Il, i.e. the dog

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I. en rupture de ban, 'who has broken his ban.' Ban means originally ' summons ' or ' notice,' a sensé preserved in the English use of * banns,' i.e. notice of intention to marry. It came later to be used for the spécial ' summons ' to go into exile ; hence ' banishment.' Thus to hâve broken ban means to hâve returned to a place where a man is not permitted to réside and so to be an unauthorised wanderer with no recognised place or rights in society. To be 'without papers' is a serious matter in France, where a certificate of identity may be required by the police from any stranger entering or leaving a town or public place.

«. ni feu ni lieu, * neither hearth nor home/

3. Belle-Etoile. Coucher or loger à la belle étoile, 'to sleep or lodge under the light of the slars,' is an idiomatic expression regularly used for passing the night in the open air.

1 3. dont lui-même. . .défendre, ' at which he was himself astonished , but which he could not prevent, ' ///. ' but against which he could not hâve protected himself,' i.e. had he wished to do so.

20. qui sonnent à Notre-Dame, 'striking at S. Mary's.' EngUsh idiom uses the possessive where the word * church ' is supplied ; in French the proper name follows the uoun without a préposition ; V Eglise Noire Dame, ' S. Mary's Church,' or, ' the Church of Our Lady.'

21. Jeanneton va bien me recevoir, 'a nice greeting I shall get from Janet.'

3. Côte de Grâce. On the top of the steep hill rising over Ilonfleur is the pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame de Grâce, 'Our Lady of Grâce.'

5. chaque... capricieuses, 'each turn due to the vagary of the road.' The undulating nature of the country in Normandy makes the roads more winding than they are for the most part in France.

8. ne s'oflFre, &c. ' Nowhere does a larger horizon &c.' Note the répétition in French of the négative ne without pas after the indefinite l^eneral adjective nul.

20. médiocrité dorée, *the golden mean.' The référence is to Horace, who praises in his Odes the aurea mediocritas, the happy mean between squalid poverty and invidious riches.

29. Ave maris Stella, ' Hail, star of the sea.' Thèse are the opening words of a hymn by S. Bernard, commonly sung by sailors and fishermen on leaving port for a voyage.

32. sage. The *wise man' or idéal philosopher (aiming at the golden mean) would désire a modest dwelling, the sailor an outlook on the sea.

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