livre, /., pound, livre (old coin
franc, livrée,/, livery.
livrer, deliver, give, betray, con-
fide; fight; se — , be fought
or waged, fight, wage.
locataire, m.f., tenant, lodger.
loge,/, lodge ; box, apartment.
logement, m., lodging.
logis, m. y house, lodging, home;
au — , at home, home, loi,/, law.
loin, far, far off or back ; de — ,
from afar.
lointain, -e, distant, remote.
lointain, m.., distance, loisir, m.., leisure, time ; à — , at
leisure.
long, -ue, long.
long, w., length ; le — de, along.
longtemps, a long time, long ; dès
or depuis — , long since, for a
long time.
longueur,/, length.
lors, then ; — même que, even if,
even though. lorsque, when.
louable praiseworthy, commend-
able.
louer, praise, commend ; se — de,
be pleased with.
lourd, -e, heavy, duU.
lourdement, heavily.
loyal, -e, loyal, honest, faithful.
VOCABULARY
loyauté,/., honesty, faimess.
lu, see lire.
lucrati-f, -ve, lucrative, lueur,/., glimmer, light.
lugubre, moumful, dismal.
lugubrement, moumfully, dis-
mally.
lui-même, himself, itself.
luire, shine.
lumière,/., light.
lumineu-x, -se, luminous.
lundi, m., Monday.
lune,/., moon.
lus, see lire.
lustré, -e, lustrous, glossy.
lutte,/, struggle, contest.
lutter, struggle.
luxe, m., luxury.
lyrique, lyric(al).
maçon, m., mason.
maçonner, build, wall up.
Madame,/., Madam, Mrs., Mistress.
Mademoiselle,/, Miss.
madone,/, madonna.
madré, -e, cunning, crafty.
magique, magie.
magnanime, magnanimous.
magnifique, magnificent.
mai, m., May,
maigre, meagre, lean, scanty, poor, sorry.
main,/, hand ; mettre la — sur, lay one's hand upon, find.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, maintain, keep, préserve.
Maïorque, pr. «., Majorca, one of the Balearic islands.
mais, but, why, well.
maison,/, house.
maisonnette, /., small house.
maître, m., mas ter, owner.
maîtresse,/, mistress.
majesté,/, majesty.
mal, m., ill, evil, hann.
mal, ill, badly, bad, amiss ; plus
— , worse.
malade, ill, sick.
malade, m. /, sick person, inva-
lid.
maladie, /., malady, illness, in-
firmity ; — noire, hypochondria,
blues, maladi-f, -ve, sickly, morbid.
maladroit, -e, awkward.
maladroitement, awkwardly, un-
wisely.
malaise, w., uneasiness, uncom-
fortableness.
malavisé, -e, ill-advised.
mâle, maie, masculine, manly.
mâle, m., maie, man.
malencontreu-x, -se, unlucky.
malentendu, m., misunderstand-
ing.
malfaisant, -e, mischievous, mal-
evolent.
malgré, in spite of, notwith-
standing.
malheur, m., misfortune.
malheureusement, unfortunately,
unhappily.
malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate,
unhappy.
malice,/., malice, malignity.
malignité,/, malignity.
mal-in, -igné, malignant, mali-
cious.
malsain, -e, unhealthy, unwhole-
some.
malveillance,/, malevolence, ill-
will.
mander, send for.
manger, eat.
mangeur, m., eater.
manie,/, mania, madness, eccen-
tricity.
manière,/, manner, way.
manifeste, manifest, évident.
VOCABULARY
manifestement, manifestly, evi-
dently.
manifester, manifest, show, dis-
play.
manœuvre, /., maneuvre, move,
tactics.
manqué, -e, defective, imperfect;
être — , be a failure.
manquer, fail ; — à, fail, lack, be
wanting ; — de, lack, want for.
mansarde, y., garret.
manteau, w., mantle, cloak.
manuscrit, m.\ manuscript.
marais, m., marsh.
marbre, w., marble.
marche, y., march, walk, ride.
journey, way, step ; en — , on
the march, walking; mettre en
— , march ; ouvrir la — , lead
the way.
marché, m., market, sale, bargain ;
bon — , cheapness ; faire bon —
de, hold or sell cheap, marchepied, m., foot-boàrd, step.
marcher, walk.
mardi, w., Tuesday.
marécage, w., marsh.
marécageu-x, -se, marshy.
marge,/., margin ; time.
marguerite,/., daisy.
mari, w., husband.
mariage, vi., marriage.
marier, marry, give in marriage;
se — , marry, get married.
marin, -e, marine, sea.
marin, m., mariner, sailor, sea-
man.
marine,/., navigation, navy ; sea-
affairs ; sea-piece.
marquant, -e, striking.
marque,/., mark, token.
marqué, -e, marked, decided.
marquer, mark, indicate, appoint, marqueter, speckle, checker ; inlay.
marquisat, w., marquisate.
marquise,/., marchioness.
marronnier, m., chestnut-tree.
