THE ETYMOLOGY OF WHICH IT IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO KNOW

The process of Investigation by which thc following ctymologict hâve been ascertained can be found in Littré's " Dictionnaire de la Langue Française/' or Brachet's EtymologicalDictionary," Englisb édition, by G. W. Kitchin, M. A.

Ailleurs, adv. t elsewhere ; from Lat. aliorsum, for alicversum* from aHus 9 othcr, and versus, turned. Derivative, d'ailleurs, besides.

Ainsi, adv. % so, thus ; Old French ensi, fartber back insi ; from Lat insic. Cf. Aussi.

Alors, adu, 9 then ; from à, préposition, and lors. Ses lors and or.

Après, prep. and adv. % after ; from à, préposition, and près. See

Assez, aàv. 9 enough; from Lat. adsaiis. Assez at first meant M much," and was placed after the substantive. In this word ds is assimilated to ss. Cf. Aussi.

Aucun, adj., any, anyone, someone ; from Lat. aliquis and unus. In Old French aliquis became alque, with the signification of aliqui. Aucun becomes négative when accompanied by ne.

Aujourd'hui, adv. % to-day, in Old French written aujourd'hui, is a pleonasm, litcrally meaning " on the day of to-day. 91 Hui is Lat. hodù. Set Jour.

Auparavant, adv. 9 before ; from au, par, and avant The article au was not attached to this word before the fifteenth century ; Old French said par-avant See Avant.

Auprès, adv., and prep. with de ; from au and près. See Près.

Aussi, adv., also, lilcewise. Old French a/si, from Lat. aliud sic g ds is assimilated to ss. See Assez.

Avant, prep, before, adv. f far, forward ; from Lat. abante, a form found in a few inscriptions of the Empire. The Lat. b becomes v. Cf. habere, avoir, to hâve, etc. Derivative, avantage.

na LE CID.

Avwc, prep,, with ; formerly aveuc, originally avoo, from a barbarons Lat. abhoe, which is a transformation of the expression apudhoc, literally "with this," apud having the signification of cum in several Merovingian and Carolingian documents. This dérivation is demonstrated by the Old French peroec, for this {par hoc) senœc, witfcout this (sine hoc).

Beaucoup, ado,, much ; firom &u* and coup, a blow. The Old French phrase was more often grant coup thao beaacoop. This sensé of grand is to be seen in other phrases, ai un beau mangeur, a great eater.

Car, conj., for/ becaose ; from Lat. auare. In Old French car

kept its etymological sensé ; in the thirteenth centory men said,

Je ne sais ni car ni comment, where they would now say, Je ne

sais ni pourquoi ni comment.

Ce, dem. adj,, this. Old French çp, originally iço, from Lat. ecce»

hoc; iço was afterwards reduced to *9, whence modem French

ce.

Cet, dem. adj., this. Old French icist, later cist, from Lat eeeitte;

eût became cest, whence the modem French cet. Ceux, pron,, thèse. Old French iceux, from Lat. ecçiUos; icenx

finally was reduced to ceux, CHACUN, distrib, fro,, each one ; Old French, chascun, chasqun,

from Lat qutsque unus, The change of c into cÀ before a, of

which there is not a trace in Merovingian Latin, was prodneed .

early in French.

Chez, prep., at the house of ; from Lat. casa. Chez was in very old

French a substantive, meaning a house ; the phrase de chat in

" Je viens de chez tous " bears witness by its form that the

wôrd was originally a subst.

Combien, adv., how many ; from corn (■ to what point), old form

of comme and bien .

Comme, adv,, how, as ; from Lat quomodo.

Comment, adv., why, how ; composed of comme and ent, which is

from Lat inde.

Dans, prep., in ; Old French dens, oontracted from de and ens;

Lat. tntus.

Dehors, adv., outside, without ; subst. f ezterior, appearance ; from

de and hors , formerly fors, from Lat. foras. DÉJÀ, adv., already ; Old French desjà, from dès— {See lower) —

andjà, adv,, already, from Lat jam.

Demain, adv., to-morrow ; from Lat de and marne, morning. Depuis, prep, and adv,, since; from de and puis. {See Fuis.) Derrière, prep. and ode., behtnd ; from Lat de rétro, which

became in Old French rient (as petru prodneed pierre) : arrière,

ad rétro ; dr became rr by asnhnilatinn. Cf> Assez.