percer à jour: to see through things

24. Desoartes (1596-1650). celebrated French philosopher, phjsicist and geometer, regarded as the founder of modem pbilosophy.

26. Booisean, Jean-Jacques, (1712-1778,) a well-known writer and philosopher, whose books were influential in causing the French Révolution.

29. Orand Electeur. The Electors were German princes who had the right of electing the emperor ; the Elector of the province of Brandenburg was called the Great Elector ; at that time it was Friedrich Wilhelm.

73.— 12. EUzabeth (1558-1603), Queen of England, was an ardent supporter of the Protestants.