acte, m., act
acti-f, -ve, adj., active.
action, f., action.
activité, f., activity.
adieu, adv., good-by, farewell ;
dire — , to bid farewell.
administrer, v., to administer, to
manage.
admirable, adj.. admirable.
admiration, f.. admiration.
admirer, v., to admire.
adorer, v., to adore.
adosser: s' — , v.. to lean Cà,
against).
adresse, f.. address.
adresser, 7\, to address, to direct. adultère, )ii., adultery.
adversaire, m., adversary, op-
poiient.
affaire, /., affair; pi. business;
avoir — à, to hâve to do with.
affection, f., affection.
affiche, f., placard, poster.
affront, vi., affront, afin que, coiij.. in order that.
Afrique, /., Africa.
agacer, t',, to provoke, to irritate.
âge, m., âge, epoch.
agir, V., to act; il s'agit de, it is
a question of, it concerns.
agiter, z'., to agitate.
agréable, adj., agreeable, pleasant.
agrément, m., liking, ornament ;
arts d' — , (mère) accomplish-
nients.
ah, iiit., ah, oh, alas.
aider, z'., to aid.
aïeul, m., pi. aïeux, sire, fore-
fatlicr.
ailleurs, adz:, elsewhere; d' — ,
liesides.
aimable, adj., amiable, pleasant ;
que c'est — à vous, how nicc of
you.
aimer, z'.. to love, to like: —
mieux, to like better, to prefer.
ainsi, adz'., so, thus.
air, m., air; look, appearance; —
de famille, family resemblancc :
tu n'en as pas I' — bien sûr, you
do not look .so very sure ; prendre r — , to take an ai ring, aise, f., ease, comfort. pleasure;
à votre — , just as you please.
aise, adj., bien — , glad, happy,
plcased.
ajouter, 7'.. I0 add.
album, ni., album.
aller, v., to go, to go ahead ; s'en
— , to go away; tu vas voir.
you will see ; comment allezvous? how do you do? comme il y val how he plunges into it! il y va de sa ruine, it is a question of her ruin ; allons donc! impossible! you don't mean it !
alors, adv., then.
amant, ;;;., lover.
amasser, z'., to lay up, to accumu late.
ambassade, f., embassy.
ambitieu-x, -se, adj., ambitions.
ambition, f., ambition.
âme, f., soûl.
amende, /., fine : se mettre à 1' — , to atone f.ir.
amener, z:. to Icad.
ami, m., friend ; dear, sweethcart.
amie, f., friend.
amitié, f., friendship ; faites-nous r — , do us the favor.
amollir: s' — , v., to grow effeminate.
amour, ut., love; — propre, selflove, selfishness.
amoureu-x, -se, adj., in love; devenir — de, to fall in love with.
amuser, v., to amuse.
an, m., year.
ancien, -ne, adj.. old, former.
anéantir, v., to annihilate.
angoisse, f., angnish, pang.
année, /., year.
annoncer, v.. to announce.
apercevoir: s' — de, z'., to pcrceive. to notice.
apôtre, m., apostle ; faire le bon — , to play the angel of pcacc.
appartement, m., apartments. flat.
appartenir, z:, to belong; il m'appartient, it is my business.
appeler, 7'.. to call, to appeal to; s' — , to 1)0 called.
appointement, m., salary.
IIO
apporter, v., to bring.
apprendre, v., to learn, to teach, to inform.
approcher: s' — de, v., to approach.
approuver, v., to approve of.
appui, )ii., support.
après, prep., adv., after ; — ? what else? d' — , according to ; — toi, mon bon! l'il cède the palm to you, my dear fellow.
après-midi, f.j afternoon.
arabe, )ii., Arab horse (the most highly prized breed of horses in Europe) ; usurer (fam.).
arbre, m., tree; — à fruit, fruittree.
arche, f., ark.
argent, m., silver, money.
arme, /., weapon, arm.
armée, f.. army.
arquebuse, f., arquebuse; coup d' — , arquebuse shot.
arracher, v., to tear away (à, f rriin ) .
arranger, v., to arrange, to settle ; s' — , to be settled peaceably.
arrêt, m., decree.
arrêter, v., to stop, to résolve; s' — , lo stop; mon plan est arrêté, my mind is made up.
arrière-pensée, f., mental réservation, secret thought, afterthought.
arriver, z:. to arrive, to succeed ; encore un d'arrivé, another one who bas succeeded.
arrondir, v., to round out.
arrondissement, m., circuit, disart, ;;(.. art. [trict.
artiste, m., artist.
aspirer, t:, to aspire, to strive Cà after).
assaut, m., assault, attack: livrer un — , to make an attack.
asseoir: s' — , v., to sit down.
assez, adv., enough, rather, quite.
assiette, f., plate, assis, -s, pple. of asseoir, sittiiig,
seated.
assister, v., to assist, to be présent, associé, m., associate, partner.
assurer, v., to assure ; s' — de, to
ascertain.
astronomie, f., astronomy.
attacher, z-., to attach.
atteindre, z:, to attain. to reach.
atteler, v., to put the horses to.
attendant: en — , adv., in the
meantime.
attendre: s' — à, v., to wait for,
to expect; attends donc! just
wait !
attention, f., attention, attirer, v., to attract, to lure, to
invite.
attrait, m., attraction.
attraper, v., to get, to catch, attribuer, v., to attribute.
au, contraction of à le.
aucun, -e, adj., any; zcith ne, not
any, no.
aujourd'hui, adv., to-day.
aumône, /., alms ; faire 1' — , to
give alms.
auner, v., to measure with a yardstick.
auprès de, prep., near, by the side
of.
aussi, adv.. also, hence; — ...
que, just as . . . as.
autant, adv., as much, so much;
d' — moins, al! the less.
autoriser: s' — de, v., to take
power from.
autour de, prep., around, about.
autre adj.. other; c'est — chose,
that's différent, that's another
thing.
autrefois, adi:, formerly.
avance, /'., advance; d' — , in advance.
avancer, i:, to advance; bien avancé, nicely off.
avant, l^rep., before ; — de partir, bcfore leaving.
avec, pyep., with.
avenir, m., future.
aventure, /'., adventure.
aventureu-x, -se, adj., adventurous.
avertir, v., to warn, to inform.
aveugle, adj., blind.
avis, m., opinion.
avoir, v., to bave, to get ; qu'astu donc? wbat is tbe matter with you, pray? il n'a que vingt ans, he is but twenty years old.
avoué, m., lawyer.
avouer, v., to confess, to ovvn.
avril, m., April.
bah, int., oh well, pshaw.
bâiller, v., to yawn.
baiser, v., to kiss.
baisser, v., to cast down.
bamboche, f., spree, fun.
bande, f., bch, strip; band, gang; — noire, a real estate company that made a specialty of buying up and parceling out large estâtes.
bandit, m., bandit, thief, robber.
banque, /., bank.
banquier, m., banker.
barbue, /., sole (a sea fish).
baron, m., baron.
barque, f., boat, barge.
barreau, m., bar (law).
barrer, v., to bar.
bas, -se, adj., low. base; adv., in a low voice.
bataille, f., battle.
batelier, m., boatman.
bâtir, V., to build.
battre, v., to beat ; se — , to fight a duel.