Marseille, pr. «., Marseilles.
martyre, w., martyrdom. masque, m., mask.
masse,/., mass, heap.
massi-f, -ve, massive, massif, m., group, clump;thicket.
masure,/., tumbledown building,
hut.
mater, mast, set up, raise ; rear.
matériel, -le, material, rude,
coarse.
matière, /., matter, material,
subject, cause, case, matin, m.^ morning ; de grand — ,
very early; dès le — , at day-
break.
matinal, -e, moming, early.
matinée,/., morning.
matines,/.//., matins, maudire, curse.
maudit, -e, cursed, confounded.
mausolée, m., mausoleum.
maussade, sullen, cross, disagree-
able.
mauvais, -e, bad, evil, wicked;
unfair ; poor, sorry.
méchant, -e, wicked, bad, naughty,
vicions, méconnaissable, unrecognizable.
méconnaître, fail to recognize,
disregard.
mécontent, -e, discontented, dis-
pleased.
mécontentement, discontent, dis-
pleasure. médecin, m., physician. "* médiocre, médiocre, ordinary.
médiocrement, moderately, indif-
ferently.
méditer, meditate, meditate on;
— de, contemplate.
méfiance,/., mistrust, distrust, mégère,/., shrew.
meilleur, -e, better, best.
mélancolie,/., melancholy.
mélancolique, melancholy ; dull.
VOCABULARY
mélange, m., mixture, mêler (à, with), mix, mingle.
mélodieu-x, -se, melodious.
mélodrame, w., melodrama.
membre, m., member.
même, same, self ; even, very.
mémoire,/., memory.
menaçant, -e, menacing, threaten-
ing.
menace,/"., menace, threat.
menacer, menace, threaten.
ménager, manage, spare, be spar-
ing of ; bring about.
mendiant, -e, mendicant, beg-
gingmendiant, -e, m. /., mendicant,
beggar.
mendier, beg.
mener, lead, conduct, guide, mensonge, w.,lie, lying, falsehood.
mensong-er, -ère, false, untrue.
menteu-r, -se, w./., liar.
mentir, lie.
menton, m., chin.
menu, m., bill of fare.
méprendre (se), mistake, be mis-
taken.
mépris, see méprendre, mépris, w., contempt, scorn.
méprisant, -e, contemptuous,
scornful.
méprise,/., mistake.
mépriser, scorn, despise.
mer,/., sea.
merci, m., thank(s).
mère,/., mother.
meringue, /., meringue (cream-
cake).
mérite,/., merit.
mériter, merit, deserve.
méritoire, meritorious, praisewor-
thy.
Merlin, pr. n.
merveille,/., marvel, wonder ; à
— , wonderfuUy well ; remark-
able.
mésalliance,/., misalliance.
mésaventure, /., misadventure,
mishap.
messe,/., mass ; grand' — , high
mass ; basse — , — basse, petite
— , low mass.
mesure,/., measure, step, time;
extent ; à — que, in proportion
as, as.
mesurer, measure, judge.
métairie,/., farm, farmhouse.
métaphore,/., metaphor.
méthode,/., method, System, méthodique, methodical.
méthodiquement, methodically.
mets, m., méat, food, dish.
mettre, put, place; put on; se —
(à, to), sit down, begin.
meuble, m.,, (pièce of) fumiture;
furnishing.
meurs, see mourir, midi, m., mid-day ; scuth.
mien, -ne, mine, of mine, my own.
miette,/., crumb, bit, morsel.
mieux, better ; le — , best ; de son
— , as well as one can.
mignon, -ne, m./., darling, dear.
milieu, m., middle, midst ; au —
de, in the middle or midst of,
in mid- ...
mille, thousand.
millier, m., thousand.
mince, slender, thin, small, little.
mine, /., mien, look(s), counte-
nance, air ; avoir bonne — , look
well.
minuit, m., midnight.
minute,/., minute, instant, minutieusement, minutely.
minutieu-x, -se, minute, mirage, m., mirage, illusion ; out-
line. miroir, m., mirror.
mis, see mettre, misérable, misérable, wretched.
misère,/., misery, poverty.
mobilier, m., fumiture, mode, /«., mode, form.
