eomite, or oome, a convict guard
54* — 6. se faire valoir: to set, to put, to push oneself forward,
55. — 21. la Saint Barthélemj, a gênerai massacre of Protestants on the night of August 24, 1572; this was ordered by Charles IX. at the instigation of his mother, Catherine de Médicis and of the Guises.
KOTES 99
57.-- 10. Coligaj (1517-1572), admirai of France and head of the Proteâtant partj. He was one of the first yictims of tbe massacre of Saint-Bartholomew.
20. les Etienne» more generallj spelled Estieune; a familj of celebrated prlnters and publishers. Robert, one of tbe best known, was at once publisber, printer, commentator, and autbor; be printed a great number of books, many of tbem masterpieces of art. His Bible of 1545, and bis Greek Testament of 1549, eacb drew upon bim a public prosecution. He finally fled to Geneva and died tbere. Henry, a great scbolaf, died in tbe bospital of Lyons, after baving lost bis fortune in tbe interest of science.
58. — 10. Jacques Debroise, a Frencb arcbitect, wbo built tbe palace of tbe Luxembourg in Paris.
11. Salomon de Caux, a Frencb engineer, discoverer of tbe properties of steam as a motive power.
15. corporations, trades guilds, were associations of individnais, exercising tbe same trade in a locality and wbose members were mutually bound togetber by certain rigbts and duties. From tbe Middle Ages to tbe time of tbe Frencb Révolution (1789), wben tbey were suppressed, tbese guilds succeeded in bolding ail tbeir members, except tbe masters, in complète subjection to a tyrannical System of régulations. Individual progress in any trade was practically impossible, and commerce in gênerai was greatly impeded.
25. rhérétlque. Any one not belonging to tbe Catbolic religion was called a beretic.
28. La Ligue, a confédération of Catbolîcs founded by tbe duke of Guise in 1576; its apparent aim was to protect tbe Catbolic religion against tbe Huguenots, but its real object was tbe overtbrow of King Henry III. and tbe establishment of tbe Guises on tbe tbrone.
29. jurandes, tbe name formerly given to tbe juries of tbe guilds.
100 KOTl^
59* — 10. Kontausiar and tbe preceding were ail prominent families of tlie time.
20. un ^»t dani TÊUt. The Protestants liad enjoyed great freedom and independence ander Henri IV; but tbe marriag« of Louis XIII. witb a Spanisb princess, tbe treatj witb Spain, excited the apprebensions of tbe Hagaenots to sucb an extent tbat tbej made common cause witb tbe prince of Condé, wbo bad set up tbe standard of rébellion. In 1621, Louis XIII. invaded Béarn, a Protestant countrj, to suppress Protestantism. Tbe Huguenots tben beld a gênerai asâembly at Rocbelle, tbeir greatest strongbold, publisbed a déclaration of independ^ ence, and raised troops comraanded bj tbe duke of Roban. After yarious attacks and sièges, Rocbelle was finallj taken bj Ricbelieu in 1628, after a beroic résistance of fifteen. montbs. Tbe fortifications of tbe citj were destroyed. Tbe fall of Rocjielle was speedilj foUowed hj tbat of ail Protestant strongbolds. Tbe peace of Alais, or tbe ''Edict of Peace/* signed tbe following jear, put an end to tbe wars of religion and to tbe political power of tbe Huguenots.
GO*— 4. qne 260. Almost ail tbese festivals are at présent abolisbed.
10. Axiftote, celebrated Qreek pbilosopber, preceptor of AleiCander tbe Great. During ail tbe Middle Ages be was coasidered an oracle by tbeologians and pbilosopbers.
15. CalTia, Jean, (1509-1564,) one of tbe most eminent ref ormers of tbe fifteentb century. Obliged to flee f rom France, be went to Geneva, wbere after rnany jears of struggle be ruled witb absolute supremacj. As a religions teacber, as a social legislator, and as a writer of tbe Frencb language, tben in process of formation, bis famé is second to none in bis âge.
22. SoUy, duc de, (1560-1641,) a man of great integrity and wisdom, adviser and minister to Henry IV. He remained a Protestant to bis deatb.
29. TAssemblée Hationale, or Constituante, wbicb abolisbed ail feudal rigbts, proclalmed tbe sovereignty of tbe people and
HOTBS loi
tlieir •hglihïhty %o M public posta, eqaslitj of «U men before tbe law, and libertj of conscience.
01* — 12. mûriers, tbe mulberrj-tree, wbicb was first introdoced in France in 1494.
62. — 19. LjoB is tbe second citj in France in popubition, commerce, and industry; its silks and velvets are renowned.
21. Beims, wbere Clovis (48S-51I), first king of France, was baptized \>j its bisbop. St. Rémi. In its noagnificent catbedral tbe kings of France were always crowned.
63* — 13. !• Languedoe, ancient province in tbe soutb of France, so named f rom the soutbern dialect or PrownçcU, because tbe Latin ?ioe was used tbereto mean ''yes."
17. Bretagne. Its earlier name^ Annarica, was cbanged to Brittany in conséquence of tbe immigration of tbe inbabitants of Great Britain in tbe fiftb and sixtb centuries.