Baucis, sec Philémon.
Bayonne, pr. n., city in southern France.
beau, bel, -le, adj.. beautiful, fine ; avoir — faire qc, to do something in vain ; tu as — dire, say what you will.
beaucoup, adv., much, many, very, greatly.
beau-père, ;«., father-in-law.
bénédiction, /"., blessing.
besogne, f., work, business.
besoin, m., want, need, necessity ; avoir — de, to need.
bête, f., stupid, idiot.
bêtement, adv., stupidly, obstinately.
bêtise, f., stupidity, utter folly.
betterave, /., beet.
bien, adv., well ; very ; very much, very many ; c'est — , that's good ; il y est — , isn't he there ? ça te fera du — , that'll do you good.
bienfaisance, f.. benefit, charity; bureau des — s, charitable association.
bientôt, adv., soon ; à — , goodby for a little while.
bienvenu, -e, adj.. welcome.
bilan, m., balance.
billet, m., promissory note.
blague, f., bladder; disrespectful niockery at things which one inwardly does, or should, respect ; défoncer les — s, to prick tlie bubbles, to make an end of ail empty mockery.
blâmer, t.. to blâme.
blan-c, -che, adj., white.
blesser, î., to hurt.
bleu, -e, adj., blue.
bœuf, m., beef.
bohémien, -ne, adj., Bohemian.
boire, v., to drink.
bois, m., wood, forest; Bois (de
Boulogne), a charming park
west of Paris, thc most popular
place for pleasure walks. rides.
and drives of the French capital.
bon, -ne, adj., good (à, for) ; mon
— , my dear fellovv ; à quoi — ?
what is the use? le — temps,
the good old times.
bondir, v., to jump up. to leap
up.
bonheur, m., happiness.
bonhomie, /., good nature, sim-
plicity.
bonhomme, m., old fellow (not
" good man," which is homme
de bien) ; le — Poirier, old
Poirier; son — de père, her
good old father.
bonjour, adv., good morning,
good day; bien le — , a very
good day.
bonsoir, adv., good evening.
bonté, /., kindness.
bord, m., shore; class, set.
bouder, z\. to be (remain) sulky
with.
bouffée, /., whiff, breeze; la
bonne — de printemps! what a
glorious spring breeze!
bouger, v., to Inidge. to stir.
boule, f., bail; être en — , to be
rolled up like a hedgehog
showing his bristles.
bouleverser, v., to upset, trouble,
agitate.
Bourdonnais: rue des — , pr. n..
Bourdonnais Street, the headquarters of wealthy merchants.
bourgeois, m., man of the middle class ; cf. Introd., § 6, n. i.
bourgeois, -e, adj., philistine.
bourse, /.. purse.
bout, m., end.
bouteille, /'.. bottle.
boutique, f.. shop.
braiser, v., to stew.
bras, m., arm.
brave, adj.. brave, honest, noble; étoile des — s (étoile de l'honneur), order of the Légion of Honor, founded in 1802, by Napoléon I., and still conferred by the président for eminent service to the State.
br-ef, -ève, adj., brief; adv., in brief.
bribes, pi. scant remnants.
bride, /., hridle ; laisser la — sur le cou à qq., to give one full rein. ^
brigadier, m., cavalry corporal.
brigand, m., brigand, robber.
brigandage, m., robbery.
briser, v.. to break, to break off.
bruit, m., noise.
briller, v., to burn ; se — la cervelle, to blow out one's brains.
brutal, -e, adj., brutal, coarse, rude.
buissonière, adj.: faire l'école — , to play truant, to fritter away one's time.
bureau, m., office.
c' = ce.
ça, fam. for cela; contemptuous
when used of a person (" that
thing").
I çà, int., now ; ah — ! well, now!
îndeed ! I déclare ! I say ! Before I forget it . . .
cacher, z:, to conceal.
cachet, m., seal.
cadeau, m., présent.
cadet, -te, adj., younger ; le — de mes soucis, my least care.
café, ;;;., café.
câliner, z:, to fondie, to cajole.
câlinerie, /., fondness, cajoling.
calme, adj., calm.
calmer, v., to calm.
calomnier, v., to slander.
camarade, m., comrade, chum.
campagnard, m., rustic, countryman.
canapé, m., sofa.
canon, m., cannon; coup de — cannon shot.
capital, m., capital.
Capoue, pr. n., Capua, a city in Campania where Hannibal wintered his soldiers after the victory of Cannae (216 b.c.), and where his troops are said to hâve been made effeminate by the life in idleness and luxury.
câpre, f., caper.
car, conj., for.
caractère, m., character.
carnaval, m., carnival, the time between Epiphany (Jan. 6th) and Ash-Wednesday, devoted to frolic and boisterous merrymaking(Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras).
carpe, /., carp.
carrière, f., career.
cas, m., case; je n'en fais pas de — , I do not care about it.
casaque, f., military cloak.
cassandre, m., old fool, originally a character of the Italian comedy.
casser, v., to break.
catégorie, /., category (the différent classes whose members were eligible to peerage).
catillard, m., large winter pear for cooking.
ce, cet, cette, pr., this, that; cet homme-ci, this man, cet homme-là, that man ; ce qui, what (subject) ; ce que, what (object).
ceci, pr., this.
cela, pr., that; c'est — ! that's it ! that's right ! there we are !
célébrer, f., to celebrate.
celui, celle, pi. ceux, celles, pr., this one, that one, the one, thèse, those. {For the distinction betzveen celui-ci and celuilà, cf. ce).
cent, card., a hundred; pour — , per cent.
cependant, adv., however.
cercle, m., circle.
certain, -e, adj., certain.
certes, adv., certainly.
certitude, /., certainty.