VOCABULARY
mode,/., mode, manner, fashion.
modèle, m., model, pattern.
moderne, modem, modeste, modest.
modestie,/., modesty.
modifier, modify, change, moelle,/., marrow.
moellon, m., ashlar, shiver.
mœurs,/.//., manners, morals.
moi, me, to or for me, I;.à — ,
help!
moi-même, myself.
moindre, less ; le — , least.
moins, less ; le — , least ; à — de,
at or for less than ; au or du
— , at least ; de — , less, want-
ing ; n'en . . . pas moins, none
the less.
mois, m., month.
moisson,/, harvest.
moissoneu-r, -se, m.f., reaper.
moitié, /., half ; de — , by half mollesse,/., softness, weakness.
moment, w., moment, instant,
time ; dès ce — , at the présent
time.
momerie,/, mummery.
mon, ma, //. mes, my, my own.
mondain, -e, worldly, social, monde, w., world, people, society.
monotone, monotonous.
monsieur, ot., Mr., Sir, gentleman,
fellow.
monstrueu-x, -se, monstrous.
mont, w., mount, mountain.
montagne,/, mountain.
monter, mount, climb ; step, bring
up ; — à cheval, mount a horse,
ride horseback.
montoir, m., mounting; horse-
block ; au — , mount.
montrer, show, let be seen, point
out ; se — , show one's self, ap-
pear.
moquer (se) de, mock, make fun
of, laugh at.
moquerie,/., mockery.
morale,/., morals, morality.
morbleu, zounds !
morceau, »/., morsel, pièce; bit,
loaf.
morne, gloomy, dejected..
morne, vi., hill, mountain.
mort,/, death.
mort, -e, dead, lifeless.
mortel, -le, mortal, lifeless, dead-
ly. [ly.
mortellement, mortally, grievousmortifiant, -e, mortifying, humil-
iating.
mortifier, mortify, vex.
mortuaire, mortuary, of the de-
ceased.
mot, m., Word; answer ; pour
trancher le — , speak out.
motif, m., motive, reason.
mou, mol, m. y molle, /., soft,
weak.
moucher (se), blow one's nose.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
mourir, die.
mourrai, see mourir, mousse,/, moss.
mouton, m., sheep.
mouvement, m. y movement, impulse.
moyen, m. (de, to), means, power.
moyen, -ne, mean, middle.
moyennant, by means of, for.
muet, -te, mute, dumb.
mufle, w., muzzle.
multiplier, multiply.
munir, provide, supply.
mur, m., wall.
mûr, -e, mature, ripe, muraille,/, wall.
murer, wall, wall in or up.
murmure, w., murmur, mutter.
murmurer, mutter, whisper.
musée, m., muséum, musique,/, music.
mystère, m., mystery.
mystérieu-x, -se, mysterious,
mystic.
VOCABULARY
nacre, y., mother of pearl.
nage,/., swimming ; à la — , (by)
swimming.
nager, swim, float ; row.
naguère, but lately, heretofore,
ago.
naiade,/., naiad (a mythological
female deity, supposed to préside over springs and rivers).
naissance,/., birth.
naître, be born, grow, spring ;
faire — , give rise to.
naïveté, /., artlessness, simplicity.
nappe,/., table-cloth, sheet.
narine,/., nostril.
natation,/., swimming.
nationalité, /., nationality.
nature, /., nature, character ; de
— à, of a nature to, calculated
to.
naturel, m., naturalness.
naturel, -le, natural.
naturellement, naturally, by nanaufrage, m., shipwreck. [ture.
naufragé, -e, shipwrecked.
naufragé, -e, m. /., shipwrecked
person.
navrant, -e, heart-rending.
navrer, break, rend.
ne (n'), not ; — ... pas or point,
not, not at ail.
né, -e^pp. ^naître, néanmoins, nevertheless.
néant, m., nothing, nothingness,
naught ; mettre à — , set at
naught.
nécessaire, necessary, needed.
nécessairement, necessarily.
nécessité,/., necessity.
nef,/., nave.
néfaste, unlucky.
négati-f, -ve, négative, négligemment, negligently, care-
lessly.
négligence,/., négligence, neglect.
négliger, neglect.
négocier, negotiate.
nègre, m., negro.
neige,/., snow.
nerveu-x, -se, nervous.
net, -te, clean, flatly.
