—+.e., in the character of Hoche.
Line 29.—à faire violence à—In restraining—in controlling.
Line 30.—ennemie de—Which was impatient of,
Line 32.—opposée—Of an opposite character.
Line 35.—abattements—Periods of dejection.
“6 défaillances — Weaknesses.
Pacz 192,
Line 1.—sa haute raison—fis sound sense.
‘6 reprenaient l’empire-—Resumed control.
Line 5.—1 risqua &e,—He was in danger of himself imperilling the liberty of his cobntry, whila belioving that he was doing her a service,
Line C.411 se trompa &:,—Tfe was mistakeu, but honestly 80.
Line 12.—nau seln—TIn the midst,
Line 13,.—eût compris—See Note, p. 9,1, 19.
Line 15.—sérieusement Solemnly,
Line 17.—Jjamais non plus &c.—Nor would he ever—more literally, no more would he ever.
Line 20.—Plutarque—Plutarch—A Greek writer of the first century who wrote the Lives of celebrated Greeks and Romans
Line 21.—Cimon—One of the most celebrated of the Atheninn generals during the Persian wars.
Phocion—Another celebrated Athenian, noted as an opponent of Demosthenes in the discussions regarding Philip of Macedon.
Paule-Emile Æmilius Paulus, a famou, ..oman consul who prrished in the battle of Cannæ, in which Hannibal
the Carthaginian general so signally defented the Romans.
Pacx 193.
Line 6.—faubourg Saint-Germain—This was the aristrocratic quarter of Paris at the time of the Revolution, Line 11.—les livrait—Gave them up—1.e., to trial and death.
LL par—On account of—The meaning is that the mere fact of living in a certain part of the city, of being of noble rank, or of.a certain family, &c., was sufficient to send them to the scaffold.
Line 27.—affamé-Starved,
Line 28.—affiché—Made a show of—displayed—derived from affiche, a placard or hand-bill.
Line 30,—bon—Good enough—1.e., sufficient to condemn.
Line 31.—duns sa section—Tn ones district,
Pace 124,
Line 4.—ils épiaient-They watched for—In Uld French, the verb was written espier, whence our words ‘ espy ”
and Spy », Line 6.—détenus—Prisoners, Line 19.—On prolongeait &c,—The route was lengthened,
Lu
Li:
Li:
FDP AIRE A ER
iperilling t he was
tly 50.
ore liter-
first ceneeks and
aian gen-
‘Ad as an regarding
an cousul Hannibal ated the
strocratic
ath.
mere fact œ of noble t to send
mafiche,
nch, the 1 «e espy »?
Line 21.—<’évait l'assassinat &o,—Tt wns murder turr : into a show, and a sport for a whole nation.
Line 25.--In capitulation dite-T'he alleged capitulation.
Line 29.—que l’on prête Which are attributed,
Line 81.—."—In regard to this.
125, Line 6.--tout €e que &c.— All who were émigrés. Line 16..-sans autorité Unauthorized.
Line .9—de sommer &c,—To call upon Hoche ca his honour ta cause the promises which he had rezeived trom him to
Pac
be respected,
Line 26.—émigrés—Ttalicized to express the fact that it wûs only the Republicans in the enemy's ranks to whom the offer of quarter had been made. £
Line 28.—démenti—Contradi:ted—According to the laws then in force every émigré who set foot on the soil of France was to be punished by death.
Line 29.—nmette—Definite—explicit.
Line 35.—le mit &e.—Put him under arrest,
Line 36.—que vous ne &c.—That you will not be offended
1.—n ne pourrait &e.—A man of honou+ coula never betray plighted faith—literally—It could not happen to a man of honour, &c.
Line 4.—cest qu'ils &c.—It is because they appropriated to themselves.
Line 6.—Prisonniers enrûlés—Referring to those French Republicans who had been prisoners in England, and who, to find meens of escape, had accepted the offer of liberty on condition of taking service in the Royalist expedition. See p. 75, Il. 10—17.
Tine 8.—proclamons &c.—Let us deciare most emphatically.
Line 9.—une perfidie--An act of treachery.
Line 19.—arrête—Decrees. See Note, p. 37, 1. 7.
Line 28.—également—Also.
Line 28.—et dans lequel &c.—From which Hoche borrowed. See
Note, p. 5, 1. 38.
Line 1—autant se faire &c.—As far as possible—Observe the
peculiar order. .
Line 2.—lappôt du butin—The desire for plunder.
eme"
ge oO ERP NN RE ER
Line 8,--les flibustiers &e.—The buccaneers in the West Indies, The name flibustier—in English, filibuster—is derived from the Spanish libote or filibote, n small fast-sailing boat, and means a lawless military adventurer—especielly one in quest of plunder, It was, as the derivation shows, originally applied to those who infested the West Indian sens.
Line 7,—On pourrait &o—There might be incorporated.
- Les condasanés &e—Those condemned by law to im. prisonment or the galleys.
Line 14.—Faire espérer &e—'To give he convicts hopes of the remission of their punishment,
Line 17.—Noyau-—Nuclens.
Line 20.—Un chef unique &c—A single leader entrusted with the entire management of the operations,
Line 24,—11 ne faut &e—Tt must not be lost sight of.
Line 25.— Aussi peu &c—So few men.
Line 32.—Soût::::--soit—Tither.,...or—bnt both......and would express the meaning better.
Lis Line 4.—A mesure &c—As they advauce. See Note, p. 21, 1. 18.
Line 12.—Et ne point &e—And no quarter must be shown.
Line 29,— Voilà bien &e—Just look at our Frenchmen.
Line 32.—Ainsi que ‘’—As some frantic demagogues have become, The participal adjective erragés is here placed before the noun contrary to the rule, D. F.438. This order is admissible in familier speaking or writing.
Line 2.—Moutonnière-—Sheep-like—+.e., following each other like a flock of sheep —not ‘“sheepish,” which in French is penaud or niais.
Line 3.—Rentiers—Fund-holders—men of independent means—- Properly speaking, those who have money invested in stocks, &e.