cervelle, /., brain.
cessation, /., cessation.
cesser, v., to cease.
cet, -te, sec ce.
ceux, sce celui.
chacun, -e, pr., each.
chagrin, m., grief.
chaîne, /.. chain.
chair, f., flesh ; — de poule, gooseflcsh.
chaise, /., chair.
châle, m., shawl.
chambre, /., room ; femme de —, chambennaid.
champ, m., field.
champion, m., champion.
chance, f.. chance; avoir de la — to be lucky.
changer, ;■.. to change ; — de nom, change names.
chanter, v.. to sing.
chapeau, m., bat.
chapitre, m., chapter, meeting of monks {Latin capitulum) ; voix au — , a vote, something to say in the matter.
chaque, adj., each.
charbonnier, m., charcoal-burner ; — est maître chez soi, a man's house is his castle.
charité, /., charity.
charmant, -e, adj., charming.
charme, f., charm.
chasser, z:, to chase away.
chasseur, m., hunter; (military) scouting cavalry, mounted infant ry.
château, m., castle.
châtelaine, /., lady of a manor or castle.
chat-huant, m., owl.
chauffer, v., to heat.
chaumière, f., hut. cottage.
chauvinisme, m., chauvinism.
jingoism (named after Nicolas Chauvin of Rochefort, a vétéran of the army of Napoléon I. ; name spread through the popular vaudeville La Cocarde tricolore (1831. by the Brothers Cogniard). and through Charlet's drawings of French military life where Chauvin appears like " Tommy Atkins").
chemin, m., way, path; en — , about to ; en bon — , well under way.
cheminée, f., fireplace.
chenet, m., andiron, firedog.
ch-er, -ère, adj., dear.
chercher, v., to seek, look for; aller (venir) — , to go (corne) for, to go (come) to get.
cheval, ;».. horse.
chevaleresque, adj., chivalrous.
cheveu, )ii., hair.
chez, />/v/'., with, at the house of ;
je reste — moi, 1 remain at
home ; je vais — moi, I am
going home, to my room.
chien, ut., dog.
chiffon, m., rag.
chiffre, m., figure, chinois, m., Chinese.
choisir, v., to choose.
choix, tu., choice.
chose, f., thing, matter ; quelque
— , something.
ci, adz:, that makes (comm.) ;
see also ce, celui, ciel, m., pi. cieux, heaven, sky.
ci-gît, hère lies (customary be-
ginning of epitaphs).
cinq, card.. five.
cinquante, card.. fifty.
clair, -e, adj., clear.
clerc, m., clerk, scholar; pas de
— , blunder.
Clichy, pr. n., debtors' prison (in
the rue de Clichy).
code, m., code.
cœur, m., heart. courage; ça nous
gonfle diablement le — , that
makes us deucedly courageous;
blesser au — , to hurt to the
quick ; tout à vous de — , most
cordially yours.
coffre-fort, m., safe.
Cogne, pr. n.; cf. cogner, v., to
knock in, to drive in.
coin, m., corner ; au — du feu, by
the fircside of one's home. Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 1619-1683.
eminent French statesman.
minister of finances under
Louis XIV.
colère, f., anger.
collet, m., collar.
colonel, ;;;., colonel.
combien, adz'., how niuch.
comédie, /., comedy.
comète, /'., cornet.
comme, cunj., how, like, as.
commencer, z'., to commence, to begin.
comment, coiij., how.
commerce, m., commerce.
commercial, -e, adj., commercial.
commis-marchand, m., clerk.
commission, /"., commission.
commun, -e, adj.. common ; mettre en — , to put together ; du — , of the lowest class, low, vulgar.
compl-et, -ète, adj., complète; au — , in full, in total.
compliment, m., compliment.
composer, 7'., to compose, compound ; intérêt composé, compoimd interest.
comprendre, z:, to comprehend, to understand.
compte, îu., account.
compter, z:, to coimt, to figure, to calculate, to count upon, to intend.
comte, m., count.
comtesse, /., countess, wife of a count.
concession, f., concession.
concevoir, z'., to conceive, to understand.
concilier, z:. to conciliatc, to unité.
concordat, m., agreement (between the pope and some temporal sovereign).
condamnation, f., condemnation ; passer — , to confess one's self in tht' wrong.
condamner, z:. to condemn.
condescendance, /"., condescension.
conduire, z:. to conduct. to lead.
confiance, f., confidence, trust.
confidence, f., secret, disclosure.
confier, v., to confide ; se — à, to
place one's trust in.
confondre, v., to confound ; to
confuse.
conforme, adj., conforming, be-
fitling.
confus, -e, adj.. confused (de,
with).
congé, m., furlough ; prendre — ,
to take leave.
connaissance, /., consciousness.
connaître, z'., to know, to be (get)
acquainted with.
conquête, f., conquest.
consacrer, z.'., to consecratc.
conscience, /., conscience.
conseil, m., counsel, council ; —
d'État, board of privy' coun-
sellors.
conseiller, v., to advise.
consentement, m., consent.
consentir, z:, to consent.
conséquent, -e, adj., conséquent;
par — , consequently.
considération, f., considération.
considérer, z'., to consider.
consommation, f., consumption.
Constantinople, f>r. n., Constan-
tinoplc.
Constitutionnel, m., title of a
newspaper, the chief organ of
the conservative party (in 1846
under the editorship ofThiers).
consulter, v.. to consult.
contenir, ta, to contai n, to accom-
modate.
content, -e,flrf/.,satisfied, plcased.
contentement, m., satisfaction, contenter: se — , v., to be satis-
fied (de, with).
conter, v., to tell, to relate, contester, z'.. to contest, to deny.
continuer, 7'., lo continue.
contrainte, /., compulsion.
ii6
contraire, adj.. contrary ; au — ,
on the contrary.
contrarier, v., to contradict, to oppose.
contrat, m., marriage contract.
contre, prcp., against.
contribution, /., tax.
convenir, v., to agrée (de, to admit ; à, to suit, to become).
conversation, f., conversation, conviction, f., conviction.
copie, f., copy ; à la — , at the
printer's.
coq, m., cock. rooster ; être
comme un — en pâte, to live
in clover. coquetterie, f.^ coquetry.
coquin, »/.. rascal, scoundrel.
corbeille: — de noce, f., wedding
présents.
cordon, m., cord, string.
corps, m., body, corps, company.
corriger, v., to reform.
