Philippe de Champagne, celebrated paintw, bom in Brus

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sels but a résident of France. His striking porfemit of Rksfae* liea in liis cardinars robes is in the Louvre.

28. Oiotto, Florentine painter wlio lived in the firtt faalf of the fouTteenth centurj. — Saint François d'Aiiise (1182-1326), f ounder of the Franciscan order of monks.

24. Fra Angelieo (1887-1466), Gioranni da Fieeole, called Fra Angelieo, or painter of the angels.

24. Saint Dominique (1170-1221), Castilian preacher and founder of the Dominicans.

15. — 1. la liste ciyile, civil list, sum allowed hy a constitua tional govemment for the personal expenses of the head of the State.

LA FRONDE

La Inonde, name given a civil war that took place during the minority of Louis XIV. between the court partj, headed by Mazarin and the queen, Anne d'Autriche, and the Parliament. The Fronde had two periods: ** La vieille Fronde *' lasted from 1648 to 1649, "La jeune Fronde'' from that jear to 1663. The dislojal administration of Mazarin was the cause of this revolt against the court.