nettement, clearly, distinctly,
frankly.
nettoyer, clear, clean.
neuf, nine.
neu-f, -ve, new, raw, inexperi-
enced.
nez, m., nose, face ; au — , il
one's face.
ni, neither, nor, not even ; either,
or.
niais, -e, silly, foolish.
niche,/., niche, recess.
nier, deny.
niveau, m., level.
noblement, nobly.
noblesse,/., nobleness, nobility.
noce,/, wedding.
nocturne, nocturnal, nightly.
nœud, m., knot.
noir, -e, black, dark.
noir, m., black.
noircir, blacken.
noisetier, m., hazel-tree.
nom, m., name.
nomade, nomad, nomadic.
nombre, m., number.
nombreu-x, se, numerous.
nommer, name, call.
non, no, not ; — pas, no, not; —
plus, see plus, nonchalamment, carelessly, in-
differently.
nonchalance,/., carelessness, un-
concem.
nonchalant, -e, careless.
nord, w., north.
notaire, m., notary, attorney.
noter, note, mark, notion,/., notion, idea.
notre, our, our own.
nôtre, ours ; le or la — , les —s,
VOCABULARY
ours, our relatives ; des — s, of
our party.
nouer, knot, tie, form.
nourrice,/., nurse, nourrir, nourish, feed ; cherish.
nouveau, nouvel, w., nouvelle,/.,
new, récent, fresh.
nouveau (de), anew, again.
nouvelle,/., news, intelligence, nouvellement, newly, recently.
novembre, w., November.
noyer, drown ; se — , be drowned,
drown.
nu, -e, naked, bare.
nu, w., naked or bare part, nuage, m., cloud, shadow.
nuance,/., shade, tint; degree.
nuancer, shade, vary ; se — , be
shaded, blend.
nui, see nuire.
nuire à {or de), hurt, injure, nuit,/, night.
nullement, by no means, not at
ail.
nymphe,/., nymph.
obéir, obey ; — à, obey.
obéissance, /., obédience, com-
pliance.
obéissant, -e, obedient, dutiful.
objecter, object.
objectif, /«., object.
objet, m., object, subject, aim.
obligation,/., obligation, claim.
obligatoire, obligatory.
obligé, -e, obliged.
obligé, -e, m.f., obliger, obligeant, -e, olsliging, kind.
obliger, oblige, oblique, oblique, slanting.
obliquement, obliquely.
obscur, -e, obscure, dark.
obscurité,/, obscurity, darkness.
obséquieu-x, -se, obsequious.
observer, observe, notice, watch ;
maintain.
Obstination, /., obstinacy.
obstiné, -e, obstinate, stubborn.
obstinément, obstinately.
obstiner, make obstinate ; s' — à,
be obstinate in, persist in.
obtenir, obtain.
obtenu, see obtenir, occasion,/., occasion, opportuni-
occidental, -e, occidental, western.
occuper, occupy ; s' — à, occupy oneself in, be engaged in ; s' — de, be occupied with.
octobre, m., October.
octogénaire, m.f., octogenarian.
octogonal, -e, octagonal.
octroyer, grant, pay.
odeur,/., odor, parfume.
odieu-x, -se, odious, hateful.
odoriférant, -e, odorif erous, s weetsmelling.
œil, //. yeux, m., eye ; coup d' — , glance ; sous les yeux, before one's eyes.
œuf, m., egg.
œuvre, m.f., work.
offenser, offend, hurt.
offert, see offrir.
ofQ.ce, m., office, service.
officiant, m., officiating clergym an.
officiel, -le, officiai.
officier, m., officer.
officieu-x, -se, obliging.
offrir, offer, propose; s' — , offer one's self, offer.
Ogival, -e, arched.
oiseau, m., bird.
oisif, m., idler. >
oisiveté,/, idleness.
ombrage, m., shade, shadow, suspicion.
ombrager, shade, shelter.
I ombrageu-x, se, shy, distrustful.,
VOCABULARY
ombre, /., shade, shadow.
omettre, omit.
on, m, /., one, they, we, people, men.
oncle, m., uncle.
onctueu-x, -se, unctuous, oily.
onde,/"., wave, surge.
ondé, -e, undulated, wavy.
onduler, undulate, wave ; faire — , undulate, shake.
onduleu-x, -se, undulating, waving.
opération, /"., opération, transaction.
opérer, operate, work, make.
opiniâtre, obstinate, stubborn.
opposé, -e, opposite.
opposer (de, with), oppress, depress.