Corvisart, Jean-Nicolas, — Des-
marets, 1 755-1821. body-physi-
cian of Xapoleon I.
côté, m., side; à — (de), beside;
de l'autre — , on the other side.
cou, m., neck.
coucher: se — , v.. to go to bed.
coulant, -e, adj., obhging.
couleur, f., color.
coup, m., blow, shot, stroke,
thrust : tout à — , suddenly.
coupable, adj.. guilty.
coupé, m., coupé, four-wheeled
closed carriage with inside
seats for tvvo persons.
couper, V., to eut; — en quatre,
to eut in four pièces, couplet, m., couplet.
coupon, m., coupon; — de rentes,
government annuity bond.
cour, f., court, courtship; faire la
• — à. to pay attentions to.
courage, m., courage.
courant, m., current; mettre au
— , to inform.
courir, x., to run, to hasten; faire
— , to keep race horses.
couronne, /'., crown.
cousin, m., cousin.
couteau, m., knife; à — x tirés,
with daggers drawn, in mortal
enmity.
coûter, V.. lO cost; — cher, to
cost dearly.
couvert, m., cover.
! couvrir, v., to cover.
craindre, v.. to fear.
créance, /., debt, money owing, ' créancier, m., créditer.
! créer, v., to créa te.
I crever, v., to burst.
crier, v., to cry, to call out.
crime, m., crime; le grand — !
how shocking !
crocodile, m., crocodile, croire, 7'., to believe.
croisade, /.. crusade.
croiser: se — avec, v., to pass on
the way.
croix, f., cross.
croustade, f., crusted tart.
cruel, -le, adj., cruel; il m'en fait
voir de — les, he makes me
see horrible things. he worries
the life out of me.
cuisinier, m., cook. chef, culinary
artist.
cuisinière, f.. cook. cultiver, î'.. to cultivate.
cynisme, m., cynicism.
d' = de.
daigner, v., to deign, to condescend.
dame, /"., lady.
dame! itit. (Latin domina, Our Lady; cf. Englisli tnarry! from Mary), exclamation with a variety of meanings, ranging from IVIiy! to Confound it!
Dandin: George — , pr. n., see Introd., § 6, note 2.
danger, m., danger.
dans, prcp., in, within.
danser, v., to dance.
davantage, adv., more.
de, prep., of, from; some. any; with infinitive, to.
débarasser, v., to free, to rid.
débauche, f., revelry.
débauché, m., débauchée, rake.
débiteur, m., debtor.
déboursé, m., disbursement.
debout, adv., standing ; se tenir — , to keep standing, to stand erect.
décatir, v., to sponge (woolen cloth).
déchirer, v., to tear up.
décider, v., to décide ; décidément, adv., decidedly.
déclarer, v., to déclare.
décocher, v., to discharge, to Ict fly.
décompter, v., to reckon off ; j'ai compté sans cela, il me faut — , I hâve figured without that, now I must revise my figures.
décor, m., décoration, scenery.
découverte, f., discovery.
découvrir, v., to discovcr.
décrasser, v., to cleanse (said of woolen articles).
dédain, ;»., disdain. scorn.
dédommager, v., to indemnify.
défaut, m., fault, default : à — de, in default of.
défendre, v., to défend, to forbid.
défoncer, v., to prick.
défrayer, v., to defray.
dégager, v., to redeem.
dégoûter, v.. to disgust.
déguiser, v., to disguise (en, as).
dehors, adv., outside ; get out !
déjà, adi\, already.
déjeuner, ni., breakfast ; v., to breakfast.
délicat, -e, adj., délicate.
délicatesse, /., delicacy; il te prend sur le tard des — s exquises, you are acquiring an exquisite feeling for delicacy in your old days.
délice, ;;;., delight.
délicieu-x, -se, adj., splendid.
délustrer, v., to take off the luster of.
demain, adv., to-morrow.
demander, v., to ask, to question, to beg, to request, to demand (qc. à qq., somebody for something) ; faire — , to send for.
demeurer, v., to dwell, to stay.
demi, -e, adj.. half; à — voix, lialf-loud.
démission, /., résignation ; donner sa — , to tender one's résignation.
denier, m., small coin, penny; au — deux, one penny for two, at fifty per cent (obsolète).
Denis: Monsieur et Madame — , title of a popular song.
dépêcher, v., to dispatch; se — , to make haste.
dépenser, v.. to spend.
déplaire, v.. to displease.
déplorer, v.. to déplore.
depuis, adv., prcp., since.
député, m., dcputy.
derni-er, -ère, «r^/., la st. prcvious; du — bourgeois, utterly philistine; le — des — s, the lowest of the low.
ii8
dérouler, z:, lo unroll, to undo.
derrière, prcp., behind.
des, contraction of de les.
désaccord, /;;., discord.
désagrément, m., disagreeableness.
désavouer, v., to disavow, to di--own.
descendre, v., to descend.
déserter, v., to désert.
désespoir, m., despair.
déshériter, v., to disinherit.
déshonorer, v., to dishonor.
désir, m., désire, wish.
désirer, v., to désire.
désœuvrement, m., idleness.
despotisme, m., despotism.
dessert, ni., dessert.
destinée, /., destiny, fate.
détachement, m., des petits intérêts, indifférence to petty interests.
détester, v., to detest.
détromper, v., to disillusion.
dette, f., debt.
deux, card., two ; tous les — , both.
deuxième, ord., second.
devant, prep., before; adv., beforehand.
devenir, v., to become.
deviner, v., to predict, to guess.
dévoiler, v., to disclose, to unravel.
devoir, m., duty ; se mettre en — , to feel under moral obligation.
devoir, v., to owe, to be indebted for, to hâve to, to be obliged ; je le dois, I must : il ne doit pas avoir de pareilles bontés pour eux, he is certainly not so kind to them ; tu dois comprendre cela, you surely iinderstand that ; tu dois avoir lu ça, you hâve read that. I am sure; tu as dû les connaître, you must
certainly hâve known them ; elle doit chanter après dîner, she will of course sing after dinner; il n'a pas dû me condamner, he cannot hâve condemned me; cela devait arriver, that was sure to come.
dévorer, v., to devour.
dévouement, m., dévotion.
diable, m., devil ; int. — : que — !
the deuce ! by Jove ! voilà le — , there's the deuce of it.
diablement, adv., deucedly.
diantre, int., the deuce.
