PREVIOUS REFERENCES TO THE POEM

In the bibliography that follows, I give a list of the older books mentioning the Chevalier à VÊpée^ together with later works containing discussion or bibliography. I bave consulted ail the works I mention.

Geoffrey Tory, Champ fleury. 8-LXXX ff. Paris, 1529, 4^ fo. III vo. Claude Fauchet, Recueil de l^ Origine de la Langue et Poésie françoise, Ryme et Romans. Paris, 1581, 8°, pp. 102-103. Etienne Pasquier, Zes Recherches de la France. Paris, 1643, folio, p. 605 (book 7, chapter 3). Gordon de Percel, Bibliothèque des Romans. Amsterdam, 1744, 2 vol. 16°. Vol. II, p. 227, article 8. J. R. Sinner, Extraits de quelques Poésies des XIP, XII1% XIV' Siècles. Lausanne, 1759, 12°, 96 pp. Pp. 13, 56. Dictionnaire d^ Anecdotes, de Traits singuliers et characteristiques . . . (" par Jacques Lacombe,^^ inserted in ink in the copy at the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris). Paris, 1766, 8°, p. 269, s. v. femmes. Les Bibliothèques de La Croix du Maine et de Du Verdier. 6 vol. 4^ Paris, 1772-1773. Vol. III (1772), pp. 318-319 ; vol. I, p. 120. Bibliothèque universelle des Romans. 112 vol. in 224 parts, Paris, 1775-1789, 12°. Nov. 1775, pp. 84-85 ; Feb. 1777, L, pp. 87-98; Api. 1776, I., yp. 159-161 (Under the last référence is to be found merely the story of the Maiden and Dogs as contained in the prose Tristan). J. B. de la Borde and the Abbé Poussier, Essai sur la Musique, ancienne et moderne. 4 vol. Paris,

1780, 4*°. Vol. II, p. 182. John Dunlop, The History of Fiction. 2nd édition, Edinburg, 1816, 3 vol. 8°. Vol. I, pp. 272, 359-360. Le Grand d'Aussy, Fabliaux ou Contes, Fables et Romans du XII et du XIII Siècle. 3^ édition, considérablement augmentée. 5 vol. 8°, Paris, 1829. Vol. I, pp. 101-125. Also V édition, Paris, 1779-1781, 4 vol. 8°. Vol. I, pp. 34-59 ; and 2« édition, Paris,

1781, 5 vol. 12°. (The Ist and 2nd éditions hâve not the appendix containing tho text of the Chevalier). Histoire littéraire de la France, vol. XV, Paris, 1820, 4*°, pp. 193-264, Chrétien de Troyes, by " G.^' P. 197. Histoire littéraire de la France, vol. XIX, Paris, 1838, 4*°, pp. 704-729, petits Poèmes épisodiques, by " A. D.'^ (Aumaury Duval). F. F. T. de ReiÔenberg, Chronique rimée de Philippe Mouskes, Évêque de Tourney au 13* Siècle. Bruxelles, 2 vol. 4*°, 1836-1838 (in Collection de Chroniques de Belges). Vol. I, p. CXLIV (Holland gives by mistake p. CXLiii). A. van Hasselt, Essai sur l'Histoire de la Poésie française en Belgique. Bruxelles, 1838 {Mémoires couronnées par

Previous Discussion, 41

r Académie royale des Sciences et de Belles-Lettres de B,, vol. XIII), p. 8 (Wolf gives by mistake p. 7). J. G. T. Graesse, die grossen Sagenkrelse {Lehrbuch einer allgemelnen Literaergeschichte, vol. II, part 3, Ist half, 1842, 8°), p. 250. W. L. Holland, Chrétien von Troyes. Tubingen, 1854, 8°, pp. 243-244. A. Dinaux, Trouvères brab.j haln., llég., et namur. Bruxelles, 1863, 8°, pp. 607-608. Ferd. Wolf, Ùeber Raoul de Houdenc, Vienna, 1865 (Wiener Akademie, Denhschrijten Philos.-Hlst, Classe, vol. XIV), pp. 158-159. O. Boerner, Raoul de Houdenc. Leipzig, 1884, 8°, p. 116. Hlst lit. de la France, vol. XXX, Paris, 1888, pp. 67-68 (Gaston Paris).

Geoffrey Tory states that Chrétien de Troyes was the author of the Chevalier à VÉpée. This statement was copied by Fauchet,^ Pasquier,^ Gordon de Percel,^ La Croix du Maine,* and Du Verdier.^ Sinner, who had access to the manuscript, saw from its own statement that Chrétien could not be the author,^ but, overawed by the authorities who made the assertion, he himself repeats their mistake.^ In the Extraits,^ he gives a summary of the épisode of the Maiden and the Dogs based on the manuscript of the poem, and this summary is the source of the épisode as given in the Dictionnaire des Anecdotes.^ In the Bibliothèque des Romans for 1775,^^^ Tressan gives a summary of the Maiden and Dogs that he claims to hâve drawn from the Chevalier à VEpée, which he has read in the Perceval in verse ; he says that it does not occur in the prose Percival, and that he now translates it from the original. The truth is that his analysis is copied from the Dictionnaire des Anecdotes. Dunlop^^ has copied from him the fabulons statemont about the occurrence of the épisode in the Perceval. The Bibliothèque des Romans for 1777^^ gives a free imitation of the first épisodes, drawn from the Chevalier à VEjpée. The first accurate account of the contents of the poem came ont in 1789, in the first édition of Le Grand d^Aussy\'i Fabliaux ou Contes^^ and in conséquence we see De la Borde and the Abbé Roussier in 1780^* denying positively Chrétien's authorship. Van Hasselt^* makes the statement, which Dinaux ^^ repeated, that Raoul de Houdan was the author. I judge he had read the summary of the Chevalier à VÉpée given in the Bibliothèque des Romans for 1775, which contains only the Maiden and Dogs épisode, and identified it with the same épisode in the Vengeance de RaguideL

U. c, fo. 3 vo. 2 1^ g ^ p^ 605. 3 /. c, p. 227. * l. c, vol. I, p. 120.

5 /. c, vol. III, pp. 318-319. «Sinner, Extraits, L c, p. 13.

" Sinner, Catalogus, l. c, vol. III, p. 378 ; Extraits, L c, p. 56.

8 L c, pp. 56-57. 9/. c, p. 269. ^'^L c, pp. 84-85.

" /. c, vol. I, p. 272. 12 1^ c., pp. 87-98. ^^ /. c, pp. 34-59.

"/. c. vol. II, p. 82. ^^l. c, p. 8. ^H. c, pp. 607-608.

42 Language of Author,

The remaining material on the Chevalier à PÉpée given in the Works cited above consists in a répétition of old références and in enumeration of passages where the épisodes are to be found. The only discussion of the poem is the page devoted to it by Mr. Gaston Paris in vol. XXX of the Histoire littéraire de la France} Liebrecht^ quotes Schmidt,^ who corrected the statement of Tressan* that the Queen of Navarre and Bonaventure des Perriers had imitated the Maiden and Dogs, and that the épisode is found in the Lancelot du Lac.^