Opprobre, zw., opprobrium, shame.
or, now.
or, wï., gold.
orage, m., storm, tempest.
orageu-x, -se, stormy.
oranger, ot., orange-tree.
orateur, m., orator, speaker.
orbite, /., orbit.
ordinaire, ordinary, usual, habituai.
ordinaire, m. y ordinary ; ordinary fare, mess ; à 1' — , usual, as usual ; ordinarily.
ordinairement, ordinarily, usually,
ordonner, ordain, direct.
ordre, m.^ order, command.
oreille, /., ear ; prêter 1* — , listen.
oreiller, m., pillow.
organe, m., organ, voice, spokesman.
organisation,/"., organization, nature.
organiser, organize, fonn,
orgueil, m., pride.
oriental, -e, oriental, eastem.
orienter (s'), take one's bearings.
originaire, original, (a) native (of).
origine,/., origin.
ornement, m., omament.
ornementation,/., ornamentation.
orner, adom, decorate.
os, m., bone.
oser, dare.
ôter à, take away from, deprive
of ; — de, remove from.
ou, or, either, or else.
OÙ, where, whither, at or in or to
which ; when ; d' — , whence.
oubli, m., forgetfulness.
oublier, forget, neglect.
oui, yes, indeed.
ours, m., bear.
outrage, m.^ outrage, insuit ; faire
— à, outrage, outrageant, -e, outrageous, insult-
ing.
outrager, outrage, insuit.
outre, beyond; en — , moreover,
besides ; en — de, in addition
to.
outre-monts (d'), tramontane,
(from) beyond the mountains.
outre-passer, go beyond, exceed.
ouvert, -e, open, frank.
ouverture,/., opening, aperture.
ouvrage, w., work.
ouvragé, -e, worked, wrought ouvrier, m., workman.
ouvrir, open, unlock ; s' — , be
opened, open, burst.
ovale, oval.
ovate, tn.y ovate.
pacifique, pacifie, peaceful.
paille,/., straw. pailleter, spangle.
pain, m., bread, loaf.
paire,/., pair, couple, paisiblement, peacefuUy.
paix,/., peace, rest.
palais, m., palace, pâle, pale, wan, dim, tame.
palefrenier, m., groom.
VOCABULARY
paletot, m., coat.
pâleur,/., paleness.
palier, m., landing-place.
pâlir, turn pale.
palissade,/., palisade, hedgerow.
palpiter, palpitate, beat.
pâmer (se), faint, swoon; be en-
raptured.
pâmoison, /., swoon, fainting fit.
panache, m., plume, tuft.
panier, m., basket, panneau, m., panel, panonceau, /»., escutcheon.
pansement, w., dressing.
papier, m., paper.
paquet, m., parcel, package.
par, by, in, from, on account of,
out of.
parage, m., quarters.
paraître, appear, seem,. make one's
appearance.
paralysie, /., paralysis, palsy. .
parbleu, why ! zounds !
parc, m., park.
parce que, because.
parchemin, m., parchment.
parcourir, travel over, go or run
over.
par-dessus, over, above, upon.
pardonner (à), pardon, forgive.
pareil, -le, like, similar ; such,
such a.
pareillement, likewise, also.
parement, m., facing, cuff.
parent, w./., relative, parent, -e, related.
parenthèse-, /., parenthesis ; par
— , by the way.
parer, adorn, decorate.
parfait, -e, perfect.
parfaitement, perfectly, exactly,
completely, quite.
parfois, sometimes.
parfum, m., perfume.
parfumer, perfume, sweeten.
parier, bet, wager.
parisien, -ne, Parisian.
parler, speak, mention.
parloir, m., parlor.
parmi, among.
parole,/, word, speech ; promise, engagement ; prendre la — , begin to speak ; rendre à sa — , release from one's word.
parquer, pen up, place.
parquet, w., (inlaid) floor.
parsemer, strew (de, with).
part,/, part, share, interest,side; à — , apart, except ; de son — , from him {or her) ; de la — de, from ; de — et d'autre, on both sides ; de toutes — s, on ail sides ; faire — de, inform or apprise of ; prendre — de, participate or share in.
partagé, -e, shared, reciprocal.
partager, share.
partenaire, w./, partner.
parterre, m., flower-garden, garden.
parti, m., party, side, match, resolution ; prendre son — , make up one's mind, resign one's self ; prendre — à, side with.
particularité, /., particular.
particuli-er, -ère, particular, peculiar, private.
particulièrement, particularly.