Dieu, m., God.
différence, f., différence.
difficile, adj.. difficult, hard to please, particular.
difficulté, /., difficulty.
digestion, f., digestion; avoir la — gaie, to be in good humor after dinner.
digne, adj., worthy.
dinde, f., turkey (aux marrons, stuffed with'chestnuts).
dîner, m., dinner.
dîner, v., to dine.
diplomatique, adj., diplomatie.
dire, v., to say; on dirait, one might think ; comme qui dirait, just about; qu'est-ce à — ?
what does that mean? il n'y a pas à — , there is no doubt; il va sans — , of course.
direct, -e, adj., direct.
diriger, v., to direct.
discipline, f.. discipline.
discrétion, f., discrétion; je me mets à votre — , I submit entirely to your will.
discussion, f., discussion.
discuter, v., to discuss.
disposer, t., to dispose.
disposition, f., disposition, temper.
distinction, f., distinction.
distraction, f., distraction, diversion.
dix, card., ten.
dix-huit, card., eighteen.
dizaine, /., about ten.
doigt, m., finger.
domestique, m., servant.
domestique, adj., domeslic.
donc, adv., thon, just, pray ; je suis heureux! ... et moi ^! I am happy ! . . . and I am still more so !
donner, v., to give, to let hâve ; — sur, to look into, to overlook.
dont, rcl, whose, of whom, of which.
dorloter, v., to fondle.
dos, m., back ; faire le gros — , to round (set up) one's back (like a cat).
dot, f., dovi^ry.
doubler, v., to double.
douceur, f., sweetness, delight.
douleur, /., grief, pain.
doute, f., doubt.
douter, v., to doubt; se — de, to imagine.
dou-x, -ce, adj., sweet, gentlc.
douze, card., twelvc.
drap, m., cloth, shcct ; te voilà dans de beaux —s! there you are in a nice position (" fix ") !
drapeau, m., flag.
droit, m., right.
droit, -e, adj., right.
drôle, m., rogue, rascal, scamp.
drôle, adj.. funny.
du, contraction of de le.
duc, m., duke.
Ducaillou, pr. n.. " Flint."
duel, m., duel.
dur, -e, adj., hard, burdcnsorne.
durer, v., lo las t.
eau, f., water.
ébaubi, -e, adj., dazed, dazzled
(de, by) (fani.). éblouir, v., to dazzle.
échapper, v., to escape (à, from).
éclabousser, v., to défile, to sully,
to taint.
éclairer, v., to enlighten.
éclat, m., outburst.
éclater, v., to burst out (de rire,
laughing).
éclipser, v., to éclipse, école, f., school.
économie, f., economy. saving;
faire des — s, to economize.
écorcher, z:, to flay, to skin.
écouter, v., to listen to; — monsieur! listen to you 1 s' — , to
consult one's own inspirations, écrire, v., to write.
écriteau, m., placard " To let." écriture, f., handwriting.
écu, ;;;., coin stamped with a
shield, usually a coin of three
francs, dollar.
écurie, f., stable.
éducation, f., éducation, effet, m., effect; en — , indeed.
égal, -e, adj., equal ; cela m'est — ,
that's ail the same to me.
égarement, m., mistake, error.
égarer, z'., to mislead; s' — , to
go astray.
égoïsme, m., selfishncss.
égoïste, »/., egoist, sclfish person.
égratigner, 7'., to scralch.
égratignure, f.. scratch, slight eh bien! /;//., will ! [wound.
élégance, [.. élégance. élégant, -e, adj., cicgant.
élévation, f., élévation.
elle, /T., sbe. hcr, il; - s, they,
theni ; même, herself, itself.
embarras, m., embarrassment, trouble, disturbance.
embrasser, z'., to embrace, to kiss.
emmener, z-., to take away.
empailler, v., to stuff.
emparer: s' — de, v., to seize, to take hold of.
empêcher, 7., to prevent.
emplacement, ni., site.
emploi, m., use, true use, employment.
emporter, v., to take away, to carry ; 1' — , to gain a victory.
empresser: s' — , v., to hasten.
emprunter, z'., to borrow.
emprunteur, m., borrower.
en, prep., in ; — Afrique, in, to Africa; substitute for thc geiiitive of the Personal pronoun, of him, of her, of it, of them.
encore, adv., again, still, yet ; pas — , not yet. not even ; — une lettre? another letter?
encourager, v., to encourage.
endroit, m., place.
enfance, f., childhood.
enfant, m., f., child, boy, girl.
enfer, m., hell.
enfermer, v., to enclose.
enfin, adv., at last, in short.
engagement, m., engagement, obligation.
engager, v., to engage, to pledge ; s' — , to agrée, to enlist.
enjoindre, v., to enjoin (à, upon).
enlever, t'.. to take away, to lift, to raise.
ennemi, m., enemy.
ennui, m., weariness. annoyance.
ennuyer, v., to annoy, to jveary; il m'ennuie, " he makes me tired " ; s' — , to feel tired, bored, to bave a tedious time of it.
énorme, adj., enormous.
enraciner, v., to root.
enrager, v., to get mad.
ensemble, adv., together.
ensuite, adv., afterwards.
entendre, v., to hear, to understand, to expect.
enterrement, m., funeral.
entêtement, m., stubbornness.
enthousiasme, ;»., enthusiasm.
enti-er, -ère, adj., entire ; tout — , entirely.
entraîner, v., to carry away.
entre, prcp., between.
entrée, f., entry; — s, usuaJ tcrm for first course after the soup.
entrer, v., to enter.
entretien, m., entertainment, conversation, discourse.
envers, m., wrong side; se mettre la cervelle à 1' — , to rack one's brains.
envers, prep., towards.
envie, f., envy, désire; porter — à, to envy.
environ, adv., approximately.
envoyer, v., to send.
épanchement, m., effusion.
épaule, /., shoulder; lever les — s, to shrug one's shoulders.
épée, /., sword ; coup d' — , swordstroke ; tirer bien 1' — , to be a good swordsman ; se passer son — au travers du corps, to run one's sword through bis body.
éperdu, -e, adj., passionate, desperate.
épiderme, m., skin; avoir 1' — délicat, to be sensitive.
épinard, m., spinach.
épingle, /., pin ; coup d' — , pinprick.
épouser, v., to marry.
éprouver, v.. to try.
épuiser, v., to exhaust.
erreur, f., error, mistake.
escalier, m., stairway ; — de service, servants' stairway.
escient, m., knowledgc; à bon — , wittingly.
esclave, ;»., slave.
espalier, m., trellis.
espèce, /., species, kind, specie ; /»/. cash.
espérance, f., hope.
espérer, v., to hope.
esprit, m., spirit, wit; faire de 1' — , to play the wit ; avoir de 1' — , to be witty; bel — , culture, refinement.
essayer, v., to try.
essentiel, -le, adj., essential.
estime, f., respect ; — propre, self-respect.
et, conj., and.
établir, z'., to establish.
étage, m., story.
état, m., State, condition ; en — , in (good) condition, able ; État, State as a political unit ; homme d' — , statesman.
été, ;».. summer.
éternel, -le, adj., eternal, everlasting.
éternité, /., eternity.
étoffer, V., to stuff.
étoile, f., star; — des braves, sce brave.
étonner, v., to astonish ; s' — de, to be surprised at.
étourderie, f., hcedless act.
étourdi-, -e, adj.. inconsiderate, thnughtless, reckless.
étourneau, m., starling, lightminded, inconsiderate youth.
étrange, adj., strange.
étrang-er, m., -ère, /., stranger.
être, m., créature.
être, V., to be ; with past participle, to hâve ; soit, be it so, conceded ; il est de la famille,
he belongs to the family; je suis à eux, I am at their disposai ; à qui est l'hôtel? whose is the house? êtes-vous d'enterrement? hâve y ou just returned from a funeral ? il a été se plaindre ailleurs, he bas gone elsewhere to complain ifam.) ; regarde oii j'en suis, see what I bave corne to ; il est une expiation, there is an expiation.
étroit, -e, adj., narrow, intimate.
étudier, v., to study.
eux, pr.. they, them.
évêque, m., bishop.
évident, -e, adj., évident.
exaspérer, v., to exasperate.
exaucer, v., to harken to, to grant.
excellent, -e, adj., excellent.
excursion, /., excursion.
excuse, f., excuse, apology; faire des — s, to apologize.
excuser, v., to excuse.
exécuter, v., to carry out, to exécute ; s' — , to put up with the inévitable.
exécution, f.. exécution.
exemple, m., example, mode! ; par — , for instance; par — ! upon my honor ! indeed !
exiger, v., to demand, to exact.
existence, f.. existence.
expérience, f.. expérience.
expiation, /"., expiation, atonemcnt.
explication, f., explanation.
expliquer, v., to explain.
exprimer, v., to express.
expulser, v.. to expel.
exquis, -e, adj., exquisite.
exterminer, v., to exterminate.
extrême, m. and adj., extrême.
face, f., face.
fâché, -e, adj., sorry, angry.
fâcher: se — , v., to get angry (de, at, with).
facile, adj., easy.
façon, /., fashion.
faible, adj., feeble, weak (pour, towards).
faiblesse, f., weakness.
faillir, v., to be wanting; il s'en faut d'une bagatelle, it lacks a mère trifle.
faim, /.. hunger.
fainéant, m., good-for-nothing.
faire, :■., to do, to make, to cause ; qu'est-ce que cela vous fait?
what does it matter to j'ou ?
comme te voilà fait! what a get-up ! je me suis fait soldat, I hâve become a soldier; je vous ferai — un tableau, I shall hâve a picture made for you ; il fait beau, it is nice ; it is fine weather.
faisan, m., pheasant.
fait, m., fact ; au — , indeed ; tout à — , entirely; si fait, yes. indeed.
falloir, V., to be necessary; il me faut toute son affection, I need his whole affection.
familiarité, f.. familiarity.
famil,i-er, -ère, adj., familiar.
famille, f., family.
fantaisie, f.. fancy.
faquin, ;;;., scoundrel, prig.
farceur, m., clown.
farcir, v., to stuff.
farouche, adj., wild.
fatiguer, v.. to fatigue, to weary.
faubourg, m., faubourg.
faute, /'.. fault.
fauteuil, m., armchair.
fau-x, -sse, adj., false.
feindre, v., to feign.
femme, /., woman ; wife.
fenêtre, /., window.
féodalité, f., feudalism.
ferré, -e, adj., well posted.
fesse-mathieu, m., usurer {from
fesser, to spank).
fête, f., holiday, feast ; faire — à,
to entertain royally.
feu, m., fire; j'en mettrais la
main au — , I should stake my
hfe on it.
feuillage, m., foliage.
février, m., February.
fi! int., fie ! shame !
fiacre, m., cab ; place de — s, cab-
stand.
fichtre! int., the deuce !
fidèle, adj., faithful.
fidélité, /.. faithfulness, con-
stancy.
fi-er, -ère, adj., proud.
fièvre, f., fever.
fiévreu-x, -se, adj., feverish.
fifille, f., little girl.
figurer, v., to figure, to calculate.
filet, m., fillet.
fille, f., daughter, girl.
filleule, /., god-daughter.
fils, m., son.
fin, -e, adj., fine, smart.
final, -e, adj., final, fini, -e, adj., finished. perfect,
with body and soûl.
finir, v., to end. to finish ; il finira
par écrire, he will finally write ;
on finirait par le croire, one
might eventually believe it.
fiole, f., phial. bottle.
flairer, z/., to smell.
flanelle, f., flannel.
flaque, f., small pool, flatter, r.. to flatter. [faith.
foi, f., faith ; ma — , upon my
foie, ;»., H ver.
fois, /., tinie ; une bonne — , oncefor ail ; à la — , at the samc
time.
folie, f., folly.
fond, m., ground, background ; à
— , thoroughly.
fonds, ;;;., funds.
Fontenoy, /t. h., a village in Bcl-
gium, near Tournay, a few
miles from the French frontier,
formerly belonging to Austria ;
victory of the French, 1745.
over the Austrians and Dutch.
force, adv., a great deal, a grcat
many.
forcer, v., to force.
forfanterie, f., bragging.
forge, f., forge ; pi. iron works.
forme, /., form.
fors (obsolète for hors), frep.,
except.
fort, -e, adj., strong; adv., much,
very ; c'est trop — , that is tno
much.
fortune, f.. fortune.
fou, m., fool.
fou, fol, -le, adj., foolish, crazy,
bcside one's self, fourcher, 7:. to fork; la langue
m'a fourché, I hâve made a slip
of the tongue.
fournir, v., to furnish.
fournisseur, m., purveyor, supplier.
fourrer, i'., to cram. to thrust, to
poke ; être fourré chez, " to
hang around." frais, />/., expenses ; à peu de — ,
cheap, cheaply.
franc, m., franc (about 20 cents).
fran-c, -che, adj.. frank, open,
sincère.
France, f., France.
franchise, /., frankness.
François, pr. n., Francis.
frapper, v., to strike, to slap.
fredonner, v., to hum.
fricandeau, m., lardcd vcal.
frivole, adj., frivolous.
froid, ;;;., cold.
froid, -e, (/(//., cold.
froisser, i\, to bruise, to hurt, to
rumple.
fromage, m., cheese.
front, m., brow, forehead.
frotter: se — à, v., to rub against,
to get into contact with.
fruit, m., fruit.
fumée, f., smoke.
funeste, adj., fatal, f urieu-x, -se, adj., furious, terrible, futile, adj., foolish, shallow-
brained.
gagner, v., to gain, to win (qc. à
qq., somcthing from some one).
gai, -e, adj., gay.
gaieté, /., gayety, cheerfulness; —
de cœur, sheer wantonness.
galant, -e, adj., noble, honorable,
gracions, graceful.
galon, m., stripe, chevron.
ganache, f.. lower jaw of a horse,
blockhcad.
gant, m., glovc; aller comme un
— , to fit like a glove.
garantie, f., sccurity.
garçon, ;»., boy, young.stcr, bach-
clor.
garde, f., care.
garder, v., to guard, to keep ; Dieu
m'en garde! Goodness no!
garnement, ;».. worthless fellow ;
ton — de mari, that good-for-
nnthing husband of yours.
garnir, f., to ornament, to fill.
gâter, V , to spoil.
gauche, adj., left, awkward, shy.
gendre, m., son-in-law.
gêner, î'., to embarrass, to mo-
lest ; gênant, in the way.
généreu-x, -se, ad}., gênerons, générosité, f., generosity.
genou, m., knee.
gens, pL. people.
gentil, -le, adj., nice. amiable, gentilhomme, m., nobleman.
gentilhommerie, /., nobility ; il
mourra dans la — finale, he
will live and die the saine ri-
diculous nobleman.
gentiment, adv., gracefully, nice-
ly.
géronte, m., weak old man, old weakling; type in the French comedy of the seventeenth century.
gésir, V., to lie {cf. ci-gît).
girouette, /., weathercock, vane ; il faut graisser la — avant de souffler dessus, you must grease the weathercock before blowing upon it (to bring it into the desired position).
Gobseck, pr. n., usurer (title, and name of the chief character. of one of Balzac's novels, Scènes de la vie privée); trsL: Shvlock.
Godard, pr. n.
godelureau, m., coxcomb. fop.
gonfler, v., to swell.
gouailler, v., to ridicule.
goût, ;;;., taste.
gouvernail, m., rudder, helm.
gouvernement, m., government.
gouverner, v., to govern, to manage.
grâce, f.. grâce, gracefulness, élégance: de — ! for goodness' sake ! — à, thanks to ; mauvaise
— , unfriendliness, ingratitude;
fais-nous — de, let us alone
with.
gracieu-x, -se, adj., graceful.
graisser, v., to grease.
grand, -e, adj., great, grand.
grand-père, m., grandfather.
gras, -se, adj., fat; soupe — se,
méat soup, bouillon.
gratification, /., reward.
grave, adj., grave, serions.
gravure, /., engraving.
grelot, m., bell ; attacher le — , to
bell the cat.
grimaud, m., poor scholar, urchin,
brat. " freshie." grippe-sou, m., pinch-penny.
gros, -se, adj., big, round, bad.
Groschenet, pr. n., " Big-andi-
ron," a plebeian name.
Gros- Jean, m., commoner.
guère: ne... — , adv., not much,
hardly.
guérir, V., to cure, guerre, f., war.
gueux, m., beggar; mon — de
gendre, that wretched son-inlaw of mine.
guise, f., wise, fashion.
habileté, f., skill.
habiller, v., to dress.
habit, m., garment, coat.
habitude, /., habit.
habituel, -le, adj.. habituai, ordi-
nary.
haïr, V.. to hâte.
hasard, m., hazard. chance : par
— , perhaps.
haut, -e, adj.. high ; adv., aloud hauteur, f.. height, loftiness.
hé! int., ah !
héberger, v., to lodge, to entcr-
tain.
hein? int., hey? what?
Heine, Henri (Heinrich), pv. ».,
German lyric poet and journal-
ist, 1799-1856, lived in Paris
from 1830- 1856.
hélas! int.. alas !
herbe, /'., herb, grass; couper 1' —
sous le pied à, to eut ont.
hérisson, m., hedgehog.
héritage, m., inheritance.
héros, m., hero.
hésiter, v., to hesitate.
heure, f., hour; à quelle — , at
what tinie ; à neuf — s, at nine
o'clock ; tout à 1' — , presently,
just now ; il y a une — , an
hour ago ; à la bonne — ! good !
that's what I like ! I am glad
of it!
heureu-x, -se, adj., happy, lucky.
heurter: se — à, v., to clash with,
to strike against.
hier, adv., yesterday; — soir, hist
night.
histoire, /., history, story.
hochet, ;;;., toy.
homme, m., man.
honnête, adj., righteous, honest.
honneur, m., honor.
honorable, ad')., honorable.
honoraire, adj., honorary.
honorer, v.. to honor. honte, f.. shame.
honteu-x, -se, adj.. ashamed.
horde, /., horde, légion.
horizon, m., horizon.
hospitalité, f., hospitality.
hostilité, /., hostility.
hôtel, m., hôtel, large résidence,
tnansion.
huit, card.. light ; — jours, a
week, humain, -e, adj., human.
humeur, /"., humor, temper, turn
of mind, disposition.
humiliation, f., humiliation, humilier, v., to humiliate.
ici, adv., hère.
idée, /., idea, thought.
ignorer, v., to ignore, not to
know ; ne pas • — , to know well.
il, pr., he, it.
illusion, /., illusion.
illustre, ad]., illustrious.
ils, pr., they.
imaginer: s' — , v., to imagine.
imbécile, m., idiot.
imiter, v., to imitate.
immédiat, -e, adj., immédiate.
immobile, adj., motionless.
impatient, -e, adj., impatient,
anxious.
imperceptible, adj.. imperceptible, impertinent, -e, adj., impertinent,
insolent.
importer, v., to concern, to mat-
ter; que vous importe? what
does it matter to you?
imposer, v.. to impose (à, upon).
impossible, adj., impossible.
impression, /"., impression.
improviser, v., to improvise.
imprimeur, ;;;., printer.
imprudence, f.. imprudence, impudence, f.. impudence, impunément, adv.. with impunity.
inattendu, -e, adj.. unexpccted.
incapable, adj., incapable, incliner: s' — , v., to bow down.
inconnu, -e, adj., unknown.
indélicat, -e, adj., indélicate.
indifférent, -e, adj.. indiffèrent.
indigne, adj., unworthy.
indignité, /"., indignity, infamy.
indiquer, v., to indicate.
indiscr-et, -ète, adj., indiscreet.
indiscrétion, /., indiscrétion.
industrie, /., industry.
industriel, m., manufacturer.
infâme, ad]., infamous.
infamie, /., infamy, baseness.
infortuné, -e, adj., unfortunate.
ingénieu-x, -se, ad']., ingenious.
ingrat, -e, adj., ungrateful.
initier, v., to initiate.
injuste, adj., unjust.
innocent, -e, adj., innocent.
inquiétant, adj., disquieting, alarining.
inquiéter: s' — , v., to be alarmed, to worry (de, about).
insensible, adj., imperceptible.
insister, v., to insist (à, upon).
insouciance, /., carelessness.
insulte, /., insuit.
installation, f., installation.
installer, v., to install ; s' — , to install one's self.
instant, m., instant, moment.
Institut, m., tbe Institute, the foremost learned society of France, comprising five académies, among tliem the Académie française.
instituteur, m., teacher, tutor.
intact, -e, adj., intact, unsullied.
intégral, -e, adj., intégral.
intendant, m., manager, steward.
intercepter, v., to intercept.
interdire, v., to interdict; faire — à, to put under guardianship.
interdit, -e, adj., embarrassed.
intéressant, -e, adj., interesting.
intéresser, v., to interest, to enlist the sympathy of.
intérêt, m., interest ; porter — à, to take an interest in.
interroger, v., to question.
intrigue, f., intrigue, love affair.
inutile, adj., useless.
inviolable, adj., inviolable.
invitation, f., invitation.
inviter, v., to invite.
irréparable, adj., irréparable.
irrésolution, f., irrésolution.
irrévocable, adj., irrévocable.
irriter, v., to provoke, to make angry.
Isly, pr. n., a little river in Morocco, at the boundary of Algiers ; famous for the victory of the French under Marshal Bugeaud over the Moroccans, August I4th, 1844.
italien, -ne, adj., Italian.
Italiens: les — , pL, the Italian Opéra, place Vcntadour, formerly largely patronized by the aristocracy (now used as a bank).
Ivry, pr. n., a village about forty miles west of Paris ; victory of Henry IV. (the first Bourbon king) over the party of the Guise, 1590.
alou-x, -se, adj., jealous.
amais, adv., ever ; à — , for ever ; à tout — , for good and ail ; ne . . . — , never.
jambe, f., leg; jouer sous — , to trip up.
jambon, m., ham.
jardin, m., garden ; une pierre dans mon — ; il finira par le paver, " that's a blow aimed at me ; he'll pound me into a mummy (into a cocked bat) yet."
je, pr., I.
Jean, pr. n., John.
jeter, v., to throw, to throw down ; — par la fenêtre, to throw out of the window.
jeu, m., game ; en — , at stakc ; jouer un — d'enfer, to gamble with desperately high stakes.
jeune, adj., young.
jeunesse, /'., 3'outh, young people ; princes de la — , young leaders of the fashionable world.
joie, f., joy.
joindre, v., to join, to add.
joli, -e, adj., pretty.
jouer, V., to plav, to make a fool of.
jour, m., day.
journal, m., newspaper, paper.
journée, /., day.
juge, m., judge; je t'en fais — , judge for yourself.
juger, V., to judge.
jumeau, m., twin ; les — x siamois, the Siamese twins who were grown together on one si de (died 1874 in America).
jurer, v., to swear; je vous jure, I assure you ; j'en jurerais, I would take my oath upon it.
jusqu'à, prep.. as far as, until ; il n'y a pas — la discipline qui n'ait, even discipHne has; jusqu'où, how far, to what point ; j'ai tout perdu jusqu'au droit de, I hâve lost everything, even the right to.
juste, adj., just.
justement, adv., just, precisely.
justice, /., justice.
1' — le, la.
la, art., see le; pr., her, it.
là, adz'., thcre.
là-bas, adv., down thcre (désig-
nâtes any conceivable place ; often used in speaking of a place the name of which the speaker does not at that moment recall).
laboureur, m., husbandman, farmer.
lâche, m., coward ; adj., coward-
ly.
lâcher, v., to let go; je lui ferai — prise, I shall make him give up his prey.
lacté, -e, adj., milky ; voie — galaxy, milky way.
là-dessus, adv., on that, about that, over that.
La Hogue, pr. n., town on the northern coast of France ; naval battle, 1692, of the French under Tourville against thé English and Dutch. The French lost the battle, but fought with the utmost bravery, and not one ship surrendered.
laine, f., wool.
laisser, v., to let, to leave; se — voler, to let one's self be rohbed.
langue, f.. tongue, language.
lansquenet, ni., a card game of pure chance, originating in Germany (Landsknccht).
lapin, m., rabbit.
laquelle, see lequel.
larme, f., tear.
La Rochelle, pr. n., a Huguenot stronghold, on the west coast of France, about 300 miles S.W. of Paris, captured by Richelieu, 1628, after a most ol)stinate défense.
las, -se, adj., tired.
latéral, -e, adi.. latéral, side-.
le, vu, la, f., art., the.
le, pr., him, it ; je — suis encore,
I ani so still.
légal, -e, adj., légal.
lég-er, -ère, adj., light.
légèreté, /., levity, fickleness.
légitime, adj., legitimate.
légitimiste, w., legitimist ; see
Introd., § 7.
légume, /., vegetable.
lendemain, m., day after (de).
lent, -e, adj., slow, lequel, m., laquelle, f. {pi. lesquels, lesquelles), rcl. pr..
which.
les, pi. of def. art., see le.
les, pr., them.
leur, pr., to them.
leur, possessive adj., their.
lever, v., to lift, to raise; se — -,
to rise, to get up.
lézard, m., lizard.
libéral, -e, adj., libéral, liberal-
minded.
liberté, /., liberty.
libre, adj., free.
lien, m., bond.
lier, V., to bind.
lieu, m., place; au — de, instead
of.
lire, V., to read.
liste, f., list.
lit, m., bed.
litanie, f., litany (in Catholic
worship), any long-winded and
tiresome enumeration.
lithuanien, -ne, adj., Lithuanian. livre, m., bock.
